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Topic: 1 Aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylic acid

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Amino acid
		Amino acid residue is what is left of an amino acid once a water molecule has been lost (an H+ from the nitrogenous side and an OH- from the carboxylic side) in the formation of a peptide bond.
		In addition to amino acids for protein synthesis, there are other biologically important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitters glycine, GABA and glutamate, as well as carnitine (used in lipid transport within a cell), ornithine, citrulline, homocysteine, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and sarcosine.
		In humans, the essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and (in children) histidine and arginine.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Amino_acid (822 words)

	Amino acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Glycine, and glutamate, are used both as neurotransmitters and as standard amino acids in proteins.
		Many amino acids are used to synthesize other molecules, such as tryptophan which is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and glycine which is one of the reactants in the synthesis of porphyrins such as heme.
		Numerous non-standard amino acids are also biologically important: GABA (another neurotransmitter), carnitine (used in lipid transport within a cell), ornithine, citrulline, homocysteine, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and sarcosine.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Amino_acid.htm (1717 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Amino acid residue is what is left of an amino acid once a water molecule has been lost (an H + from the...
		Each amino acid consists of an alpha carbon atom to which is attached a hydrogen atom an amino group (hence...
		NE (Non-Essential Amino Acid) Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses andamp; tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of...
	amino_acid.iqexpand.com (1052 words)

	Control of fruit ripening and senescence in plants - Patent 5702933
		A method for producing a plant with reduced levels of ethylene which comprises expressing a gene encoding a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolizing enzyme in said plant at a sufficient level to reduce the steady-state 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration, wherein said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolizing enzyme is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase.
		The first was that extracts from all of the organisms were capable of converting ACC to.alpha.-ketobutyric acid and the second was that all contained a protein of approximately 37,000 daltons that strongly cross-reacted with an antibody raised against the 6G5 ACC deaminase protein.
		The sequence of the 3F2 gene and the derived amino acid sequence of the ACC deaminase is shown in FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5702933.html (12553 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In: Biochem J (1976 Jan 1) 153(1):33-8 ISSN: 0006-2936 The N-terminal amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from Stellaria media L. (chickweed) has been determined by means of an automatic sequencer.
		Amino acid derivatives obtained during the degradation were identified by a combination of t.l.c., g.l.c.
		In: J Nat Prod (1996 Mar) 59(3):280-2 ISSN: 0163-3864 A novel cytotoxic cyclic heptapeptide, yunnanin C (1), was isolated from the roots of Stellaria yunnanensis.
	www.ibiblio.org /london/alternative-healthcare/herbal-medicine/SWSBM/Abstracts/Stellaria-AB.txt (779 words)

	Benzylidene glycine ester derivatives - Patent 4332958 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is lower alkyl.
		Compound (2) is hydrolyzed with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, to yield the acid salt of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is then converted to the free compound by such means as passing through an ion exchange resin.
		Following the procedure of Example 1, benzylidene glycine phenyl ester is reacted with 1,2-dichloroethane to give benzylidene cyclopropyl phenyl ester, which is then hydrolyzed to yield 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
	www.freepatentsonline.com:9003 /4332958.html (677 words)

	BLAST Search Results
		ACC oxidase [Carica papaya] 230 2e-59 pirT12619 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EC 1...
		ACC oxidase 1 [Fagus sylvatica] 228 5e-59 pirT10817 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EC 1...
		ACC oxidase [Nicotiana tabacum] 225 4e-58 pirS48811 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EC 1...
	www.genomics.purdue.edu /~jxu/newJBC/blast/JBC_16_B06_T3.nr.blastx.html (493 words)

	Phosphorylation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase by MPK6, a Stress-Responsive Mitogen-Activated ...
		Phosphorylation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase by MPK6, a Stress-Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Induces Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis -- Liu and Zhang, 10.1105/tpc.104.026609 -- THE PLANT CELL
		Proteomics, October 1, 2005; 4(10): 1558 - 1568.
		Bot., September 1, 2005; 96(4): 507 - 518.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/short/tpc.104.026609v1 (598 words)

	The Seed Biology Place
		Luciana Petruzzelli (1), Immacolata Coraggio (1), Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
		Biosynthesis of the direct ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the expression of ACC oxidase (ACO), and ethylene production were investigated in the cotyledons and embryonic axis of germinating pea seeds.
		Ethylene-independent signalling pathways regulate the spatial and temporal pattern of ethylene biosynthesis, whereas the ethylene signalling pathway regulates high-level ACO expression in the embryonic axis, and thereby enhances ethylene evolution during seed germination.
	www.leubner.ch /html/abspeaaco00.html (303 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		Cruz AF; Ishii T; Kadoya K. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tree growth, leaf water potential, and levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and ethylene in the roots of papaya under water-stress conditions.
		Root ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations were measured and plant fresh weight determined.
		The water-stress treatment resulted in a marked increase in ethylene concentration in non-AM roots but the concentration in AM roots was slightly lower than under normal conditions.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest01/01_1cruz1.htm (209 words)

	Isolement, Identification et Caractérisation de gènes impliqués dans la maturation de l'abricot ...
		Use of monoclonal antibodies in the purification and characterization of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid synthase, an anzyme in ethylene biosynthesis.- Proc.
		Conversion of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic acid to ethylene by isoled vacuoles of Pisum sativum L.- Planta 160 : 281-287.
		Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbatifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana.- EMBO J 15: 2331-2342.
	www.inra.fr /Internet/Projets/theses/these-integrale/Theses/mbeguie/html/these_back.html (7253 words)

	Plant Gene Register PGR98-043 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In higher plants, ethylene is synthesized from methionine via S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC),which involves three enzymes, namely, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) synthase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-cayboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase (Yang and Hoffman, 1984).
		The deduced amino acid sequence of MaACS possessed several conserved domains of ACC synthase genes (Theologis, A 1992).
		The open reading frame begins with the first ATG codon at the position of 16--18 and terminates at the codon TGA at position 1474--1476, and encodes a polypeptide of 486 amino acids, of which molecular weight is 55024 Da with a predicted isoelectric point of 7.47.
	www.tarweed.com /pgr/PGR98-043.html (666 words)

	Differential Expression of Two Genes for 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase in Tomato Fruits -- Olson et al. 88 ...
		Gene-specific probes were constructed to examine the expression of transcripts encoding the two ACC synthase isoforms under two conditions of enhanced ethylene formation-namely, during fruit ripening and in response to mechanical stress (wounding).
		The level of mRNA encoding both isoforms, ACC synthase 1 and 2, increased during ripening.
		Blot analysis of genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes confirmed that ACC synthase 1 and 2 are encoded by different genes.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/88/12/5340 (795 words)

	Role of S-adenosylmethionine in plant metabolism: ethylene biosynthesis - Sulfate uptake and assimilation - HORT640 - ...
		SAM is converted to the amino acid 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by ACC synthase, which is then oxidized to ethylene by ACC oxidase (Kende, 1993):
		The HCN generated from the catalytic action of ACC oxidase is detoxified by rapid metabolism to the amino acid B-cyanoalanine which can then be hydrated to asparagine or conjugated to gamma-glutamyl-B-cyanoalanine (Yang, 1989).
		In flooded tomato plants, the accumulated ACC is transported from the root to the shoot (via the xylem) where it is then rapidly oxidized to ethylene, inducing epinasty (Bradford and Yang, 1980; English et al, 1995) and adventitious root formation (Visser et al, 1996).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/sulfate/su00009.htm (873 words)

	PAPQMD parametrization of molecular systems with cyclopropyl rings: conformational study of homopeptides constituted by ...
		In this respect the AMI method seems to be a good method to obtain parameters at a minimum computational cost.
		Finally, the new set of parameters has been used to investigate the conformational preferences of homopeptides constituted by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
		Results indicate that such compounds tend to adopt a helical conformation stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds between residues i and i + 3.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1999/jan/A9910498.html (426 words)

	Exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid promotes the speed of radicle protrusion from tomato seeds.
		Exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid promotes the speed of radicle protrusion from tomato seeds.
		Ethylene evolution from tomato seeds was detected concomitant with radicle emergence, approximately 48 hours after the start of imbibition (HAI) on water.
		These data suggest that exogenous ACC positively influences the speed of germination regardless of when it is supplied, while ethylene presence initially inhibits, but thereafter, stimulates the speed of germination.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb2000/public/P24/0494.html (252 words)

	Spectroscopic Studies of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase: Molecular Mechanism and CO2 Activation in the ...
		Spectroscopic Studies of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase: Molecular Mechanism and CO2 Activation in the Biosynthesis of Ethylene
		Spectroscopic Studies of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase: Molecular Mechanism and CO Activation in the Biosynthesis of Ethylene
		1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the gaseous plant hormone ethylene, which is involved in development, including germination, fruit ripening, and senescence.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jacsat/2002/124/i17/abs/ja017250f.html (290 words)

	A Mechanical Strain-Induced 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene -- Botella et al. 92 (5): 1595 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACC synthase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14) is the key regulatory enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway.
		We are reporting an ACC synthase gene in Vigna radiata (mung bean) that is inducible by mechanical strain.
		Botany, November 1, 1998; 85(11): 1586 - 1591.
	intl.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/92/5/1595 (440 words)

	The Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene Expression during the Transition from System-1 to ...
		J. Exp. Bot., June 1, 2003; 54(387): 1537 - 1544.
		J. Exp. Bot., October 1, 2002; 53(377): 2039 - 2055.
		J. Exp. Bot., October 1, 2002; 53(377): 2023 - 2030.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/123/3/979 (729 words)

	COMP 292 - Theoretical studies on the ethylene forming enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		ACCO plays a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of ethylene, which acts as a signaling molecule in many processes connected with plant development and defense (e.g., rooting, fruit ripening, germination).
		This enzyme carries out the two electron oxidation of the substrate ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) concomitantly with the four-electron reduction of dioxygen and oxidation of ascorbate.
		A model including the metal complex and ACC coordinated in the first coordination sphere is used to study the details of O-O bond cleavage and cyclopropane ring opening.
	membership.acs.org /c/comp/pastprograms/sp05/P853151.HTM (187 words)

	The Seed Biology Place
		The Ca2+ requirements of ethylene-dependent responses were investigated in germinating seeds of Pisum sativum L. using 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (Ps-ACO1), ACC synthase (Ps-ACS2) and class I ß-1,3-glucanase as molecular markers.
		Ethylene biosynthesis and responsiveness are localized to the elongation and differentiation zones of the pea radicle.
		Tissues from adult plants and germinating seeds exhibit temporal and spatial differences in the signal/response coupling by Ca2+ of ethylene-regulated processes.
	www.leubner.ch /html/abspeapce03.html (354 words)

	The promoter of LE-ACS7, an early flooding-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene of the tomato, is ...
		acid (ACC), which is transported from the root to the shoot, where
		Ethylene Synthesis Regulated by Biphasic Induction of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Genes Is Required for Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation and Cell Death in Ozone-Exposed Tomato
		J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2002; 53(367): 175 - 181.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/95/17/10334 (685 words)

	Ethylene - Biocrawler definition:Ethylene - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It can also react with water to produce ethanol but the rate at which this happens is very slow unless a suitable catalyst, such as phosphoric or sulfuric acid, is used.
		Under high pressure, and in the presence of a catalytic metal (platinum, rhodium, nickel), hydrogen will react with ethylene, saturating it.
		Its biosynthesis starts from methionine with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) as a key intermediate.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Ethylene (699 words)

	Rolf Christoffersen: Current Research
		Specific areas currently under study are the mechanism of ethylene biosynthesis, an important phytohormone and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mediated secondary metabolism in plants.
		We have cloned and overexpressed in E. coli 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ethylene forming enzyme) from avocado.
		This Fe (II) and ascorbate requiring oxidase is responsible for the last step of ethylene biosynthesis in which 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is converted to ethylene.
	www.lifesci.ucsb.edu /mcdb/faculty/christoffersen/research/research.html (276 words)

	Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene ...
		Bot., September 1, 2005; 96(4): 557 - 564.
		J. Exp. Bot., September 1, 2005; 56(419): 2409 - 2420.
		Bot., January 1, 2003; 91(2): 263 - 270.
	plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/109/4/1435?maxtoshow=&... (631 words)

	Connotea: xy12352's bookmarks
		Phosphorylation of tomato 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, LE-ACS2, at the C-terminal region.
		The regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene expression during the transition from system-1 to system-2 ethylene synthesis in tomato.
		Identification of a new motif for CDPK phosphorylation in vitro that suggests ACC synthase may be a CDPK substrate.
	www.connotea.org /rss/user/xy12352 (583 words)

	Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar viciae 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Promotes Nodulation of Pea Plants -- ...
		In the presence of 1 and 2 mM
		Identification of DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the Enterobacter cloacae UW4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene.
		Levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in exudates and extracts of canola seeds treated with plant growth-promoting bacteria.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/8/4396 (4493 words)

	Abstract 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Formation of Cyanide from Carbon 1 of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid During Its Conversion to Ethylene
		It has been shown that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the immediate precursor of ethylene, which is derived from C-2 and C-3 of ACC.
		These data indicate that in the conversion of ACC to ethylene the carboxyl group yields CO, and C-1 is released as HCN.
	www.chem.umn.edu /groups/liu/Publications/abstracts/12.html (203 words)

	References - aminocyclopropane and synthase - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and ...
		Avni A, Bailey BA, Mattoo AK, Anderson JD 1994 Induction of ethylene biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum by a Trichoderma viride xylanase is correlated to the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts.
		Moeder W, Barry CS, Tauriainen AA, Betz C, Tuomainen J, Utriainen M, Grierson D, Sandermann H, Langebartels C, Kangasjarvi J 2002 Ethylene synthesis regulated by biphasic induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes is required for hydrogen peroxide accumulation and cell death in ozone-exposed tomato.
		Peck SC, Kende H 1998 Differential regulation of genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase in etiolated pea seedlings: effects of indole-3-acetic acid, wounding, and ethylene.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/accs.htm (2775 words)

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