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Topic: 100LL

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	AOPA Online: Regulatory Brief - Avgas (100LL) Alternatives
		It should be noted that 91/98 could serve as a replacement for about 30 percent of the total 100LL currently consumed in the United States — contingent upon FAA certification of the fleet and a willingness by the fuel producers to produce a fuel that only addresses about 30 percent of the total avgas marketplace.
		It is estimated that approximately 30 percent of the existing GA piston engine fleet uses approximately 70 percent of all 100LL produced.
		Potentially years of work still lies ahead to develop an acceptable unleaded replacement fuel for 100LL, develop and approve a new specification for that fuel, and have the FAA certify aircraft to use that fuel.
	www.aopa.org /whatsnew/regulatory/regunlead.html (628 words)

	Aviation Grade Ethanol
		100LL is the last commercial fuel allowed by EPA to contain tetraethyl lead (TEL), 100LL contains four times the lead that used to be in automobile gasoline, and EPA wants to ban 100LL but is reluctant to until demonstration of a viable alternative.
		Because of its higher viscosity and lower vapor pressure, addition of biodiesel at 1% is sufficient to maintain a thin film of biodiesel on relatively cooler cylinder wall and head surfaces to protect against corrosion.
		For 5052 alloy: 19, 33, and 30 mg/cm
	www.fuelandfiber.com /Archive/Fuel/Research/AGE85/age85.html (907 words)

	Avgas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most piston aircraft engines require 100LL but it is scheduled to be phased out in the United States because of the lead toxicity.
		100LL contains a maximum of 2 grams of lead per US gallon, or maximum 0.56 grams/litre and is the most commonly available and used aviation gasoline.
		80/87 is red, 100/130 is green, and 100LL is blue, while jet fuel, JET A1, is clear or straw, being undyed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avgas (1078 words)

	RisingUp Aviation Forums - Elimination of 100LL
		I have read that the EPA is going to phase out 100LL and the replacement will have a lower octane.
		I also understand that many of the 200 hp and higher engines currently dependent on 100LL, and originally certified to higher octane fuels that have already been phased out, will not be convertable without major modifications.
		Then, with the thousands of engines out there used to and designed for 100LL, there will certainly be additives--just as there are for cars--that will likely make the new fuel compatible for most aviation engines.
	www.risingup.com /forums/printthread.php?t=533 (394 words)

	FlyingChutes.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When 100LL is used in place of 80 octane or automobile gasoline in engines rated for 80 octane fuel, there is a considerable increase in the cost of operation as outlined in FAA Advisory Circular AC 91-33.
		Field experience has substantiated that there is improved reliability when using automobile gasoline as opposed to 100LL as reported in the ASTM Report No. STP 1048.
		When using unleaded regular automobile gasoline instead of 100LL aviation gasoline, the savings are made up of two parts: first, the lower price of the gasoline itself, which can be as much as $1.00 per gallon less; second, but even more significant is the savings from the reduced cost of maintenance.
	www.flyingchutes.com /stories.asp?id=101 (417 words)

	Aviation Grade Ethanol
		100LL is the last commercial fuel allowed by EPA to contain tetraethyl lead (TEL), 100LL contains four times the lead that used to be in automobile gasoline, and EPA wants to ban 100LL but is reluctant to until demonstration of a viable alternative.
		Because of its higher viscosity and lower vapor pressure, addition of biodiesel at 1% is sufficient to maintain a thin film of biodiesel on relatively cooler cylinder wall and head surfaces to protect against corrosion.
		For 5052 alloy: 19, 33, and 30 mg/cm
	fuelandfiber.com /Archive/Fuel/Research/AGE85/age85.html (907 words)

	AVGAS 100LL en ROUMANIE
		Avgas 100LL - couleur bleue -, LL correspondant, en anglais, à une faible teneur en plomb.
		More recently, an additional grade was introduced to allow one fuel to be used in engines originally designed for grades with lower lead contents: this grade is called Avgas 100LL, the LL standing for 'low lead'.
		To ease identification the fuels are dyed; for example Avgas 100LL is colored blue, while Avgas 100 is colored green.
	www.echange-roumanie.com /AVGAS.htm (1085 words)

	What about Avgas? - Dirt Rider . Net, Dirt Bikes - Motocross - Off-Road - Supercross
		100LL is rated at 91/96 By comparison; Unocal Leaded race gas that is used in lots of spec fuel racing classes has performance number of 112/160.
		Don't be fooled by the LL (100LL is about 8 grams lead, I think), it's really lots of lead, just less the straight 100 (sometimes referred to as 100/130).
		I always drained 100LL fuel out of my sump drains (because it was convenient) to fuel my son's first bike, and never had any problems.
	www.dirtrider.net /forums3/showthread.php?t=5298 (1840 words)

	Lead and fuel specifications
		A mixture of 75% unleaded and 25% 100LL yields a lead content equivalent to 80/87 octane avgas (0.5 gram per gallon).
		Burning an occasional tank of 100LL should not be necessary if the valve's, guides and seats were constructed in accordance with the latest specifications.
		In view of the fact that 100LL is eventually slated to be replaced with an unleaded high octane fuel, anyone facing an engine overhaul would be well advised to seek out hardened, newer spec parts.
	www.webworksltd.com /autofuelstc/pa/LeadD-4814.html (599 words)

	California (CA) Airport: AVGas Jet Fuel, AV Gas, AVFuel, 100LL/100 LL/JetA/Jet A/AV Fuel
		• Full service and 24-hour self-service JetA fuel and 100LL fuel
		Central Coast Aviation is the newest AVFuel FBO in Monterey Bay Area located at Salinas Airport.
		We provide AVTRIP points, concierge services and discount fuel prices including AVGas jet fuel, 100LL fuel, and Jet A fuel.
	www.ccasfbo.com (159 words)

	That Marvelous Marvel Mystery Oil and other low-lead matters
		For all practical purposes, 80 octane aviation gasoline is no longer available, forcing the Cub driver to choose between 100LL avgas and 87 octane automotive gasoline (assuming that he has the necessary STC and that "mogas" is sold at the airport).
		There is a bromide chemical in 100LL that is supposed to keep the TEL vaporized and the excess pushed out the exhaust, and this bromide has to be at a certain temperature to work correctly.
		So, "How do it woik?" At the instant of combustion, there is a chemical reaction between TCP and the lead in the fuel to form lead phosphate, which comes out of the exhaust stack as a grey powder.
	www.pipercubforum.com /marvel.htm (1318 words)

	Airplane fuel, Is it good to use as race gas? [Archive] - DSMtalk Forums
		Otherwise in comparison to leaded race gas 100ll has a lower vapor pressure than street gas which may lead to hard starting and even some poor atomization/puddling though it is unlikely in a fuel injected car.
		I wouldn't bother to run 100ll in a O2 sensored car when unleaded high octane gas is semi-reasonably available, but do recomend it as a lower cost high octane alternative to leaded race gas for anyone still running carbs or an open loop fuel injection system.
		There is nothing wrong with running 100LL in your car, as long as you plan to clean the lead deposits in the plugs, O2, and don't even think about running a cat...
	www.dsmtalk.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-40411.html (1688 words)

	General Aviation News
		He was wondering if he can use 100LL in his plane without any negative effects on tanks and other fuel system components, spark plug life, engine timing and oil selection.
		On these engines, you would be able to improve your power and fuel economy by advancing the timing when the engine is operated on the high octane 100LL fuel.
		If you use both 100LL and auto fuel, you may need to retard the timing whenever you operate on the lower octane auto fuel.
	www.generalaviationnews.com /editorial/articledetail.lasso?-token.key=12289&-token.src=index&-nothing (647 words)

	Honda-Tech.com: Forced Induction: 100LL Aviation fuel on turbo H22
		Hey guys, I have searched and found that this topic has been covered, but all posts were over 2 years old, and contained alot of speculation, hearsay, and very little actual experience.
		The reson is that I currently run 100 unleaded street legal race gas at $8 per gallon, while 100LL is going for $3.15.
		The lead in the fuel is actually a terrific lubricant, especially for the valves, and 100LL is of the utmost quality especially when compared to automotive gasoline.
	www.honda-tech.com /zerothread?id=2008290&postid=28330230 (1460 words)

	EAA AirVenture Oshkosh - Alternate Airports and Stops
		Heartland Aviation, www.heartlandaviation.com is our full service FBO and will offer a.25 cent discount on 100LL fuel and Jet A for all those flying to Oshkosh for EAA AirVenture 2007.
		Our self-serve 100LL is normally the best price in the area, and it is especially good when discounted for EAA events.
		Camp Guernsey, WY (7V6) - Self Serve 100LL - $3.02 as of 2/11/07 (Pilots be alert to the small restricted area just across the North Platte River east of the airport) No restaurant on the field, but a courtesy car is available for the short ride into town.
	www.airventure.org /2007/flying/alternate_airports.html (6095 words)

	EAA, COALITION LEAD DEVELOPMENT TO REPLACE LEADED AVIATION FUEL
		In 1995, only 250 million gallons of 100LL was produced, a mere.2 percent of all jet and motor gasoline produced.
		EAA is hard at work to ensure that the 100LL phase-out does not lead to a limited and expensive fuel supply for its current users.
		EAA's position regarding development of an unleaded replacement for 100LL is to utilize the largest pool of gasoline available, thereby providing the lowest cost and most environmentally sound fuel for recreational aviation.
	www.eaa.org /communications/eaanews/000630_avfuel.html (487 words)

	[No title]
		After 27 hours, a valve stuck, which eventually led to the rebuild/replacement of the A-65 (the crank problems not caused by 100LL, obviously.) I believe that there was a connection between the 100LL and the sticking valve, but have no way to confirm or disprove that impression.
		First off, the purpose of lead in a fuel is primarily to fill the role of an antiknock agent, preventing the unburnt end gases in the combustion chamber from spontaneously igniting and creating "knock." During the early days of the reciprocating engine, knock was a limiting factor in engine power and rpm.
		According to Peterson, one tank of 100LL every 100 hours is sufficient to keep the proper lead content to provide sufficient lubrication.
	aeronca.westmont.edu /aeronca/digest/orig/fuel (19000 words)

	Aviation Fuels: Chapter 7: Aviation Gasoline Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But when some of the older 80-octane-rated engines were fueled with Grade 100/130, they encountered spark plug fouling and exhaust valve deterioration because of its higher lead content.
		A lower lead content version of Grade 100/130 (Grade 100LL) was developed in an effort to create a single universal grade of avgas.
		Today avgas is used mainly by small airplanes and light helicopters, but there is also a significant number of military and civilian transports powered by large piston engines that use avgas.
	www.chevron.com /products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/7_ag_intro.shtm (837 words)

	AGE 85: Aviation Grade Ethanol - A Project Funded by The South Dakota Corn Utilization Council
		This modification will allow the Mooney to fly on AGE or 100LL and will be used for fuel efficiency testing.
		A new composite MT 3-bladed prop will be installed with the newly rebuilt engine to handle the increased horsepower resulting from the upgrade.
		The aircraft was flown to and from OSH on AGE but can also use 100LL.
	www.age85.org /ActiveProjects.htm (798 words)

	Racing Gas vs. 100LL AvGas - NASIOC
		Knowing that 100LL is anything but low-lead, I'm dubious as to whether or not it would be a good thing to run in a tuned WRX (isn't it an instant "bye-bye cat"?).
		But, for use in a WRX it's a real no-no as the 100LL contains 2ml of lead per gallon, and it will kill all three cats in very short order.
		It's only "low" compared to the wonderful 100 green gas that is now 3ml per gallon and used to be 8ml and rated 100/130 octane.
	forums.nasioc.com /forums/showthread.php?t=39909 (910 words)

	CGAR 2.0
		designed to burn 100LL typically experience a range reduction of 20 to 30% when burning AGE.
		100LL, AGE combustion yields a lower exhaust emission temperature than 100LL combustion.
		hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), versus 100LL.
	www.cgar.org /information_research.asp?E=1&PROJID=57 (1341 words)

	RV-List Archive Browser
		If 80/87 is not available at your airport using mogas (3 to 4 tanks for 1 tank of 100LL) should do just fine but watch for vapour lock at high altitude.
		Lead fouling is causes by an engine running to way too cold or by oil thru the rings which doesn't seems to be your case.
		However, if there is a disadvantage to using the 100LL, I will stop this practice, and be comforted in knowing that it will not give me grief on those occasions when I may not be able to obtain 80/87.
	www.matronics.com /archive/archive-get.cgi?RV-Archive.digest.vol-iv (9737 words)

	IAOPA information
		Fuel: 100LL, Texaco Jet A (thru West Indies Ltd.).
		Fuel: 100LL, Jet A. ISLAND--Andros Town-Fresh Creek (MYAF).
		Fuel: 100LL, Jet A. Noise abatement: In efct; ovrflt of populated areas blw 2,000 AGL prohibited; ovrflt of beaches blw 500 AGL prohibited.
	www.iaopa.org /proc/caairports/carairports.html (818 words)

	Seaplane Pilots Association - Forum
		I dont know if Mobergs is open yet or not, but you can get 100 LL at the east end of pokagama lake just on the south side of GPZ.
		Re: 100LL Fuel in Bemidji, MN Posted by Jackson on May 26, 2006
		Re: 100LL Fuel in Bemidji, MN Posted by Larry on May 29, 2006
	www.seaplanes.org /cgi-bin/forum/displaymsg.cgi?thread=3064&ts=121 (383 words)

	If i purchase 100LL Av gas what is the equivalent automotive... - Q&A
		If i purchase 100LL Av gas what is the equivalent automotive...
		100ll is at least 100 octane, LL means low lead, that is still in use for airplane.
		Pump gas has from 87 to 93 average.
	www.faqs.org /qa/qa-7842.html (233 words)

	Fuel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you are unable to get through to them on the phone call Tower and they will contact them for you.
		Give them your aircraft registration, where it is parked (usually Park 1) and what fuel you require (Avgas 100LL or Jet A1) and a fuel bowser (tanker) will come over.
		Sometimes there is a shortage of Avgas 100LL (usually during the month of June) and you may not get as much as you would like, or none at all.
	www.aopa-malta.org /frames/fuel.htm (354 words)

	The end of 100LL...... [Archive] - PPRuNe Forums
		With only.2 percent of the fuel market, 100LL is coming under increasing pressure from the environmentalists.
		Most of the damn things were designed to run on 80 octane anyway and suffered big problems when 100LL was introduced.
		Continuing with the sidestep, the Me110 was the Zerstorer (dubious spelling) although what it actually destroyed was it's own reputation.
	www.pprune.org /forums/archive/index.php/t-42816.html (698 words)

	Future of 100-LL Avgas
		Any such alternative must, by definition, be less-toxic than the TEL it replaces, which has been a problem with replacement additives such as Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE).
		Here are some of the factors which are making the demise of 100LL more likely, regardless of the EPA reprieve:
		That will result in declining usage, leading to further reductions in capacity, leading to yet-higher prices.
	www.epi-eng.com /ET-EndOf100LL.htm (210 words)

	Aviation Grade Ethanol-AGE85
		You pull up to a pump and you know what you are putting into your airplane..unlike autofuel which could be almost any of 70+ specs..not all are acceptable for aircraft use, and none (to my knowlege) contain Pentane to keep ethanol's high vapor pressure in check.
		If it requires extensive engine work for compatibility, won't work LOP, won't work in turbocharged engines, is closer in price to or more expensive than 100LL, has a bigger than 10% range penalty, or (the ultimate deal-breaker) needs TEL to work in any way, it's not much use.
		LOP or ROP doesn't seem to be a problem 100LL is detonation critical relative to AGE85 (it's only 85 because it is 15 pentane).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1626158/posts (4033 words)

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