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Topic: 113 BCE

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	Zhang Qian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zhang Qian (Chinese:張騫; died 113 BCE) was a Chinese explorer and imperial envoy in the 2nd century BCE, during the time of the Han Dynasty.
		Many objects were soon exchanged, and travelled as far as Guangzhou in the East, as suggested by the discovery of a Persian box and various artifacts from Central Asia in the 122 BCE tomb of the Chinese King Wen of Nanyue.
		Murals in Mogao Caves in Dunhuang describe the Emperor Han Wudi (156-87 BCE) worshipping Buddhist statues, explaining them as "golden men brought in 120 BCE by a great Han general in his campaigns against the nomads", although there is no other mention of Han Wudi worshipping the Buddha in Chinese historical litterature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhang_Qian (2078 words)

	Science Timeline
		In the second millenium bce, in the Rig-Veda it was maintained the Earth was a globe and in the Yajur-Veda that the Earth circled the Sun.
		About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
		By about 335 bce, Aristotle had said that universals are abstractions from particulars and that we "have knowledge of a scientific fact when we can prove that it could not be otherwise." But "since observation never shows whether this is the case," he established "reason rather observation at the center of scientific effort" (Park 1990:32).
	www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm (6591 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bactria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Approximate extent of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom circa 220 BCE.
		Apollodorus of Artemita was a Greek writer of the 1st century BCE.
		The weakness of the Greco-Bactrian empire was shown by its sudden and complete overthrow, first by the Sakas, and then by the Yuezhi (who later became known as Kushans), who had conquered Daxia (= Bactria) by the time of the visit of the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian, c.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bactria (2643 words)

	Maresha Dig Background
		In 40 BCE the Parthians devastated completely the "strong city", after which it was never rebuilt.
		It was erected in mid-third century BCE and was continually occupied until the final destruction of the city.
		One tomb in the southwestern necropolis was excavated in 1989 by Kloner; Greek inscriptions and pottery assemblages date it to the third and second centuries BCE as well.
	www.cobb.msstate.edu /dig/maresha/background.html (878 words)

	[No title]
		The BCE will be corrected by the student in class and will be submitted for credit at the end of the class period on the day the assignment is due.
		Please note that the number of the each BCE corresponds to the number of the grammar section in which the grammar point involved is explained.
		Tarea para el 7: Complete L.6 BCE sections 1 and 2 (132-133) and be prepared to correct them in class.
	www.cameron.edu /~teresal/SPAN3113/F04_SPAN3113_ORD.html (1034 words)

	DLD 113-50 - TELEGLOBE IS SOLD
		BCE Inc. (BCE: TSE, NYSE) has announced a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding common shares it currently does not own of Teleglobe Inc. (TGO: TSE, NYSE), for approximately C$9.65 billion (US$6.66 billion) in BCE shares.
		BCE's offer to Teleglobe's shareholders will be made in BCE common shares based on BCE's share price following the distribution of Nortel common shares to BCE's shareholders.
		BCE also has an extensive international presence through its ownership in Nortel Networks, a global leader in the design and building of communications networks, as well as through Teleglobe, an international telecommunications carrier.
	www.thedigest.com /113/113-99.html (1154 words)

	113 [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trajan starts an expedition against ParthiaThe Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE....
		113), better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome.
		113 BC) was a Chinese prince of the Han dynasty.
	www.wikimirror.com /113 (550 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: New Additions
		Aristophanes: The Acharnians 425 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS][added 1/27/99]
		Aristophanes: The Wasps 422 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS][added 1/27/99]
		Appian: The Funeral of Julius Caesar, 44 BCE [At this Site][added 7/2/98]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbooknew.html (2734 words)

	Narbonensis
		It was not until 102 BCE that he was able to bring in a large enough army to defeat the Teutones outside the walls of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provance) in Gaullia Transalpina.
		Victory was declared in 53 BCE, but a revolt in 52 and the conquest of Aquitania (Aquitane) in 51-50 extended the war a bit.
		In 22 BCE half of the fleet as transferred to the main western naval base at Misene in southern Italy.
	www.gloria-mundi.net /Setting/narbonensis.html (4434 words)

	Asian Art and Architecture: Art & Design 382/582
		(Lee produces a date for the Andhra dynasty of 220 BCE to 236 CE.) For the purpose of looking at design it is useful to distinguish two cultural periods during their rule: Early Andhra of c 50 BCE to c 50 CE and Later Andhra of c 50 to 320 CE.
		In Lee 113 we see the set up in Calcutta, where there is one arched gateway (torana) and nearly a quadrant of the railing.
		At some time in the Shunga era a second stupa was built on the path leading up to the hill top, while the first stupa was doubled in size to about 112’ in diameter while a set of railings was built around it with openings in the four cardinal directions.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/arth382/lecture6.html (6462 words)

	Roman History from 121 to 79 BCE: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Marius served in 90 BCE as legate under Rutilius Lupus the consul.
		And as for Sulla, all his friends were put to death, his house was razed to the ground, his property was declared forfeit and he was declared an enemy of the state.
		Battle of the Colline Gate 1st November 82 BCE [Appian I.80-96] Praeneste surrendered and Marius II had his head hung in the forum.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/rome/politics02.html (1029 words)

	index_bce_199_100
		(c.200-190 BCE): Demetrios, king of Bactria, is said to have briefly established an extensive empire in the Punjab and the Indus Valley.
		(c.100's BCE - 000's CE) becomes the regional successor to the Mauryas in the northeast: Met Museum.
		The gallery has provided a discussion of her probable origins; it's a good illustration of how such wonderful pieces are studied and dated.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/bce_199_100/index_bce_199_100.html (348 words)

	Noricum - Province of the Roman Empire
		In approximately 200 BCE, an alliance of 13 of these tribes established the first Celtic Kingdom in Europe, supported by a Council of Elders of all the represented tribes.
		In 48 BCE during the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey, the Noricans threw in the full weight of this considerable industry to Caesar’s cause.
		With the death of Voccio in 16 BCE, Noricum became a full client Kingdom to Rome and would eventually be established as a full province under the Emperor Claudius in the mid 1st Century CE.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/noricum.php (826 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pytheas is believed to have left Massalia around 330 BCE and travelled to Britain, then Iceland, and a little further beyond to the north before turning around and penetrating east into the Baltic Sea.
		(a) 113-101 BCE: The Cimbri in northern Jutland (Denmark).
		The Cimbri were once a powerful nation (tribe) that laid waste to various consular armies that defending the Empire (113, 109, 107, 105), but were no match for the professional army of Marius (102-101) by the time that the Cimbri and their allies had reached the Italian Alps.
	www.anctil.org /users/eric/rs-notes.html (15905 words)

	Chronology of Asian maritime history
		C4th BCE: A lodestone compass was mentioned in the Chinese Book of the Devil Valley Master, 'they carry a south-pointer with them so as not to lose their way'.
		113 BCE: The Han emperor Wudi sent a fleet with 100,000 soldiers to suppress a rebellion in Guangzhou.
		C1st BCE: A blue glass bowl excavated in a Han tomb in Guangzhou is probably Roman, made on the southern shores of the Mediterranean in the C1st BCE.
	www.maritimeasia.ws /topic/chronology.html (14220 words)

	Greek coins
		Parion, Mysia, 3/4 drachm, gorgon @480 BCE (3.12 gm)
		He participated in incessant warfare with his half-brother Antiochos IX and poisoned his mother Cleopatra in retaliation for her attempt to poison him.
		In keeping with the soap opera, He was murdered in 96 BCE and Antiochos IX was murdered the following year by his nephew Seleukos VI who was subsequently driven out of Antioch by his cousin Antiochos X etc. etc.
	tjbuggey.ancients.info /Greek2.html (1477 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Aristotle was a famous Greek thinker (died in 322 B.C.E.), a student of Plato, whose interpretation of what constitutes reality (metaphysics, ontology) and of how reality is organized was widely influential both in ancient times and in the “medieval” period of Judaism and Christianity, influenced by the “classical” period of Islamic learning.
		In 586 BCE Babylonia conquered the Kingdom of Judah.
		Jewish folk hero around 1000 B.C.E., to whom many biblical psalms are attributed and who is credited with politically and militarily uniting the ancient Israelite amphictyony into a centralized kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/gloss.html (12261 words)

	SELEUCID EMPIRE
		Claimed to be another son of Antiochus IV, swept to power with support of Ptolemy of Egypt and Attalos of Pergamon.
		Following an abortive attack on Ptolemaic Egypt he lost the northern part of his Kingdom to the usurper Alexander Zebina, and in 125 BCE was murdered in Tyre.
		Was driven from Antioch in by cousin Antiochus X in 94 BCE.
	members.bellatlantic.net /~vze3xycv/RulersCoins/seleucidPic.htm (1921 words)

	From Hyrcanus to Salome Alexandra
		After his death in 76 BCE, in accordance with his will, his widow Alexandra assumed political power, and her son Hyrcanus II became the High Priest.
		Alexandra’s reign was peaceful and one of prosperity; she died in 67 BCE.
		Antiochus VIII Gryphus rules the Seleucid kingdom until 113 BCE, when he is deposed by Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, son of Antiochus VII Sidetes and step-brother and cousin of Antiochus VIII Gryphus, who rules for two years.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist4.htm (3481 words)

	Notes on Roman Politics
		After the restoration of the power of the tribunes in the consulship of Pompey and Crassus, this very important office was obtained by certain men whose youth intensified their natural aggressiveness.
		By the late second century BCE, there were two assemblies where adult Roman male citizens voted for candidates in elections and for proposed legislation, the Assembly of the Centuries and the Assembly of the Tribes (see Roman Government).
		Julius Caesar began a large building for the electoral process in this area, the Saepta Julia, which was completed by Marcus Agrippa in 26 BCE during the reign of Augustus.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/politics.html (754 words)

	Art of Ancient Greece
		The Greek "bronze age" is the time that Homer described, immortalizing the Greek heros, gods and goddesses.The time period is approximately 1000 bce, through the "Archaic" period and up to about 600 bce.
		The Greek 'classical period' is dated to approximately 380 bce, and is followed by the 'hellenistic era,' up to the conquering by the Romans.
		"Kore" from Chios, c.520 bce is carved in marble and is 27 1/2" in height.
	www.accd.edu /sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Greek1.htm (309 words)

	Ontario Securities Commission: Rules & Regulation: Orders & Rulings - In the Matter of Bimcor Inc. - Order - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The units of the Master Trust are held only by the Bell Canada Pension Fund, the BCE Pension Fund and other registered pension plans, the participants in which are employees of one or more corporations in the BCE group.
		At all times, the New Fund will restrict its investments in BCE Inc. or in a BCE Affiliate to not more than 10% of the book value of the assets of the New Fund and will comply with the other investment requirements of the PBSA.
		The DC Pension Plans and the Master Trust are also permitted under the PBSA to invest more than 10% of their net assets in a mutual, pooled or segregated fund provided that the mutual, pooled or segregated fund complies with the investment requirements of the PBSA.
	www.osc.gov.on.ca /Regulation/Orders/2002/ord_20020524_223_bimcorinc.jsp (1230 words)

	seleucidas, antioco, berenice,alexander the great,
		Antiochus IV, 175-164 BCE, Tetradrachm, AR, 16.9g, 1 1/16" dia., AR, Ake mint, Judas Maccabee defeated Antiochus IV and cleansed temple.
		Epiphanes means "God made manifest" Younger son of Antiochus III the Great, invaded Egypt but withdrew because of pressure from Rome.
		Tetradrachm, 86-85 BCE, Diademed head right / Cult statue of Haddad standing facing on double basis, flanked by two bull foreparts, holding grain stalk in right hand.
	www.uned.es /geo-1-historia-antigua-universal/ALEJANDRO%20MAGNO/alejandro_DINASTIA_SELEUCIDAS.htm (2150 words)

	AP Art History
		By the sixth century BCE, a group of people known as the Etruscans controlled a large and powerful empire near the coast of Italy, around what is now Rome.
		The Etruscans successfully ruled until they were overthrown by the Romans in 281 BCE.
		Republican sculpture was characterized by a rise in the number of official and private images.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /llefler/ch6ah.htm (762 words)

	The History of Jerusalem -- The Stairway to Heaven: The Rise of Herod
		The internal power struggle which reflects their perception of Mount Moriah as the source of power was ultimately decided by the intervention of the Roman empire.
		In 63 BCE Pompey conquered the Temple Mount and Jerusalem bringing an end to the short era of political independence provided by the Hasmonean kings.
		In 40 BCE the Hasmonean ethnarch Antigonus, emulating his glorious ancestor Judah, rebelled against Rome and announced the independence of his kingdom from Roman rule.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/juice/2000/jerusalem/j3k-6.html (2791 words)

	Long Annular Solar Eclipses: 1001 to 2000
		The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively.
		Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates.
		Thus, the year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and year -100 corresponds to 101 BCE, etc..
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEcatmax/SE1001-2000MaxA.html (798 words)

	Human sacrifice in Ancient Rome
		The practice of human sacrifice was prohibited by senatorial decree in 97 BCE under the consulship of P. Licinius Crassus.
		In the year 483 BCE Vestal Oppia was so buried as unchaste, but Livy (2.42) makes clear that this was really a sacrifice made to appease the gods when bad omens appeared.
		The burials of the Gauls and Greeks in 216 and 113 followed shortly after the burials of Vestal Virgins.
	home.tiscali.be /mauk.haemers/collegium_religionis/human_sacrifice.htm (1984 words)

	AJ6 Israel Tour 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alexander the Great's conquest of Judea in 332 BCE brought Greek culture to the region, and Maresha grew.
		This pluralism ended during the Hasmonean reign of John Hyrcanus I in 113 BCE when he destroyed much of the city.
		The town was finally dessimated by the Parthians in 40 BCE.
	www.aj6.org /israel03/issue3.html (887 words)

	Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		600 BCE - Goidelic-speaking Celts from Spain arrive in Ireland
		387 BCE - Celtic Gauls defeat Rome at Alia
		113 BCE - War between Rome and Celtiberians
	www.mindtravel.com /gael/time.html (240 words)

	AH 208 (Andrzejewski): Week 1 Study Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ICTINOS and CALLICRATES, Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 447-438 BCE (chapter 2, fig.
		CALLICRATES, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 420 BCE (Chapter 2, fig.
		Choragic Monument to Lysicrates, Athens, Greece, 335 BCE (Chapter 2, fig.
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah208/studyguidewk01.html (118 words)

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