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Topic: 115 BCE

	Indo-Scythians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Around 175 BCE, the Yuezhi tribes (probable related to the Tocharians) who lived in modern day Gansu, were defeated by the Xiongnu (Huns) tribes, and had to migrate towards the West into the Ili river area.
		Sometime after 155 BCE, the Yuezhi were again defeated by an alliance of the Wusun and the Xiongnu, and were forced to move south, again displacing the Scythians, who migrated south towards Bactria, and south-west towards Parthia and Afghanistan.
		The presence of the Scythians in north-western India during the 1st century BCE was contemporary with that of the Indo-Greek Kingdoms there, and it seems they initially recognized the power of the local Greek rulers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Scythians (2604 words)

	life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gaius Marius was born c.157 BCE in Cirrhaeaton, near Arpinium.
		Marius was elected urban praetor in 115 BCE, and, soon after, married Julia the aunt of Julius Caesar (whom Plutarch claims was strongly influenced by Marius, p.18).
		Marius became increasingly disconcerted with Metellus as the campaign war on, and in 107 BCE returned to Rome and was elected Consul for the first time.
	vassun.vassar.edu /~jolott/old_courses/republic1998/marius/life.htm (490 words)

	Ethnic Identity, On–line Exhibit
		Ten texts excavated from Tebtunis witness the gradual replacement of the Egyptian nomenclature of a man who first appears in the texts as Maron (itself a Hellenized form of the Egyptian Marres) alias Nektsaphthis, son of Petosiris.
		Although the end of each line is missing, making it difficult to translate, the letter concerns the security of the nome's desert approaches guarded by the aforementioned Arabs together with mercenary soldiers and police.
		Willy Clarysse's analysis of the personal names of Samareia's known residents in the third and second centuries BCE suggests that at least half were of Jewish origin.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/clar_ex2.html (2471 words)

	History Indo-greek Kingdom - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The 1st century BCE Greek historian Apollodorus, quoted by Strabo, affirms that the Bactrian Greeks, led by Demetrius I and Menander, conquered India and occupied a larger territory than the Macedonians under Alexander the Great, going beyond the Hypanis towards the Himalayas.
		The first invasion was completed by 175 BCE, as the Indo-Greeks contained the Sungas to the area eastward of Pataliputra, and established their rule on the new territory.
		A 2nd century BCE relief from a Buddhist stupa in Bharhut, in eastern Madhya Pradesh (today at the Indian Museum in Calcutta), represents a foreign soldier with the curly hair of a Greek and the royal headband with flowing ends of a Greek king.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/indo-greek_kingdom.php (4421 words)

	Women in power 500- CE. 1
		The ruling dynasty of the Bosporan Kingdom (see Crimea) from the end of the 1st century BCE on was Sarmatian in origin, and probably belonged to the Roxolanoi originally.
		About 115 BCE, she was deposed and thrown into prison by her son.
		During the reign of Emperor Wu Di (BCE 140-86) she companied Princess Xieyou as her lady-in-waiting on her bridal journey to marry the chieftain of the Wusun tribe in the Western Regions.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /womeninpower/Womeninpower00000.htm (4889 words)

	[No title]
		[BCE] Kuhn, R. Speech recognition and the frequency of recently used words: A modified Markov model for natural language.
		[BCE] Nakamura, J. On the methodologies of quantitative groupings of English texts.
		[BCE] Renouf, A. The elicitation of spoken English.
	nora.hd.uib.no /icame/icame-bib2.txt (4840 words)

	Rhetoric 115
		According to the XU course description booklet, the purpose of English 115: Rhetoric is to provide the student with an “intensive theoretical and practical study of discourse.” Throughout the course of the semester, you, we, will attempt to accomplish both of those goals by studying the theory and application of rhetoric.
		In Rhetoric 115 I will encourage you to see both sides of the arguments that you will read and write.
		It is important to be able to understand both sides, not only to make a better argument, but to expand your view of the world and the diverse issues and opinions that create it.
	www.fisanick.com /rhetoric.html (359 words)

	THE EMPIRE OF ARSACID DYNASTY - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		About 115 BCE he received an embassy from the Emperor of China and the two rulers concluded a treaty designed to facilitate the movement of international commerce, in which Iran, as a transit state, formed a vitally important link.
		In this battle, fought at Carrhae in 53 BCE, the combined Iranian forces of heavy cavalry and mounted bowmen carried the day and proved superior to the Roman army, which had no mounted formations.
		During the reign of Phraates IV c.37 BCE Antony mounted a major invasion of the territories of the Parthian Empire.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/parthian.htm (2592 words)

	Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 743 BCE the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III led an expedition to Syria to fight the growing power of Urartu.
		I have not seen any names of rulers or satraps of this place, but the roll-call of cultures and empires to have occupied the site over the last 3600 years or so is compelling enough to record it here.
		To rid the Mediterranean of pirates he introduced legislation in the Senate [67 BCE] that made Pompey supreme commander of the sea and all territory within a 50 mile radius.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Syria.html (2491 words)

	C. Julius Caesar - a biography in twelve parts
		Since Caesar's opponents were afraid of him, the senators took care that provinces of the smallest importance would be assigned to him; they could not run the risk of letting Caesar secure a province involving the command of an army.
		Caesar counteracted by forming the First Triumvirate, or, to use the more adequate term that was coined by the historian Titus Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE), a conspiracy against the state by its three leading citizens.
		Crassus (115-53 BCE) had started as a colonel in Sulla's army, and had been able to make lots of money under his regime.
	www.livius.org /caa-can/caesar/caesar03.html (805 words)

	Celtic Warriors
		The paintings, done by McBride, are based on literary descriptions and archeological finds and are said to be as accurate as possible at this time.
		One of the earliest coins of the Roman Republic having a Celtic subject is a Denarius of M. Sergius Silus (116-115 BCE, Crawford 286)
		Caesar may have choose the axe to show since it was one of the symbols of the pontificate, and alludes to Caesar as Pontifex Maximus.
	www.kernunnos.com /culture/warriors (942 words)

	History 1501
		Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai and the Defeat of the Persians under Cyrus
		Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): On the Kings of Sparta, c.
		Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Polity of the Spartans, c.
	www.gpc.edu /~proseman/1111HonPriSodirs.htm (2043 words)

	Turkey Substates
		Artemisia is said to have returned to Halicarnassus and ruled till her own son was of age, her kingdom prospering from her good relations with Persia.
		Artemisia's popularity and fame was such that many of the wives of the Kings of Halicarnassus were named after her till well into the 4th century BCE.
		BCE 43-28 Regent Dowager Queen Polemakratia of Asten and Odryseem (Thrakia).
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /turkey_substates.htm (787 words)

	Macedonian Rulers
		This space/timeline is a schematic diagram of the tenure of major protagonists in the power struggles that shaped the history of Hellenism in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last 3 centuries BCE.
		It begins with the election of Philip II as leader (hegemon) of the league of Greek city states and ends with the death of Cleopatra VII in Egypt.
		Hellenistic World After the Breakup of Alexander's Empire 310 BCE - map posted for Barry D. Smith's course on The Intertestamental Period (Atlantic Baptist U).
	virtualreligion.net /iho/macedon.html (559 words)

	Solar Eclipses of Saros 115
		olar eclipses of Saros 115 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse.
		The total duration of Saros series 115 is 1280.14 years.
		However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros115.html (922 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Rome
		The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BCE [At Athenapub]
		Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853.
		A Roman Harvest Sacrifice, from Cato, On Agriculture 134, 160 BCE [At enteract.com]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook09.html (3375 words)

	Yinyang (Yin-yang) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The earliest Chinese characters for yin and yang are found in inscriptions made on “oracle bones” (skeletal remains of various animals used in ancient Chinese divination practices at least as early as the 14th century BCE).
		He lists this yinyang school alongside five others (Confucian, Mohist, Legalist, Fatalist, and Daoist) and defines its theory as “the investigation of the shu [art] of yin and yang.” According to him, this school focused on omens of luck and explored the patterns of the four seasons.
		The Han dynasty chronicle Shiji (Records of the Historian) lists Zou Yan (305-240 BCE) as a representative of the yinyang school who possessed a profound knowledge of the theory of yinyang and wrote about a hundred thousand words on it.
	www.iep.utm.edu /y/yinyang.htm (3238 words)

	Arabia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Apparently migrating out of Mesopotamia sometime before 700 BCE, they were noted as brigands by land and pirates by sea when they were not shipping incense.
		To Saba, and thence (c 25 BCE) to Himyar, the Caliphs (631) and (819) Yemen...
		A powerful state flourishing from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE, and which held much of south Arabia at various times, it lost cohesion upon the emergence of Himyar, and was eventually absorbed by the newer state.
	www.hostkingdom.net /arabia.html (3698 words)

	"Sacred Prostitutes" by Johanna Stuckey
		When the archives of Ugarit, an ancient Semitic-speaking city in Syria, began to be interpreted, it quickly became evident that the religion of Ugarit was similar to the Canaanite religion vilified in the Hebrew Bible.
		Thousands of clay tablets dated to the Late Bronze Age, 1300-1200 BCE (Astour 1981:4), were found to contain, among other things, lists of gods, offerings, and religious functionaries (del Olmo Lete 1999; de Tarragon 1980).
		None of the priestly titles in the texts is grammatically in the feminine gender (de Tarragon 1980:7,8,139ff.), but they could have included women if the masculine form included the feminine, as it used to do in English.
	www.matrifocus.com /SAM05/spotlight.htm (2583 words)

	www
		Apparently, Rome was ruled by seven kings from 753 BCE until 509 BCE, when Tarquinius Superbus was defeated in a popular rebellion.
		Beginning in 443 BCE these distinctions were recorded by two censors, upon the taking of the census.
		Was elected tribune of the people in 133 BCE, and fought for reforms of benefit to the plebeians.
	www.meadowthorpe.fcps.net /STLP/www.romania.com.htm (13437 words)

	Works part A.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There is clearly room for an "earlier" Dong, since by that time Dong had been at court or in court service for a dozen years, and was probably in his sixties.
		Coming to the time of Han Emperor Jing, Shou and his disciple Huwu (Zidu), a man of Qi, then wrote it down on bamboo and silk, and gave it to Dong Zhongshu, all made manifest in the charts and prognostication texts.
		Five generations (of sons, not disciples, it should be noted) is far too short to cover this space of time: the more orthodox account of Gongyang transmission goes through five generations of disciples in the century and a quarter between the death of Dong Zhongshu and the end of Former Han.
	s92518733.onlinehome.us /dong/works_part_A.html (7913 words)

	Roman World - Web Links
		The Italian Peninsula: 1000 BCE - 1 CE (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
		The Romans, 262-113 BCE: Conquest of the Mediterranean (AandE)
		50 BCE: Ancestor Shrine of a Wealthy Household, Pompeii
	www.historyteacher.net /EuroCiv/Weblinks/Weblinks-2-RomanWorld.htm (594 words)

	Wars between the Jews and Romans
		in 115, the Levantine Jews revolted against emperor Trajan
		Therefore, in 115 CE, he attacked Armenia and the kingdom of the Parthians.
		His operations were a brilliant success, and he was to be the only Roman emperor to sail on the Persian Gulf.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar06.html (801 words)

	ARAB CIVILIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WEST By Dr. ABDULLAH MOHAMMAD SINDI
		One of the earliest and most important of all pre-Islamic Arab civilizations is the Qahtani Kingdom of Saba or Sheba (10th century BCE – 7th century CE), which had an elaborate civilization, legendary in its reputation of prosperity and wealth.
		However, the tragic breaking of the Ma'rib Dam around 575, as indicated in the Qur'an, was an event of very traumatic proportions in the collective consciousness of all Arabs at the time and of later generations.
		The Arab Kingdom of Himyar (115 BCE to 525 CE), which was also located in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, had a sizable number of Arab Christians and Arab Jews (not Hebrews).
	www.abbc.net /sindi/arab.htm (12583 words)

	Somaliland.Org
		As it is already known, local peoples in the area of Somaliland, and more generally in the area of the elapsed Somalia, and the Horn of Africa area down to the coast of present day Mozambique, did not develop scriptures of their own in the pre-Christian and even the Pre-Islamic Antiquity.
		For a period going from 525 BCE (Iranian invasion of Egypt and the north of Sudan) to around 115 BCE (when the combined forces of Himyar and Sheba invaded the Yemenite kingdom of Qataban), we have uninterruptedly increased commercial and cultural exchanges throughout the vast area of the aforementioned network area.
		The rise of Sheba and Himyar at the prejudice of the wealthy and maritime Qataban proved to be a rather negative development for Yemen, since the two countries had no significant maritime tradition.
	www.somaliland.org /ns.asp?ID=05081701 (2469 words)

	Assign245/02/10/97
		For Tuesday's class, please bring your compass and straightedge (ruler).
		572-497 BCE: Pythagoras - leader of "brotherhood" with motto "All is number"
		Approximately 300 BCE: Euclid - probably first mathematician at Library of Alexandria,
	newton.uor.edu /facultyfolder/beery/math115/day9.htm (529 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cultural exchange between China and the West began at least as early as the second century BCE, as Roman traders traveled the Silk Road into northern China.
		In 115 BCE, Chinese emperor Han Wudi (r.
		This concern has led some not only to revisit the heritage of Western vitalism, to alternate formulations of qi, all with interpretive lenses one should say.
	www.sociologyesoscience.com /historyacupuncture.html (1227 words)

	Greek Silver coins
		Massalia 4th century BCE, AR obol (0.57 gm) 12x10 mm = see my comments on the Miletos coin on the next page.
		Rev: Anchor with crayfish and A in angles.
		Alexander III (the Great) Tetradrachm Thrace, Mesembria mint @310 BCE 27 mm, 16.43g.
	tjbuggey.ancients.info /Greek.html (1750 words)

	History Of Sheba (Sabaean) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Despite the Assyrian and the Babylonian expansion in the East and the North of the peninsula (Yathribu was the summer residence of the Babylonian Nabonid Kings in the 6th century BCE), Sheba was too far for the Sargonid Assyrian empire and the Nabonid Babylonian royal pretensions.
		During all these long centuries, the peoples and the tribes of ancient Sheba could not be kept united under the scepter of a descendant of the famous Queen Balqis.
		Yet, writing was introduced as early as the 6th century BCE, or to put it better, it was invented!
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/686729 (1708 words)

	a10Han_Xiongnu.html (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu) Confederation (209 BCE to 155 CE)
		Why does Barfield feel that the Xiongnu had the upper hand in the relationship?
		Alliance of peace and kinship (Heqin/Ho-ch’in), 198 BCE
	www.ship.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~jkskaf/China-Traditional/a10Han_Xiongnu.html (47 words)

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