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Topic: 11th millennium BC

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Palaeolithic

12th millennium BC

1st century BC

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7th millennium AD

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10th millennium BC

9th millennium BC

Jomon

Holocene

5th millennium BC

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8th millennium BC

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	History of ceramic \| Pottery \| Potters wheel \| Ceramics \| Egypt \| Greece \| Iran \| Turkey
		The painted ware of the 4th millennium, with geometric and animal figures on red, brown, and buff bodies, was not of the same high standard.
		There, the Chavín style (which reached its height from about 800 bc to about 400 bc), with its jaguar motifs, was succeeded in the Classic period (1st millennium ad) by one of the finest pre-Columbian potteries, that of the Mochica culture of the north coast.
		In the Mississippi Valley the Mound Builders of the 1st millennium bc produced painted, modeled, and incised ware.
	ceramic-studio.net /ceramic-history (1136 words)

	Ancient Districts of Asia Minor and Anatolia
		In the 7th and 6th centuries BC the cities of Ionia were involved in a series of wars with the kings of Lydia, to whom Ionia yielded a nominal submission.
		Early in the 1st millennium BC it is believed to have comprised the greater part of the Anatolian Peninsula, but at the time of the Persian invasion in the 6th century BC it was limited to the districts known as Lesser Phrygia and Greater Phrygia.
		On his overthrow in 66 BC by the Roman general Pompey the Great, the kingdom was divided, the western portion being joined to the province of Bithynia in a Roman province known as Pontus and Bithynia and the eastern region being assigned to native princes.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /sites/ancient_districts.htm (3048 words)

	Civilization - WebArticles.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By the 6th millennium BC, organized and permanent settlements in regions of Africa were producing artifacts of metal to replace prior ones made of stone.
		The earliest settlement in Jericho (9th millennium BC) was a PPNA culture that eventually gave way to more developed settlements later, which included in one early settlement (8th millennium BC) mud-brick houses surrounded by a stone wall, having a stone tower built into the wall.
		By the 4th millennium BC, in Nippur we find, in connection with a sort of ziggurat and shrine, a conduit built of bricks, in the form of an arch.
	www.webarticles.com /print.php?id=108 (2283 words)

	History of ceramic \| Palaeolithic Pottery \| Potters wheel \| Ceramics \| Egypt \| Greece \| Iran \| Turkey
		Harappian sealer, 2500-2000 BC Pottery found in the Japanese islands has been dated, by uncalibrated radiocarbon dating, to around the 11th millennium BC, in the Japanese Palaeolithic at the beginning of the Jomon period.
		First made about 2000 bc, it is characterized by a dark green or blue glaze over a body high in powdered quartz, somewhat closer to glass than to true ceramics.
		By about 3000 BC a simple revolving wheel is a part of the potter’s equipment in Mesopotamia, the cradle of so many innovations.
	ceramic-studio.net /ceramic-history/czech-republic (2791 words)

	Background Info \| Albania Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		The Greeks arrived in the 7th century BC, set up self governing colonies and in the main traded peacefully with the Illyrians, who set up their own tribal states by the 4th century BC.
		The Romans spread their rule to the whole of the Balkans by 167 BC, and in the main Illyria enjoyed peace and prosperity - as long as you weren't one of the slaves working on the agricultural estates.
		In the 11th century, the Byzantines, Bulgarians and Normans squabbled over the northern region of Illyria, which, before Roman times, had stretched north to the Danube.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/europe/albania/essential?a=culture (1202 words)

	Korona
		The alphabetic writing that was adopted from the Phoenicians in the 8th century BC in Greece proper was introduced to Cyprus as late as the early 4th century BC.
		In the period under discussion, and in particular in the 9th century BC we witness the arrival of the Phoenicians in Cyprus, who probably came here from their land (modern Lebanon) because they were harassed by the Assyrians.
		It was reverted to Roman rule in 30 BC and in 22 BC became a Senatorial Province.
	www.korona.com.cy /english/placing/cyprus_history.htm (5737 words)

	Millennium Special: Dragon's Chronicle: Road of Chinese Civilization
		For most human beings, the coming year 2001 is the first year of the third millennium, but for the Chinese, it represents the beginning of the sixth millennium of an ancient civilization.
		China's second millennium began in the 21st century BC with the founding of the Xia Dynasty, the country's first dynasty, which had cultivated the most splendid civilization at that time, known as the bronze culture.
		China's fifth millennium began in the 11th century with famous reform aimed at re-building the strong country.
	english.people.com.cn /english/200012/26/eng20001226_58865.html (1018 words)

	TIMELINE page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		Cosmic History:14 Billion BC to 3000 BC
		4th Millennium BC: Iceman of the Alps, Old Kingdom Egypt
		1st Millennium BC: Homer, Buddha, Confucius, Euclid
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline.html (305 words)

	A short history of India
		During the second millennium BC Aryan and Dravidian tribes migrate from the northwest into the subcontinent.
		Between 273 BC and 232 BC it is united in the Principality of Magadha.
		From the 11th to the 15th centuries, southern India was dominated by Hindu Chola and Vijayanagar dynasties.
	www.electionworld.org /history/india.htm (1126 words)

	History of METALLURGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		From about 7000 BC a few neolithic communities begin hammering copper into crude knives and sickles, which work as well as their stone equivalents and last far longer.
		By 4000 BC deep shafts are cut into the hillside at Rudna Glava, in the Balkans, to excavate copper ore. This robbing of the earth's treasures is carried out with due solemnity.
		A few iron objects dating from before 2000 BC have been found (beads, a ring, some blades), but it is not until about 1500 BC that the working of iron is done anywhere on a regular basis.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab16 (1308 words)

	Jomon period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Based on archaeological evidence, between 35,000 BC and 30,000 BC Homo sapiens had migrated to the islands from eastern and southeastern Asia and had well-established patterns of hunting and gathering and stone toolmaking.
		These two periods correspond to the prehistoric thermal optimum (between 4000 and 2000 BC), when temperatures reached several degrees Celsius higher than the present, and the seas were higher by 5 to 6 meters.
		After 1500 BC, the climate cooled, and populations seem to have contracted dramatically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jomon_period (1364 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.09.83
		Work on the Aceramic Neolithic of Cyprus, documenting an archaeological record that goes back to the late 11th millennium BC, is so recent that there are already several major publications that were not available to Steel when she was writing her text.
		It must be emphasized here that during the mid 9th millennium BC, in what is now being called the Cypro-Early PPNB, there was a full-scale settlement of the island by a farming community almost certainly coming from southeastern Anatolia.
		The initial settlement of Cyprus by a PPNB farming community in the mid 9th millennium BC opens up a wholly new chapter in the early maritime history of the eastern Mediterranean.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2005/2005-09-83.html (4594 words)

	Art History
		The earliest figurine discovered was in Morocco dating between 500,000 and 300,000 BC, during the Middle Acheulean period.
		Archeological evidence of art found in Japan, suggests the Jomon people were the first to develop pottery sometime in history around the 11th millennium BC.
		Mesolithic statues of Lepenski Vir at the Iron Gate, Serbia and Montenegro date to the 7th millennium BC.
	www.paralumun.com /art.htm (340 words)

	Greek History
		B.C.) by small settlements who were dedicated to the Mother Earth deity.
		The worship of Apollo as the god of light, harmony, and order was established between the 11th and 9th centuries.
		Archaeological evidence testifies to the island's habitation since the 7th millennium BC After the 5th millennium BC we find the first evidence of hand-made ceramic pottery which marks the beginning of the civilization Evans, the famed archaeologist who excavated Knossos, named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos.
	www.ancient-greece.org /history.html (173 words)

	The Ancient History of the Arabian Peninsula
		During the 6th and 5th millennium BC the peoples of Ubaid in Mesopotamia and the Arabian Neolithic met and interacted.
		From the late 4th millennium BC there are references in the earliest Mesopotamia texts to a place named Dilmun (Bahrain).
		In the 11th century BC land routes through Arabia were greatly improved by using the camel as a beast of burden and frankincense was carried from its production centre at Qana to Gaza in Egypt.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Arabia.html (731 words)

	History of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian Pyramids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Along the Nile, in 10th millennium BC, a grain-grinding culture using the earliest type of sickle blades had been replaced by another culture of hunters, fishers, and gathering peoples using stone tools.
		Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, eventually forming the Sahara (c.2500 BC), and early tribes naturally migrated to the Nile river where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralized society (see Nile: History).
		By 6000 BC ancient Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings.
	www.joinafrica.com /countries1/Egypt/historyancientegypt.htm (587 words)

	Assyrian American Association of Modesto, Ca, USA
		Assyria was a dependency of Babylonia and later of the Mitanni kingdom during most of the 2nd millennium BC.
		It was restored briefly in the 11th century BC by Tiglath-pileser I, but during the following period both Assyria and its rivals were preoccupied with the incursions of the seminomadic Aramaeans.
		The Assyrian kings began a new period of expansion in the 9th century BC, and from the mid-8th to the late 7th century BC, a series of strong Assyrian kings--among them Tiglath-pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, and Esarhaddon--united most of the Middle East, from Egypt to the Persian Gulf, under Assyrian rule.
	www.aaamodesto.org (262 words)

	About Celtic Myths
		When Germanic tribes began their migration during the second century BC, the Celts were pressured and forced to seek refuges further west of the Rhine and south of the Danube.
		By 410 BC, with shrinkage of Western Roman Empire, Honorius withdrew the legions garrisoned in Britannia.
		According to a 1st century BC Greek poet, Parthenius, the Celts were descendants of Heracles.
	www.timelessmyths.com /celtic/aboutceltic.html (2275 words)

	Civilization - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Medical institutions are known to have been established in Egypt since as early as circa 3000 BC (see History of medicine: Egyptian medicine), and ancient Egyptians were already producing ceramics as early as 3500 BC (see Faience).
		The degree to which Aegean civilization is autochthonous, having emerged from the culture of Old Europe, or is derived from Afroasiatic cultures of Egypt and the Levant is subject to debate.
		Chinese (Sinic) civilization: emerged in the second millennium BCE in northern China, later spread to the rest of China, Korea, and Japan.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=6258 (3724 words)

	Egypt - The Lost Civilisation Theory
		In ‘Heaven’s Mirror’ (1998), Graham Hancock tried to argue that the date 10500 BC was encoded also at the ancient Cambodian site of Angkor Wat (the temples, he alleged, were in the image of the constellation Draco at exactly 10500 BC).
		Bauval and Hancock went on to accuse the BBC of bias, and their complaint was upheld in one respect (although not in the majority of respects) by an independent commission.
		In my view, this obsession with 10500 BC has done great harm, and continues to do great harm, to the cause of those, such as myself, who would make a serious challenge to official dogma on the origin of the Giza pyramids and the history of civilisation.
	www.eridu.co.uk /Author/egypt/lost.html (1613 words)

	Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The matriarch of the family on the threshold of the new millennium, reaching across two generations to share her life with the youngsters.
		The Millennium Foundation of Canada is the first organization in the world dedicated solely to the creation of legacies to mark the year 2000 - legacies for the planet and for future generations.
		Millennium Vancouver 2000 (MV2000), a non-profit organization, has for three years been planning a series of concerts, celebrations, educational and legacy projects around the turn of the millennium in the city of Vancouver.
	www.millenniumworld.org /North_Central_America/canada.html (5269 words)

	Astronomy Boy: Millennium 2001 -- The REAL start of the New Millennium
		The new millennium, as defined by the Gregorian Calendar used in most of the world, actually began on January 1, 2001, not January 1, 2000.
		This is sometimes called the "odometer effect" because many automobile owners perceive the rollover of their mileage indicators to include a long string of zeroes as a milestone of sorts.
		This very real problem was erroneously called the "millennium bug" during much of the reporting on the subject.
	www.astronomyboy.com /millennium (975 words)

	Iran
		The Iranians, who supplanted an earlier agricultural civilization, came from the E during the 2d millennium BC; they were an Indo-European group related to the Aryans of India.
		In 549 BC Cyrus the Great united the Medes and Persians in the Persian Empire, conquered Babylonia in 538 BC, restored Jerusalem to the Jews.
		The British and Russian empires vied for influence in the 19th century, and Afghanistan was severed from Iran by Britain in 1857.
	kd.dynip.com /marvel/iran.htm (602 words)

	1250-1050 BC -- An Example of an Historical Cycle
		Apolloduros, a Greek author of the 2nd Century BC, recounts the event which, as with Crete, struck Mycenae: "Poseidon in his rage let monstrous masses of water overwhelm the land; the Thrisassio plain was drowned and Attica sank beneath the sea.".
		Western Thebes, with its main cemetery and the Valley of the Kings, was abandoned at the downfall of the New Kingdom (1087 BC).
		The late second millennium BC saw a lowering of the average temperature, followed by a slightly warmer interval, and then another cold period.
	www.livingcosmos.com /1250-1050BC.htm (11212 words)

	SPACE TODAY ONLINE - Space Today Online - The Millennium - A Space and Astronomy Timeline
		Man's first record of an eclipse of the Sun was made in China in 2136 BC.
		The period from the fall of Rome in 476 to the crowning of Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800 is recalled as the "Dark Ages" because of a shortage of written records.
		Three centuries later it would be used in a primitive cannon to propel stones from bamboo tubes.
	www.spacetoday.org /History/MillenniumTimeline/10thCentury.html (243 words)

	The Rise of the Rough Beast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As we approach the Millennium, there is a growing sense of expectancy that some event, or revelation, will change the world forever.
		This claim was made in 1990 as a result of a study of the erosion of the Sphinx and the walls of its enclosure.
		He states that ‘you really have to go back before 10000 BC to find a wet enough climate in Egypt to account for the weathering on this type and scale.’ Hancock has followed him -- writing that during the 11th millennium BC in Egypt ‘it rained and rained and rained’.
	www.red-ice.net /specialreports/2006/09sep/styves.html (4416 words)

	McREL: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning, Content Knowledge Standards and Benchmark Database
		Understands the growth of states, towns, and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa between the 11th and 15th centuries
		Understands significant features of the major population centers of Bantu in the 2nd millennium CE Understands significant features of the major population centers of the East African coastal region in the 2nd millennium CE Understands influences on the economic life of Kilwa and other East African coastal cities
		Understands consequences of the contact between Bantu farmers and Khoisan hunter gatherers in the early 2nd millennium
	www.mcrel.org /compendium/reference.asp?item=benchmark&BenchmarkID=3344&subjectID=6 (172 words)

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