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Topic: 11th millennium BCE

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10th millennium BCE

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	Common Era - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The notations CE and BCE (Before the Common Era or Before the Christian Era) are alternative notations for AD (anno Domini, Latin for "in the year of the Lord") and BC (Before Christ), respectively.
		CE and BCE came into use in the last few decades, perhaps originally in Ancient Near Eastern studies, where (a) there are many Jewish scholars and (b) dating according to a Christian era is irrelevant.
		When BC was changed to BCE in one examination question in New South Wales, Australia in early 2005, it prompted questions and protestations of offence in both chambers of the State Parliament, and the State Education Minister stated in Parliament that the change should not have been made.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/11th_century_BCE (2310 words)

	2nd millennium BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age Its first half is dominated by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and Babylonia.
		The first part of the millennium is a time a bit less colorful than others, a lull in the history of Ancient Near East, still living in the shadow of greater past times, and spending all energies in trying to recuperate from the deeply anarchic situation that was at the turn of the millennium.
		Near the end of the 2nd millennium BC, new waves of barbarians, riding on horseback this time, wholly destroyed the Bronze Age world, and were to be followed by waves of social changes that marked the beginning of very different times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2nd_millennium_BCE (1107 words)

	Ancient Districts of Anatolia and Asia Minor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the 7th and 6th centuries BCE the cities of Ionia were involved in a series of wars with the kings of Lydia, to whom Ionia yielded a nominal submission.
		Early in the 1st millennium BCE it is believed to have comprised the greater part of the Anatolian Peninsula, but at the time of the Persian invasion in the 6th century BCE it was limited to the districts known as Lesser Phrygia and Greater Phrygia.
		On his overthrow in 66 BCE by the Roman general Pompey the Great, the kingdom was divided, the western portion being joined to the province of Bithynia in a Roman province known as Pontus and Bithynia and the eastern region being assigned to native princes.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/ancient_districts.htm (2731 words)

	History of Iran: Elamite Empire
		1750 BCE) was not to be denied, and Elam was crushed in 1764 BCE.
		1266 BCE), the fourth king of this line, proceeded apace, and his successes were commemorated by his assumption of the title "Expander of the Empire." He was succeeded by his son, Untash-Gal (Untash (d) Gal, or Untash-Huban), a contemporary of Shalmaneser I of Assyria (c.
		In a series of campaigns between 692 and 639 BCE, in an effort to clean up a political and diplomatic mess that had become a chronic headache for the Assyrians, Ashurbanipal's armies utterly destroyed Susa, pulling down buildings, looting, and sowing the land of Elam with salt.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/elamite/elamite.php (1381 words)

	Gezer
		The Late Bronze Age (second half of the 2nd millennium BCE) is represented by a wealth of finds, many imported from the Aegean islands, Cyprus and Egypt, from both within the city and in tombs.
		At the beginning of the 10th century BCE, Gezer was conquered and burned by an Egyptian pharaoh (probably Siamun), who gave it to King Solomon as the dowry of his daughter.
		The conquest of Gezer by the Assyrian ruler Tiglath Pileser in 733 BCE is depicted in a stone relief found in the ruins of the palace of the kings of Assyria at Nimrud in Mesopotamia.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Gezer.html (1757 words)

	Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		3500 BCE - [M] A 10,000 km strong network of long-distance trade routes spans the seas (a total of 1,000 km) and lands (a total of 9,000 km) of Eurasia and Africa (reanalysis of Sherratt 2003 data in Ciolek, forthcoming).
		A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
		Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
	www.ciolek.com /PAPERS/GLOBAL/early.html (2873 words)

	History of Japan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Following the last ice-age, around 12,000 BCE, the rich ecosystem of the archipelago apparently fostered human development rather earlier than in other geographical areas, yielding the earliest known pottery containers.
		The Japanese Paleolithic covers a period from around 100,000 BCE, the date of the earliest stone tool implements that have been found, to around 12,000 BCE, at the end of the last ice age, which corresponds to the beginning of the Mesolithic Jomon Period.
		According to disputed archeological evidence, the Jomon people created the first known pottery type in the world, dated to the 11th millennium BC "The earliest known pottery comes from Japan, and is dated to about 10,500 BCE.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Japan (6085 words)

	Jomon
		Based on archaeological evidence, between 35,000 BCE and 30,000 BCE Homo sapiens had migrated to the islands from eastern and southeastern Asia and had well-established patterns of hunting and gathering and stone toolmaking.
		These two periods correspond to the prehistoric thermal optimum (between 4000 and 2000 BCE), when temperatures reached several degrees Celsius higher than the present, and the seas were higher by 5 to 6 meters.
		After 1500 BCE, the climate cooled, and populations seem to have contracted dramatically.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_Jomon (1348 words)

	History of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper paleolithic period.
		Following the last ice-age, around 12,000 BCE, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago fostered human development, yielding the earliest known pottery during the Jomon period.
		Stable living patterns gave rise by around 10,000 BCE to a Mesolithic or, as some scholars argue, Neolithic culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feudal_Japan (6255 words)

	Early history - Memory Alpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This article details the timeline since the 5th Millennium BCE until the 16th century.
		The Battle of Thermopylae is fought on Earth between the Spartans and the Persians.
		11th Century CE All life on the planet Zetar is extinguished in a war.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Early_History (1660 words)

	Anatolia: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Idriaeus (351-344 BCE)- he died of disease and was succeeded by his sister and wife Ada (who later became Queen of Alinda), but she was expelled by her brother Pixodarus, who threw in his lot with the Persians inviting in a Persian Satrap Othontapates (Orontobates?) This satrap was ruling when Alexander arrived in 334.
		In 500 BCE the tyrant of Mylasa was Oliatus, son of Ibanollis.
		In 167 BCE they revolted from the Rhodians and were soon thereafter declared free by the Romans once more.Under the Pax Romana Mylasa flourished and brought under her control in the name of 'Sympolity' the cities of Euromos, Chalcetor, Hydae, Olympos and Labraynda, and their citizenry were alloted to her own tribes.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/anatolia (9235 words)

	Israel Sites - Archives - Information Resources - Institute for Christian and Jewish Studies - ICJS
		Herod went to Rome, where in 40 BCE he was named king of Judea by the Senate under the influence of Antony and octavian.
		The quarry was abandoned by the end of the 1st C. BCE and some tombs were cut into the vertical surfaces of the quarry.
		From 34-31 BCE he built a palace south of the wadi and west of the mound (282l x 150')--excavation covered over; not visible today.
	www.icjs.org /info/isrsites.html (6367 words)

	European Religions
		The 1st millennium BCE saw the expansion of the Celtic peoples throughout Europe, reaching as far north as Britain by 450 BCE to be followed by incursions by pre-Christian Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, during the first millennium CE.
		Jewish communities in Egypt were Hellenized under Alexander the Great in the 4th Century BCE, Greek replacing Aramaic as their language, and some Jews formed communities in Greece.
		Judea became a vassal of the Roman Empire in 63 BCE, and with the growth of the Empire, the Jewish people spread throughout Europe.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/europe/geness.html (1795 words)

	zoananachronisms
		Evidently the Pentateuch's narrator understands that Zo'an and Hebron were in existence in the 3rd millennium and certainly no later than the 2nd millennium BCE when the Exodus is stated to have occurred.
		Scholars have determined that the earliest mention of Zo'an in Egyptian records is of the 13th century BCE, and that it appears again as a minor provincial town in the 12th century.
		In 727 BCE the capital was moved to Sais under Pharaoh Tefnakht, founder of the 22nd Dynasty who reigned ca.
	www.bibleorigins.net /zoananachronisms.html (1981 words)

	CWIS - The Fourth World Journal - Consciousness-Related Issues in Minoan Archaeology
		In the Bronze Age which began in Mesopotamia in the late fifth millennium BCE (McCall, 1990, 32), Sumarians continued to worship the Fertility Goddess Inanna (Ishtar to the Babylonians).
		The question of whether the Bronze Age Minoans were essentially evolved from the Neolithic holders of the island or the result of considerable immigration in the fourth Millennium BCE is still well debated: Evans (1994) 19; Hood (1990a) 151 ff and (1990b) 367 ff; Broodbank (1992) 68.
		The earliest ceramics, newly uncovered in the 1970s, lying immediately beneath the stratum dating from the seventh millennium BCE to which Japanese archaeologists had given the name Jômon I, caused great excitement, and an overhaul of the entire periodization, with the original Jômon I becoming now Jômon II, and so on upward the strata.
	www.cwis.org /fwj/41/minoan.html (13093 words)

	University of Pittsburgh - Hindu Students Council
		Some of the previously accepted truths of the religion were beginning to be questioned and the religious leaders were being asked to defend their views and teachings.
		Buddha was born in the sixth century BCE as Gautama Siddhartha.
		Islam and Hinduism were in conflict because, although the mystical traditions of both religions had some common ground, Muslim rulers sought to conquer Hindu territories and, from the 17th century, to assert the superiority of Islam.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/s/o/sorc/public/html/hindu/history.html (1873 words)

	Timeline 3300 to 1300 BCE
		c 3000BC In the area of present Lithuania at the end of the 3rd millennium a new wave of nomadic cattle-raisers moved in from the south and south-west and brought with them a corded pottery culture.
		Numerous slag heaps and third millennium remains from mining and smelting have been found at the oasis village of Maysar in central-eastern Oman.
		BCE Thutmose III led his army from Egypt to Megiddo and outflanked the chariots of the Canaanite forces that had revolted against him.
	timelines.ws /0B3300_1300BC.HTML (9140 words)

	Abbeys Bookshop - Twilight of Ancient Egypt: First Millenium BCE
		The author surveys a turbulent time in Ancient Egyptian culture and history - the 800 years between the 11th century BC and the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, after which Egypt became part of the Hellenistic world.
		It was a time when Libyans, Kushites, Persians and Greeks ascended to the throne more frequently than did indigenous kings in a phase of pharaonic Egypt marked by rapid changes in rule.Egypt had become increasingly involved in the affairs of its Near Eastern neighbours (Assyria, Babylon and Persia) and of the Mediterranean world.
		Karol Mysliwiec perceives in recent archaeological discoveries clear evidence that the first millennium BC was witness to more than a slow, progressive dying out of the pharaoic past; new and creative elements profoundly altered the culture of Ancient Egypt.Originally published in Polish, the text appeared in a German edition in 1998.
	www.abbeys.com.au /items/04/02/02 (280 words)

	The Origin Of Time Measurement By A Millennium Sceptic
		I am extremely happy to accept that it might be nearing the end of the century, especially at the end of the year 2000, as the four generations, of my family, that I have communicated with, believe, or believed, that they are, or have been alive in the twentieth century.
		And as a consequence Jan 1st 2000 will be the start of the last year of the first Millennium, not the end of it, it will be 1999 years, and one day.....
		So were not yet in the 3rd millennium, " whatever that's supposed to be ", We're in the last year of the second.
	www.rocknroll.f9.co.uk /advice/time.htm (1663 words)

	Tel Beth Shean 2005: Mazar and Panitz-Cohen \| The Shelby White - Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications
		Tel Beth Shean is located in the Beth Shean Valley, a region of prime historic importance in northern Israel, due to its auspicious geographic location at the juncture of the major north-south route through the Jordan Valley and the main east-west route leading from the coast inland, by way of the Jezreel Valley.
		Beth Shean was a central site that was occupied almost uninterruptedly from the 4th millennium BCE to the Byzantine Period.
		Within this long-lived sequence, of paramount importance was the period of the Egyptian 19th and 20th Dynasties (13th-12th centuries BCE), when Beth Shean served as the seat of an Egyptian garrison, complete with an imposing governor’s residence and rich material culture, including inscriptions, statuary and objects that reflected this presence, alongside the indigenous Canaanite culture.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~semitic/wl/digsites/Cisjordan/BethShean_05 (316 words)

	11th millennium AD - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about 11th millennium AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Undertaking to buy a fixed amount of a commodity or financial asset at a fixed date in the future and at a fixed price.
		Futures are traded on futures exchanges (see futures trading).
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /11th+millennium+AD (148 words)

	The rise to power of the Libyans
		Forceful invasions during the later New Kingdom were repelled by Merneptah [1] (ca 1203 BCE) and Ramses III [2], and the vanquished were enslaved.
		After Takelot II (ca 850—825 BCE) the authority of the king over the chiefs of the Meshwesh was practically non existent.
		Pedibastet (ca 818—793 BCE), founder of the XXIII Tanite Dynasty, challenged the power of the last Bubastite kings, and for generations there was no clear authority in Egypt.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/libyans.htm (729 words)

	Western Zhou Bronze Tripod Ritual Vessel_Jue
		Stable and graciously proportioned, this jue has three flared legs emerge from the base splay outward, it has a dragon head on the strap handle, and the taotie masks at the waist are in fairly high relief.
		The jue was probably a gift or offering made to Gong Wang at the funeral; it may had been used for drinking or libations at the grave during the rite, a custom known as early as the prehistoric Dawenkou and Longshane culture (Fourth to third millennium BCE).
		The jue was excavated in the mid Qing era (1644-1911) with a damaged trough spout, and most of the encrustation of the jue has fallen off.
	www.buddhamuseum.com /archaic-bronze-vessel.html (417 words)

	Thelemapedia: The Encyclopedia of Thelema & Magick \| Abrahamic religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		All the Abrahamic religions are derived to some extent from Judaism as practiced in ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah prior to the Babylonian Exile, at the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE.
		Many believe that Judaism in Biblical Israel was renovated and reformed to some extent in the 6th century BCE by Ezra and other priests returning to Israel from the exile.
		Other major splits were the East-West Schism in the 11th century, which separated the Eastern Orthodox Churches, and the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which eventually gave birth to hundreds of independent Protestant denominations.
	www.thelemapedia.org /index.php/Abrahamic_religion (547 words)

	Hazor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These span a period of 2,700 years beginning with the Early Bronze Age in the 29th century BCE to the Hellenistic period in the second century BCE.
		Although the same temporary settlement was enlarged in the 11th century BCE, the first Israelite building activities (dated to the mid-10th century BCE) are attributed to Solomon who fortified Hazor to control travel along the northern portion of the "Way of the Sea" (I Kings 9:15).
		For the system at Hazor consisted of a rectangular shaft, dug to a depth of over 60 feet, which was connected to a tunnel (15 feet wide and 15 feet high) which sloped down in a series of steps for more than 90 feet until it reached the water table inside the city walls.
	www.bibarch.com /ArchaeologicalSites/Hazor.htm (1256 words)

	UJC - ISRAEL21c: Israeli Expedition to Unlock Mystery of Human Origins
		The transition from bronze to iron around the beginning of the first millennium BCE brought many advantages: warriors gained fiercer weapons and chariots; farmers stronger ploughs, scythes and sickles; and craftsmen sturdier hammers and chisels.
		A 9th-century BCE iron forge, complete with hearths, tools, raw material, slag and hundreds of iron items, was unearthed in Beih-Shemesh, near Jerusalem, by two researchers at TAU's Nadler Institute of Archaeology.
		Recent excavations at Beih Shemesh reveal that the transformation of the site from a large unfortified village in the 12-11th centuries BCE into a well-organized administrative center in the 10th and 9th centuries BCE provide archaeological confirmation of the emerging monarchy in Judah.
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=146235 (1173 words)

	Guide Ancient Treasures and the Dead Sea Scrolls by David Steinberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		However, since at least the Hellenistic period (late 4th century BCE), Jews, except for priests pronouncing ancient formulaic blessings in the Temple, have been forbidden to pronounce the name out of respect for its holiness.
		Black Obelisk Jehu King of Israel (photograph in exhibit) approximately 825 BCE – showing Jehu King of Israel bowing in homage to the king of Assyria.
		Camels, Monkeys, and elephant and a rhinoceros, items of tribute that the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (858-824 BCE) amassed over his long reign, are depicted on the four sides of the Black Obelisk...
	www.houseofdavid.ca /treas_dss.htm (3364 words)

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