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Topic: 1200s BCE

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	Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE
		3500 BCE - [M] A 10,000 km strong network of long-distance trade routes spans the seas (a total of 1,000 km) and lands (a total of 9,000 km) of Eurasia and Africa (reanalysis of Sherratt 2003 data in Ciolek, forthcoming).
		A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
		Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
	www.ciolek.com /GLOBAL/early.html (2873 words)

	Sind: Table of Contents \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		The region was apparently settled by several waves of Indo-European–speaking peoples between 1500 and 1000 BCE (whether this settlement was peaceful is a matter of dispute among scholars).
		The Persians conquered Sind in the late sixth century BCE, and Alexander of Macedon invaded it in 325 BCE.
		In the 1200s, all of Sind fell under the sway of the Ghurid sultanate.
	www.bookrags.com /research/sind-ema-05 (498 words)

	Thru 1900
		4000 BCE In ancient Babylon, the Sumerians began recording the cycles of the sun, the Moon, and the harvest.
		1200 BCE Birth of the prophet Moses in the Nile Valley of Earth.
		The change from thinking of the Earth as the center of the solar system to a heliocentric model is a key development in the understanding of the nature of the universe.
	members.tripod.com /starbase_10/timeline1.htm (2667 words)

	21ma.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, in 1200s BCE, invasions from the Balkans destroyed Troy VII and Hattusas, the capital of the Central Anatolian Hittite Empire.
		The walls of this well-preserved one-roomed house (2.45 x 4 m) were made of sun-dried bricks and the roof of the house was made of reeds.
		Known to be the oldest house having so many rooms under its roof, this house was built in the second half of 7th century BCE The house has two floors and has five rooms with a courtyard.
	www.21ma.com /mod3.php?title=Izmir (4582 words)

	History of ancient Israel and Judah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1650 BCE, Egypt was conquered by tribes, apparently Semitic, known as the Hyksos by the Egyptians.
		Ramesses II (1279-1213 BCE) filled the land with enormous monuments, and signed a treaty with the Hittites after ceding the northern Levant to the Hittite Empire.
		In 922 BCE, the Kingdom of Israel was divided.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah (4155 words)

	1200s BC
		1200s BC Guajara in other languages: Spanish, Deutsch, French, Italian...
		1200s BC Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC
		Decades: 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC - 1200s BC - 1190s BC 1180s BC 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/1/12/1200s_bc.html (190 words)

	The Minoans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Linear A was in use from approximately 1800 - 1450 BCE.
		Linear B is a written form of Mycenean Greek, and it is closely related to and is based on Linear A. It was in use beginning around the 1200s BCE.
		It is a mainly syllabic writing system, with each character representing a different syllable instead of an idea or a letter.
	www.musesrealm.net /greece/minoans/writing.html (282 words)

	The Original Wold Newton Universe Crossover Chronology Part I
		The saga of Thongor was told by Lin Carter in a series of novels: Thongor and the Wizard of Lemuria, Thongor and the Dragon City, Thongor Against the Gods, Thongor in the City of Magicians, Thongor at the End of Time, and Thongor Fights the Pirates of Tarakus.
		The remnants of the great civilization of Atlantis have deteriorated to barbarism, and Kull is a barbarian warrior from this ancient land.
		10,000 BCE - Coincident with the end of the Hyborian Age is the time of Conan, a barbarian warrior from Cimmeria.
	www.pjfarmer.com /woldnewton/Chron.htm (5044 words)

	Latin, Greek, and their non-descendant English
		Even the Macedonian empire, which exported Greek to most of the Middle East in the 300s BCE, did not displace the languages of the peoples it conquered; it simply added a layer of administrative, literary and educational Koine to local linguistic situations that were often very complicated.
		In fact, for most of the first millennium BCE, it was much less important in Italy than Greek, which dominated colonies in Sicily and the "heel" and "toe" of the Italian peninsula.
		For the Greek language, the classical period is the fifth and fourth centuries BCE; for Latin, it's the first centuries before and after the beginning of the common era.
	www.uta.edu /english/tim/courses/4301w00/lge.html (1712 words)

	Estimates of the age of the earth
		5199 BCE: This date was mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, which was published by the authority of Pope Gregory XIII in 1580.
		This uses the date of 2800 BCE for a massive flood which covered the plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
		They calculate 4046 BCE as the year of creation, based on the ages of the patriarchs at their death.
	www.religioustolerance.org /ev_date1.htm (1823 words)

	The Biblical Date for Creation
		Bishop James Ussher was able to use the ages of famous pre-flood personages in the Bible to estimate the number of years between creation and the flood.
		If Joshua's conquest of Canaan happened, it would have occurred circa in the 13th century BCE which was a time when Egypt's influence over the area was at a low ebb.
		Bishop Ussher estimated that it began in 1451 BCE; that is unlikely because Egyptian power was at its peak at that time and completely dominated the area.
	skeptically.org /oldtestament/id15.html (2358 words)

	Shocking Truth - History
		Around 600 BCE, in Greece, a mathematician named Thales discovered that amber rubbed with animal fur attracted light objects.
		Compasses were used by generals and magicians (who had to find the right places for temples or burial sites) for hundreds of years before they were used on ships.
		Lodestones were not used for ship navigation until the 1200s, when Chinese navigators began to use a ship's compass.
	library.thinkquest.org /6064/history.html (1447 words)

	13th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This bronze ritual wine vessel, dating from the Shang Dynasty in the 13th century BC, is housed at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution.
		The latter seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally.
		Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds to assassinate him (though other accounts place these events a decade later, in the 1200s BC).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/13th_century_BCE (755 words)

	direct democracy - Anarchopedia
		Direct democracy was first experimented with in the ancient Athenian democracy of ancient Greece (beginning circa 508 BCE (Finley, 1973)), which was governed for two centuries by a general assembly of all male citizens, by randomly selected officials, and one elected representative charged to command the army of the city (strategos).
		The presence of citizen lawmaking in Rome's governance was a strong, contributing factor to the rise of Rome, and its Greco-Roman civilization, to a greatness all out of proportion to the rest of the ancient world (Carey, 1967).
		Modern-era citizen lawmaking began in the towns of Switzerland in the 1200s.
	eng.anarchopedia.org /index.php/direct_democracy (2630 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Yemen
		According to Yemenite tradition, a group of well-to-do Jews left Jerusalem after they heard Jeremiah predict the destruction of the Temple in 629 BCE, 42 years before the destruction occurred.
		Little is known about this early part of Arab rule in Yemen, but we know the Jewish community was in distress from letters in the Cairo Genizah.
		From the 1200s to the 1600s, the hardship of Yemenite Muslim rule was brought to a temporary halt by the Rasulides, a tribe from Africa.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Yemen.html (3013 words)

	Creation myths
		According to this Near Eastern myth (the Enuma Elish), which dates back to around the 12th Century BCE, in the beginning there was only a watery void and there was a male god of fresh water (Apsu) and a female god of salt water (Tiamat).
		In time a younger god of lightning and thunder (Marduk) killed Tiamat and split her body in two to form the heavens and earth.
		According to the Scandinavian Eddas (from the 1200s BCE), in the beginning there was a chaotic world which included gods, giants, and humans.
	www.mukto-mona.com /science/skybreak/creation_myths.htm (1218 words)

	Chapter 1: A Selected History of Subtle Energetics
		The next thrust in human cultural development in relation to these subtle energies is in the Middle Kingdom(China) of about 3000 BCE, texts have been found which report on a universal energy called Qi (pronounced as chi or chee) which is found in all matter and the Chinese word for energy or life-force.
		Then in Greece about 500 BCE, writings appear describing a vital energy which may be likened to a luminous body.
		During the Dark Ages in Europe, little survived of the rich medical heritage of the Egyptian and Greek cultures due to the overzealous efforts of the early christian bureaucracy.
	www.diamondhead.net /chapt1.htm (1002 words)

	Herodotus' Corner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was developed and used between 1800 and 1450 BCE.
		Linear A does not appear to be a true alphabet, consisting of numbers and ideograms.
		Like Liear A, Linear B was written on clay tablets that were used for notes to be later transferred to official documentation.
	www.musesrealm.net /herodotus4.html (481 words)

	[No title]
		It is possibly dated in the 1200s BCE.
		It has nothing to do with Turin except that it now resides in that city in Italy, and the word 'canon' generally refers to a papal decree or ecclesiastical law, so the name is somewhat misleading.
		Manetho was apparently an Egyptian priest in the 200s BCE.
	home.eol.ca /~cumulus/Chimp/CH12.htm (1171 words)

	Higgaion » Zondervan’s forthcoming Archaeological Study Bible
		In the introduction to the book of Genesis, Zondervan rightly notes that “Genesis is, strictly speaking, an anonymous work.” The Archaeological Study Bible nevertheless goes on to advocate for Mosaic authorship of Genesis (although he might, Zondervan admits, have used sources).
		1446 BCE for the exodus (if there was one) flies in the face of the best scholarship on this issue.
		If there was an historical exodus, the strongest case can be made for it to have happened early in the reign of Ramses II, in the early 1200s BCE.
	www.heardworld.com /higgaion/?p=254 (1671 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 18 Number 49
		There are various details of everyday life described in Breishit which make sense in the context of Amorite society, but would be difficult to understand later, e.g.
		Comfortable saddles for riding camels had not been developed then, so they were only used for carrying baggage and women, but never ridden by men.
		The earliest references to the Arameans in archeological sites, I think, occur around 1300 BCE, not long before Matan Torah (which seems to be in the mid-1200s BCE, based on the reference to Rameses II in Shemot, and on the earliest Egyptian inscription mentioning Israel, from 1220 BCE).
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v18/mj_v18i49.html (1790 words)

	The battlegrounds of Troy - Folklore
		We have legends of the war but little reliable history, for the earliest writings we have are Homer's epics, written down around four centuries after the event.
		Troy was destroyed many times, including once in the mid 1200s BCE, shortly before the collapse of Mycenaean Bronze Age civilization.
		Perhaps a memory of this collapse became connected to the stories of the Fall of Troy, transforming this story of an ancient war into a powerful metaphor for the ending of civilization through lust and violence.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art21990.asp (507 words)

	[No title]
		The 1200s BCE would be in the reign of Rameses II, which was quite a long reign.
		There does not appear to be any significant difference in the appearance of the terrain between 1500 BCE and the present except for the completion of the Suez Canal.
		The Egyptian King Sesostris III -- that would be about 1800 B.C.E. (using conventional dating) -- is said to have been the first one to link the Nile through the Lake Timsah and the Bitter Lakes area down to the Gulf of Suez with a canal.
	www3.sympatico.ca /nimbus/b3.htm (7946 words)

	Higgaion » Archaeology and the Old Testament according to GCTS, part 1
		Many interpreters—myself included—think that Merneptah’s “Israel” was (or at least has a good chance to have been) culturally continous with the people who later occupied the kingdom of Israel (late eleventh-late eighth century BCE on the biblical timeline, attested for the ninth and eighth centuries in Assyrian inscriptions).
		This dating of the exodus to the thirteenth century BCE conflicted with archaeological datings of the collapse of Jericho’s mud-brick wall to the 15th (Garstang) or 16th (Kenyon) centuries BCE.
		As I wrote at the beginning of this post, Sailhamer’s article is only three pages long, and it is written for an educated but nonspecialist—that is, ministerial—audience.
	www.heardworld.com /higgaion/?p=279 (2151 words)

	Assign245/02/10/97
		For Tuesday's class, please bring your compass and straightedge (ruler).
		572-497 BCE: Pythagoras - leader of "brotherhood" with motto "All is number"
		Approximately 300 BCE: Euclid - probably first mathematician at Library of Alexandria,
	newton.uor.edu /facultyfolder/beery/math115/day9.htm (529 words)

	The Americas Before Columbus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		20 000-15000 BCE arrival of Amerindians in the Americas
		- by 7000 BCE the western edge of central and south America was supporting groups who were developing agriculture: maize, potaotes, beans, squashes
		- by 2000 BCE SW US, central Mexico and coastal plains of the Americas, intensive agriculture which first suplemented, then replaced hunting as the major food source
	hist.ucalgary.ca /courses/W2001/301L01LN.htm (1912 words)

	Our Jerusalem.com -
		1700s BCE - Abraham emigrates from Ur to Canaan
		928 BCE - Division of Jewish kingdom into separate states of Israel/Samaria and Judea
		63 BCE - Roman occupation of Jewish kingdom
	www.ourjerusalem.com /history/story/history20010101.html (815 words)

	Greece PP notes
		Origins of the Greeks: Minoans and Mycenaeans 2800 B.C.E. Minoans
		The fall of Minoan civilization is described in the legendary fight of Theseus, a young Greek prince and the Minotaur.
		Began during festivals honoring the god Dionysus (600 BCE)
	www.cretin-derhamhall.org /Departmental/Values/Purple/GreecePPnotes.htm (199 words)

	Civilization Watch - December 3, 2006 - How Our Civilization Can Fall - The Ornery American
		What Grant finds, though, is that an international economic system that functioned smoothly throughout the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean, despite blips like the Trojan War, staggered to a complete collapse.
		Starting in the late 1200s bce, a "prolonged series of destructive movements of peoples" (i.e., barbarian invasions) swept through the area.
		It seemed to be closely related to the fall of the Hittite empire in Asia minor, though whether the barbarian invasions toppled the Hittites, or the fall of the Hittites provided a power vacuum into which barbarians swept is hard to determine from our present vantage point.
	www.ornery.org /essays/warwatch/2006-12-03-1.html (4382 words)

	delagar: August 2005
		BCE and presents no other scholarly views, such as
		those that place the Exodus in the 1200s BCE.
		date of 1446 BCE is derived by a literalistic reading
	delagar.blogspot.com /2005_08_01_delagar_archive.html (5223 words)

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