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Topic: 1353 BC

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	14th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1397 BC - Pandion I, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Erechtheus II of Athens.
		1338 BC - Queen Tiy of Egypt, Chief Queen of Amenhotep III and matriarch of the Amarna family, vanishes from the historical record.
		1334 BC/1333 BC - Death of Smenkhkare, Pharaoh of Egypt and co-ruler with Akhenaton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/14th_century_BC (646 words)

	Ancient Egypt - MSN Encarta
		As a daughter of a pharaoh (Thutmose I) and the wife of one (Thutmose II), Hatshepsut took full control of the throne as the ruling pharaoh during her reign.
		The 22nd Dynasty (945-712 bc), centered at Bubastis in the western delta, clearly reflected an earlier Libyan presence in Egypt.
		In the 7th century bc, Psamtik I, ruling at first from Sais, reunited the land in 664 bc, ushering in the 26th Dynasty and the Late Period.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_461511156_2/Ancient_Egypt.html (3430 words)

	Amarna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city was built as the new capital of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, dedicated to his new religion of worship to the Aten.
		Construction started in year 4 of his reign (1364 BC or 1346 BC) and was probably completed by year 9 (1359 BC or 1341 BC), although it became the capital city two years earlier.
		It is the only ancient Egyptian city for which we have great details of its internal plan, in large part because the city was abandoned shortly after the death of Akhenaten, and remained uninhabited thereafter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amarna (1231 words)

	The Hittite empire to c. 1180 BC
		It is possible that the branch of the Hittite royal family that gained control in the 15th century BC may have originated in Kizzuwadna.
		While the king was at Kummanni, he was joined by his brother Piyasilis, king of Carchemish, who was taken ill and died; his death sparked off a revolt in Syria supported by Egypt and Assyria, but the appearance of the king himself at the head of his imperial army proved sufficient to suppress it.
		Kurunta, another son of Muwatallis, was installed as Great King of a state centered on the city of Tarhuntassa, probably southwest of Konya, with equal status to the ruler of Carchemish; the city would have served as a base for operations farther west.
	www.history-world.org /hittite_empire_to_c.htm (2000 words)

	Ancient Egypt with pics
		In 27 BC a strong earthquake devastated the Theban temples, while in the Greco-Roman world the cult of Isis and Osiris gradually displaced Amon.
		After the brief rule of Smenkhkare (1335-32 BC), possibly a son of Akhenaton, utankhaten, a nine-year-old child, succeeded and was married to the much older Ankhesenpaaten, Akhenaton's third daughter.
		BC, until the time of the Roman Empire; the latest hieroglyphic inscription dates from AD 394.
	www.infomideast.com /mythology/history3.html (4674 words)

	E G Y P T
		In the 7th millennium BC, Egypt was environmentally hospitable, and evidence of settlements from that time has been found in the low desert areas of southern, or Upper, Egypt; remains of similar occupation have been discovered at Nubian sites in modern Sudan.
		As a consequence of internal strife, the reigns of this and the succeeding 8th Dynasty (2134-2124 BC) are rather obscure.
		In fact the next two dynasties, the 23rd (818-715 BC) and 24th (727-715 BC), were contemporaneous with the latter part of the 22nd Dynasty, just as the 25th (Nubian) Dynasty effectively controlled much of Egypt during the last years of the 22nd and the 24th dynasties.
	www.1001medrecipes.com /mEGYPT.htm (13126 words)

	Egypt - Ancient Egypt
		Scientific analysis of the remains of their culture indicates that by 6000 BC they were herding cattle and constructing large buildings.
		A culture known as Badarian is represented as early as 5000 BC in Upper Egyptian settlements.
		By 3500 BC, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank of the Nile between Luxor and Aswan, had become a central site of Predynastic culture—that is, the culture that existed before the time of the first Egyptian dynasties, or families of rulers.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/egypt/anceg.htm (4612 words)

	[No title]
		1350 BC Profile of Akhenaten, 1353-1336 BC *Stela from a house shrine showing Akhenaten and Nefertiti with their daughters beneath the rays of Aten, from el-Amarna, c.
		1345 BC Tutankhamun (1336—1327 B.C.) Reliefs from the tomb of General Haremhab tomb at Saqqara, c.
		1330 BC View of Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, 1327 BC Tutannkhamun’s Golden Throne, c.
	www.unc.edu /~egatti/Art36/slide_lists/Egyptian/new_king_amarna.doc (227 words)

	5,000 Years of Civilization
		His daughter, Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BC), developed the monumental west-bank temple at Deir al-Bahri, which was cut out of the face of the mountain.
		Pharaoh Seti I (1306-1290 BC) was able to reconquer the lands lost during the reign of Akhenaten.
		The infamous Cleopatra (51-30 BC) was from this period, but she proved no match for the aggressive Romans and was the last of the Ptolomies.
	www.nytimes.com /fodors/fdrs_feat_40_2.html (2766 words)

	History of EGYPTIAN RELIGION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		In about 1500 BC combines with Re to become Amen-Re, who from then on is effectively the state god of Egypt, identified with the pharaoh.
		Soon after Amenhotep IV comes to the throne, in about 1353 BC, he changes his name from Amenhotep ('Amen is satisfied') to Akhenaten ('beneficial to Aten'), signifying that the new state deity is to be Aten, the disk of the sun.
		The destruction of Thebes by the Assyrians in the 7th century BC reduces Amen's status.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab32 (618 words)

	Akhenaten - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suggested dates for Akhenaten's reign (subject to the debates surrounding Egyptian chronology) are from 1353 BC-1336 BC or 1351 BC–1334 BC.
		Akhenaten's chief wife was Nefertiti, who has been made famous by her exquisitely painted bust in the Ägyptisches Museum of Berlin.
		Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun in Year 2 of his reign (1349 BC or 1332 BC) and abandoned the city of Akhetaten, which eventually fell into ruin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akhenaton (3347 words)

	artnet.com Magazine News - ANTIQUITIES IN NEW YORK
		The highlight of the sale proved to be a fl granite or basalt relief fragment of a queen or goddess of the 30th Dynasty (360-282 BC) [lot 63].
		A pair of limestone reliefs of the 6th Dynasty (circa 2150 BC) [lot 38] provided the second highlight of the sale, selling for $167,000, substantially exceeding its high estimate of $120,000.
		A 4th century BC Etruscan gold and banded agate finger ring engraved with a maenad (mermaid) [lot 215], her head thrown back in Dionysiac ecstasy, realized $70,700, almost four times the projected high of $18,000.
	www.artnet.com /magazine_pre2000/news/stern/stern6-12-98.asp (1338 words)

	Egypt: A Photographic Tour
		Nefertari was the principal wife of Ramses II (1279-1213 BC); her tomb is one of the most beautiful and largest ever found.
		Medinat Habu is the Arabic name for the Mortuary Temple of Ramses III (1187-1156 BC) of Dynasty XX.
		The Ramesseum was the Mortuary Temple of Ramses II (1279-1213 BC).
	www.nickwinter.com /journeys/africa/egypt.htm (998 words)

	A timeline of the ancient Egyptians
		2900 BC : king Djer is buried at Abydos, the seat of the cult of Osiris, lord of the Underworld and husband of Isis, and his "mastaba" becomes considered the grave of Osiris
		2181 - 2160 BC Dynasties 7 and 8
		2160 - 2040 BC Dynasties 9 and 10
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/egyptian.html (1717 words)

	Poppa's Ancient World
		1848 BC a new king was crowned in the city of Babylon that would change the landscape of the region.
		The Babylon that Hammurabi inherited from his father was quite small in both size and power, but over the next 40 years Hammurabi went on to conquer his two main rivals in the south, Isin and Larsa, then the city of Mari and the lands held by the Assyrians, uniting Mesopotamia briefly under Babylonian rule.
		1353 BC the young Egyptian Pharoah Tutenkamen died unexpectedly.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /kensington/207/mideast2.html (870 words)

	History of EGYPT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		These later Ramses, ruling from 1187 to c.1075 BC, are not in fact descended from the great man. Their ancestor, Setnakht, is a commoner who seizes the throne in 1190 after a period of chaos.
		At one time there are as many as six proclaiming themselves kings of their regions, while in about 800 BC a separate dynasty (the 23rd) is proclaimed in Thebes.
		But it is his son Piye, also known as Piankhi, who from about 730 BC captures cities the entire length of the Nile as far north as Memphis and receives the submission of the local rulers of the delta region.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=256&HistoryID=aa28 (2039 words)

	[b-hebrew] Egypt, Canaan, & the Exodus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The key point that is being missed in this entire discussion of dating the Exodus, either based on the text of the OT or other external evidence such as Josephus or Menetho is that during the period in question, Canaan was a province of Egypt.
		From the expulsion of the Hyksos in 1540 BC to at least the end of the nineteenth dynasty, (1196 BC), but probably even into the 20th dynasty, Egypt exercised military control over Canaan.
		Some kings were active and aggressive (Thutmoses III, who recorded a victory over Canaanite kings at a battle at Megiddo in 1456 BC) or while others were passive and inattentive (Amenhotep IV, 1353-1336 BC aka Akhenaten, and the Amarna letters) but all had control.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2004-May/018838.html (232 words)

	Ancient Egypt
		This piece from the Predynastic period (5000 bc-3000 bc) is decorated with ostriches, boats, and geometrical designs.
		Amenhotep III ruled Egypt in the mid-1300s bc, during a period of peace and prosperity.
		The temple of Hatshepsut is a rock-cut tomb and mortuary temple built in the 15th century bc at Dayr al Baḩrī near Thebes.
	www.multimedia-publishing.com /ancient_egypt.htm (9294 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		Amen is associated with the ram, though represented in human form, and sometimes incorporated with the sun god Ra.
		They include Amenemhet I (1938-1908 BC), (Sesostris I or Senwosret, 1918-1875 BC), Amenemhet II (1876-1842 BC), (Sesostris II, 1844-1837 BC), Amenemhet III (1818-1770 BC), (Sesostris III, 1836-1818 BC), and Amenemhet IV (c 1770-1760 BC) (also Sebeknefru, 1750-1756 BC, the first attested female monarch).
		He was preceded by Amenhotep I (1514-1493 BC) and Amenhotep II (c 1426-1400 BC) and succeeded by Amenhotep IV (1352-1336 BC), who was better known by his adopted name of Akhenaten.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Amen (1141 words)

	Malter Galleries Past Auctions
		XXVth - XXVIth Dynasty, 760 - 525 BC.
		XXVIth - XXVIIth Dynasty, 664 - 405 BC.
		XXVth - XXVIIth Dynasty, 760 - 405 BC.
	www.maltergalleries.com /archives/auction02/092902auctioncat3.htm (9880 words)

	Cleveland Museum of Art - Explore the Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art collections
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Tuthmosis III, to Amenhotep III, 1479-1353 BC Fragment of a Tomb Relief
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18 (1540-1296 BC), reign of Amenhotep III
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III, 1391-1353 BC Hedgehog Scaraboid
	www.clemusart.com /Explore/department.asp?deptgroup=1&display=list&recNo=100 (474 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Final Chapter: The Search for Tutankhamen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		A group of fragments from several heavy though crudely fashioned bracelets of base silver clearly forms part of the so-called "Tell al-Balamun treasure," found in a pottery jar buried in the ground and dated by Carter to the end of the Ptolemaic period.
		The origin of this piece is as yet obscure; its quality, as well as what appear to be its royal pretensions, may indicate that it is one of a number of leatherwork fragments discovered during the first decade of this century in the vicinity of the tomb of Amenophis III.
		This, together with fragments of a second, similar jar, came from the cache of 13 dug from the ground in 1920 by Lady Carnarvon at the entrance to the tomb of Merenptah in the Valley of the Kings.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198806/the.final.chapter-the.search.for.tutankhamen.htm (3113 words)

	Amenhotep III - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Amenhotep III, king of Egypt (reigned 1391-1353 bc), of the 18th Dynasty, builder of extensive architectural works, including portions of the temple...
		Amenhotep III ruled peacefully for nearly four decades, 1391-1353 bc, and art and architecture flourished during his reign.
		The art of the time of Akhenaton, son of Amenhotep III, reflects the religious revolution this king set into motion.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Amenhotep_III.html (109 words)

	AskWhy! Megiddo and the United Monarchy - Jewish Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Archaeologists depend on the biblical record of the tenth century BC in spite of the lack of direct evidence, and so Iron Age archaeology must be freed from the bible for objective progress to be made.
		The Monolith Inscription of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III from the ninth century BC reports that Akha-abbu, taken to mean Ahab, contributed 2000 chariots to an anti-Assyrian coalition at the battle of Qarqar in Syria in 843 BC.
		As for Judah, in the spring of 609 BC, the bible tale is that the Judean king Josiah rode northward to confront Pharaoh Necho II and a large Egyptian force.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /judaism/0140UnitedMonarchy.html (5522 words)

	Antiques and the Arts Online
		The sheer antiquity of the civilization is almost unfathomable to modern man - located in the valley of the longest river on earth, between two deserts, Egypt was the seat of one of the worlds earliest complex cultures.
		This spectacular planned and rapidly built city - which boasted a population of between 20 and 50 thousand at its height - was a place of magnificent temples and sumptuous palaces brightly decorated with paintings and tiles, gardens, pools, private houses, and tombs.
		But, soon after the king's death, in 1336 BC his radical vision was quashed - the worship of many gods restored, Memphis and Thebes returned to their status as political and religious capitals, and Amarna abandoned - mostly under the rule of the "Boy King," Tutankhamen, who, some believe, was Akhenaten's son.
	www.antiquesandthearts.com /GH0-07-11-2000-13-15-01 (741 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Literature
		1333-1323 BC), abandoned the cult of Aten; married a daughter of Akhenaten; his tomb remained untouched and was discovered in 1922.
		Alexander the Great's invasion of Egypt, 332 BC, Greek domination of Egypt, death of Alexander in 323 BC Egypt ruled by Ptolemy I (r.
		250 BC Rosetta Stone (196 BC): rock inscribed with three bands of writing in hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek--it made possible the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
	fajardo-acosta.com /worldlit/egypt (722 words)

	Chariot to Heaven, Amarna chronology. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		This means that we have to add up the lengths of the successive reigns in order to arrive at a date which corresponds with our system (only the dates are BC, "before Christ", or BCE "before the Christian era").
		But because all the details of Egyptian kings are not known, there are problems and the dates which you will find quoted by different authors may differ quite a lot.
		his grandfather Amenhotep III: 1391-1353 BC his father Akhenaten, called Amenhotep at the beginning of his reign so Amenhotep IV: 1353-1337 BC his brother or half-brother (their father had several wives and so their mothers may have been different) Smenkhkare: 1338-1336 BC.
	www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk /gri/9amachro.html (173 words)

	Aton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		It was in the third millennium BC that the Pharaoh Chephren first declared himself "the son of Re," but it was the reforming zeal of Amenophis IV (1387-1366 BC) that increased the worship of the sun god to unprecedented heights.
		As Akhenaton, "the devotee of Aton," this unusual pharaoh sought to concentrate devotion on the purely material character of the sun god as a solar disc, Aton.
		After his death Tutankhamen returned the court to Thebes; and under the last pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Haremheb, (1353-1319 BC), all traces of the worship of Aton disappeared.
	www.themystica.org /mythical-folk/articles/aton.html (239 words)

	Malter Galleries Auctions
		Dynasty, reign of Rameses IV, 1182 – 1151 BC.
		On the base a very detailed and precisely cut series of signs advertising the qualities of one of the Hyksos kings or princes of the Delta, including a nice wings vulture at the center.
		Dynasties of Upper Egypt, 1630 – 1539 BC.
	www.maltergalleries.com /archives/auction06/feb12_2006/feb_1206_1.html (5614 words)

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