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	Gothic Art and Architecture - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Beginning in Paris in the 1370s and continuing until about 1400 at the court of Jean de France, Duc de Berry, the manuscript illuminators of the International Gothic style progressively developed the spatial dimensions of their illustrations, until the picture became a veritable window opening on an actual world.
		The last flowering of flamboyant architecture occurred between the end of the 15th century and the 1530s in the work of Martin Chambiges and his son Pierre, who were responsible for a series of grand cathedral facades, including the west front of Troyes Cathedral and the transept facades of Senlis and Beauvais cathedrals.
		Other regional styles of secular architecture also flourished, from the Venetian Gothic of the Doges’ Palace (begun 1345?) and the Ca d’Oro (1430?) to the Tudor Gothic of Hampton Court (1515-1536) on the Thames and the Collegiate Gothic, which at Oxford lingered into the early 17th century.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761562615___11/Gothic_Art_and_Architecture.html (1044 words)

	GOTHIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE,
		The cathedrals also retained and expanded the loveliest creation of French Romanesque architecture, the chevet, the complex of forms at the east end of the church that includes the semicircular aisle known as the ambulatory, the chapels that radiate from it, and the lofty polygonal apse encircling the end of the sanctuary.
		In Germany the impact of all phases of French Gothic architecture was decisive, from the early Gothic four-story elevation of the Cathedral of Limburg-an-der-Lahn (c.
		Beginning in Paris in the 1370s and continuing until about 1400 at the court of Jean de France, duc de Berry (1340–1416) the manuscript illuminators of the International Gothic style progressively developed the spatial dimensions of their illustrations, until the picture became a veritable window opening on an actual world.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..go070200.a#FWNE.fw..go070200.a (4389 words)

	Gothic Art and Architecture
		Architecture was the dominant expression of the Gothic Age.
		The particular phase of Gothic architecture that was to lead to the creation of the northern cathedrals, however, was initiated in the early 1140s in the construction of the chevet of the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis, the burial church of the French kings and queens near the outskirts of Paris.
		In Germany the impact of all phases of French Gothic architecture was decisive, from the early Gothic four-story elevation of the Cathedral of Limburg-an-der-Lahn (1225?) to the choir of Cologne Cathedral (begun 1248).
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/PeriodsAndStyles/Gothic.html (4266 words)

	Gothic Art And Architecture
		At the technical level Gothic architecture is characterized by the ribbed vault (a vault in which stone ribs carry the vaulted surface), the pointed arch, and the flying buttress (normally a half arch carrying the thrust of a roof or vault across an aisle to an outer pier or buttress).
		If one examines the architecture outside north and northeastern France, one finds, first, that buildings in what might be called a Romanesque style continued up to the end of the 12th and into the 13th century and, second, that the appreciation of the developments in France was often partial and haphazard.
		Another typical feature of Rayonnant architecture is the thinning of vertical supporting members, the enlargement of windows, and the combination of the triforium gallery and the clerestory until walls are largely undifferentiated screens of tracery, mullions (vertical bars of tracery dividing windows into sections), and glass.
	history-world.org /gothic_art_and_architecture.htm (5979 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Architecture was the dominant expression of the Gothic Age.
		The particular phase of Gothic architecture that was to lead to the creation of the northern cathedrals, however, was initiated in the early 1140s in the construction of the chevet of the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis, the burial church of the French kings and queens near the outskirts of Paris.
		In Germany the impact of all phases of French Gothic architecture was decisive, from the early Gothic four-story elevation of the Cathedral of Limburg-an-der-Lahn (c.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=210705 (4132 words)

	[Project Rastko] THE HISTORY OF SERBIAN CULTURE - Vojislav Korac: Architecture in medieval Serbia
		Therein, the long tradition of Serbian architecture in the conception of the entire structure was respected: the grouping of areas into a closed entirety, and attention to proportions with an emphasis on the vertical aspects of the structure.
		The harmony in the forms and volumes, and the architecture of the surfaces and the apertures is done according to the original concepts of middle Byzantine architecture.
		Two traits of Morava architecture are important: its architectonic decoration as an absolute novelty, and its strict symmetry in the conception of the whole and of the details, thus departing from the late Byzantine conception of harmony and returning to the forms of earlier architecture.
	www.rastko.org.yu /isk/vkorac-medieval_architecture.html (8202 words)

	Gothic Art and Architecture
		Gothic Art and Architecture, is a style in European art and architecture that flourished from about 1140 to the end of the 16th century in many areas.
		Although a vast number of secular monuments were built in the style, it was as church architecture that the Gothic idiom reached its greatest heights.
		Beginning in Paris in the 1370s and continuing until about 1400 at the court of Jean, duc de Berry, manuscript illuminators working in the International Gothic style progressively developed the spatial dimensions of their illustrations, until the picture became a veritable window opening on an actual world.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Style08-Gothic.htm (2040 words)

	Norfolk Churches
		This is something of a curiosity, because the windows appear to predate the arcade; but Pevsner suggests that a bequest of the 1370s may account for both, the first late in style and the second early.
		That on the north side has been disrupted, of course; and even before the Berneys came along with their mausoleum there was a massive early 16th century mausoleum, and although only the frame of this survives it is so like the Bedingfield monument at Oxborough it is probably by the same hand.
		St Nicholas has a fair number of hatchments for such a small church, and the George III royal arms are still set above the chancel arch in a pedimented frame, which is a curiosity.
	www.norfolkchurches.co.uk /braconash/braconash.htm (566 words)

	The Basilica of St. Anthony
		The construction of the first nucleus of the Basilica, a Franciscan church with only a single nave and a short transept, began in 1238; two lateral naves were added and it was eventually transformed into the amazing structure that we admire today.
		You can notice straightaway that the architecture is quite Gothic, and that there are two distinct parts: the nave (where we are now) and the apse beyond the transept.
		This elegant and spacious Gothic area was completed in the 1370s by one of the most important Venetian sculptors and architects of the day, Andriolo de Santi.
	www.basilicadelsanto.org /ing/visita/storia.asp (4649 words)

	Architecture in medieval Serbia
		The whole is brought to a finish by the church of the Holy Virgin on the south side, with its large narthex, chapel and vestibule built under the care of Archbishop Danilo II (1328/1330).
		From the outside, the Patriarchate is a panorama of forms characteristic of the Serbian architecture of the times.
		The church of the Holy Archangels in Lesnovo (1341, narthex 1349, founded by Despot Oliver) has two parts of two different conceptions: a church in the narrow sense and a narthex.
	www.serbianunity.net /culture/history/Hist_Serb_Culture/che/Medieval_Architecture.html (8217 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 14th century
		Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s - 1370s - 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s 1420s Years: 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 Events and Trends Mamai was a powerful military commander of Golden Horde, who resided in the western part of this...
		Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365...
		Events King Charles V of France renounces the treaty of Brétigny and war is declared between France and England.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/14th-century (7800 words)

	Voip Architecture - Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		in architecture in, 1905 in and the timeline.
		in architecture in, 1899 in and the timeline.
		in in, 1370s in architecture and the timeline.
	www.freewebs.com /information24/voip-architecture.html (129 words)

	UNESCO Collection of History of Civilizations of Central Asia : Online chapter (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The architecture of the fourteenth century is characterized by new construction techniques and architectural approaches.
		This was the architectural embodiment of a gigantic astronomical instrument: a circular, three-floored, multi-arched building cleft by the enormous curve of the sextant.
		Architectural ensembles are one of the outstanding achievements of urban development during this period.
	www.unesco.org /culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4218/chapitre2.htm (3520 words)

	Tapestry - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		It was woven by Nicolas Bataille (flourished late 14th century) in the 1370s and bears a religious narrative of the Revelation of St John the Divine.
		Shortly after the Gobelins workshop was opened, another major state-subsidized but private factory was established at Beauvais in 1664; it made tapestries for the nobility and rich bourgeoisie.
		Their monumental size and bulky, innovative materials clearly relate to the austerity and scale of modern architecture.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761564051___10/Tapestry.html (762 words)

	Ferns Castle, County Wexford
		Architectural details, however, suggest that it was not completed until the mid 13th century, when it was held by William de Valance.
		The castle evidently ceased being a residence in the early 14th century, for the ditch appears to have been filled by about 1310, while the building was in a bad state of repair by 1324.
		It was captured by the O'Tooles in 1331, recovered by Bishop Charnell shortly afterwards, and seems to have stayed in the hands of the Bishopric of Ferns until the 1370s when it was taken by the MacMurroughs.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/travel/attractions/castles/Wexford/ferns.shtm (417 words)

	Past Exhibitions \| Freer and Sackler Galleries
		In the 1370s, the charismatic but brutal Turkic warlord Timur, also known as Tamerlane in the West, swept out of Central Asia and conquered a vast territory that extended from Anatolia—in present-day Turkey—to the borders of China.
		Despite its imposing quality and intricate detail, grand architecture is seldom the primary subject of Chinese painting and often serves merely as a decorative backdrop to human events and activities.
		This period marked the first great efflorescence of Chinese architectural painting and set the standard for centuries to come, with many later works claiming to preserve the appearance of lost originals from the Song and Yuan dynasties.
	www.asia.si.edu /exhibitions/past.htm (10416 words)

	gaiyo_2_e
		In comparison to this, architecture in Delhi from the 15th century to the mid-16th century showed a decline in the momentum to seek large-scale architecture or new styles, despite the fact that the number of remnants increased.
		While from the mid-16th century, Bengal, Gjarat and Malwa became under the power of the Mugharid and their architectural style changed, there is a consistency in the style in Deccan from the 14th century to the late 17th century.
		There seems to be an intention to follow Islamic architecture in the Middle East in these buildings, judging by the fact that they have a large iwan-like pylon in the middle of prayer room, and great domes connected to each other behind the prayer room.
	www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp /~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/index/gaiyo2_e.htm (1478 words)

	Russian Arts - Russian Visa Service
		Elizabeth (1741- 61) reverted to more ornate architecture in her commissions, favoring the designs of Bartolomeo Rastrelli, born in Italy and raised amid the creation of Versailles.
		While the tenets of socialist realism remained treacherously ill-defined (an artist could be exiled or worse for failing to adhere to them, however earnest the intent), they involved a return to realism along the lines of the 19thcentury peredvizhniki, as well as a depiction of `reality in its revolutionary development', as it was infamously decreed.
		Experimentation in architecture was an immediate casualty of the socialist realist doctrine, as monumental neoclassicism replaced constructivism.
	www.visaexpress.net /russia/arts.htm (4423 words)

	Translated by WordPort from Nota Bene ver. 4 document 1305SYL.TCH
		In terms of formal analysis, the Renaissance in architecture marks a return to the vocabulary and (in part) the compositional principles of classical architecture, and hence a return to the foundations of western art.
		The Renaissance from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo: the representation of architecture
		Architecture of the Renaissance: From Brunelleschi to Palladio (at Carnegie)
	www.pitt.edu /~tokerism/1305/haa1305-syllabus.htm (2572 words)

	World Architecture Images- Venetian Arsenal
		At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the Arsenal employed some 16,000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one ship each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly-built galley with standardized parts on a production-line basis not seen again until the Industrial Revolution.
		The staff of the Arsenal also developed new firearms at an early date, beginning with bombards in the 1370s and numerous small arms against the Genoese a few years later.
		Improvements in handguns led to their muzzle velocity (and therefore their ability to penetrate armor) exceeding that of the crossbow.
	www.essential-architecture.com /VE/VE-009.htm (642 words)

	Scottish Gothic Churches and Abbeys :: The English Decorated and Perpendicular styles and their European context
		This phase of architecture in England is sometimes described as 'Decorated', along with later work, but I prefer the term Geometric as appropriate to the 1245-1280 period and clearly distinguished from what follows.
		Around 1320/30 it appears in French architecture and became the most distinctive feature of its later development, sometimes burying whole façades in flame-like tracery, hence the French term for it, Flamboyant (literally flame-like, but the English use of the word is certainly appropriate for it too).
		Edward III, however, had no choice of father other than his own: his own monarchy had to be created by making the most of the limited sympathy that could be gathered from the premature demise of Edward II and allegiance with his enemies' enemies.
	www.arthist.arts.gla.ac.uk /gothic_open/html/dec_perp.htm (1676 words)

	Works of Art (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Summary: Historical background, growth and architectural development of churches and other religious institutions, and the extent of late-Medieval documentation for churches and their furnishings, ca.12th-15th cs.
		Lindley, Phillip. “The Fourteenth-century Architectural Programme at Ely Cathedral.” England in the fourteenth century: proceedings of the 1985 Harlaxton symposium.
		Suggests the extension was to accommodate the shrine of S. Etheldreda and discusses this in the wider context of the renewed promotion of indigenous saints in the late 12th and 13th cs.
	holycross.edu /departments/visarts/projects/kempe/text/cathedrals.htm (4561 words)

	Mini-Guide to Historic Prague
		A sculpture of the Emperor himself looks down from the central level of the facade, next to his son Wenceslas and in the middle St.Vitus under whose protection the bridge was given.
		Beyond the breathtaking rooftop views of the city at the entrance to the castle complex are a number of attractions.
		Architecturally the most interesting in the Jewish Quarter, it is still used by today's Orthodox Jews.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/RJWinters/p-guide.htm (7720 words)

	Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Very little is known about them; they are believed to have been born in the late 1370s or 1380s and were born into an artistic family, their father being a wood sculptor and their uncle being an artist working variously for the French Queen and for the Duc de Bourgogne.
		Architecture burgeoned with the construction of the massive and luxurious Chateau de CHAMBORD and Chateau de Fontainebleau.
		In its exaggerated elegance and complex fantasies combining sculpture, painting, and architecture, the school of Fontainebleau represented a high point in the development of Mannerism.
	medieval.mrugala.net /Enluminures/TRHBerry/tr-heure.htm (5553 words)

	Prologue to Kosovo: The Era of Prince Lazar
		The church was one of the first examples of a new architectural style that would continue to enrich the countryside of Serbia for the next half century.
		Lazar devoted a great effort in the early years of the 1370s to consolidating his authority in the northern regions of Serbia and to creating the structure of a strong and unified principality.
		In the anonymous biography of Patriarch Sava IV, written in the late 1370s, both Lazar and Isaiah are portrayed as being intimately involved in bringing about reconciliation.
	www.srpska-mreza.com /bookstore/kosovo/kosovo10.htm (4399 words)

	Trier--Germany's Oldest and "Most Splendid City" by John Dornberg
		The Dom St. Nikolaus (St. Nicholas Cathedral), founded as a collegiate church in 1188, is a masterpiece of Gothic brick architecture, renowned for its 22 monumental stained glass windows from 1430 to 1460 and for the 13th-century sandstone figures on its rood screen.
		In the 1370s, after he had won control of the Brandenburg march from the Wittelsbach dynasty and conferred the title of margrave and elector on his son Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV enlarged the castle and designated it as his second capital and residence, after the Hradcin in Prague.
		The cathedral is not only a masterpiece of medieval architecture but a repository of stunning ecclesiastical art, of which the finest objects are the intricate stone carvings on the rood screen, the choir pews, sculpted stone candelabras, and the early- 15th-century stained-glass windows.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1997/9704_01.html (5663 words)

	2nd millennium BC Information
		The Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and their contemporary Kings of Babylon, of Amorite origin, brought good governance without too much tyranny, favoured elegant art and architecture without overblown exaggeration, painstakingly achieved a good general balance that lasted only a short while.
		Farther east, the Indus Valley civilization was in a period of decline, possibly as a result of intense, ruinous flooding.
		These actually became very colorful times, with new emphasis on grandiose architecture, new clothing fashions, vivid diplomatic correspondence on clay tablets, renewed economic exchanges, and the New Kingdom of Egypt playing the role of the main superpower.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/2nd_millennium_BC (1058 words)

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