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Topic: 1375 BC

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	CalendarHome.com - 14th century BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Erechtheus II of Athens.
		1334 BC/1333 BC - Death of Smenkhkare, Pharaoh of Egypt and co-ruler with Akhenaton.
		1334 BC/1333 BC - Death of Akhenaton, Pharaoh of Egypt.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /14th_century_BC.htm (662 words)

	Knossos
		Knossos was inhabited for several thousand years, beginning with a neolithic settlement sometime in the seventh millennium BC, and was abandoned after its destruction in 1375 BC which marked the end of Minoan civilization.
		The first palace on the low hill beside the Krairatos river was built around 1900 BC on the ruins of previous settlements.
		It was immediately rebuilt to an even more elaborate complex and until its abandonment was damaged several times during earthquakes, invasions, and in 1450 BC by the colossal volcanic eruption of Thera, and the invasion of Mycenaeans who used it as their capital as they ruled the island of Crete until 1375 BC.
	www.ancient-greece.org /archaeology/knossos.html (788 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Ancient Egypt
		In the late sixth millennium BC farming villages appeared in the Nile Valley.
		From around 3500 to 3000 BC there were great and very sudden advances in craftsmanship and technology, which culminated in the working of copper, stone mace heads and ceramics.
		c.3100 BC The process of consolidating the single kingdom is completed by the founding of a new capital at Memphis, strategically situated at the junction of the Nile Valley and the Delta.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsAfrica/EgyptAncient.htm (1296 words)

	A BABYLONIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SENNACHERIB AND HIS GRAND VIZIER
		For the C12th BC period the next substantial ruler of Babylon after Nebuchednezzar I - and not connected to the latter's dynasty - was one Adad-apla-iddina (c.1067-1046 BC, conventional).
		One indication that I may be on the right track in attempting to merge the C12th BC king of Babylon, Nebuchednezzar I, with the C8th BC king of Assyria, Sennacherib, is that one finds during the reign of 'each' a vizier of such fame that he was to be remembered for centuries to come.
		BC papyri that were discovered at the beginning of the 20th cent.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /the_grand_vizier.html (3759 words)

	A-Z Historic Cities of North Africa quiz -- free game
		D. This city in Egypt on the eastern mouth of the Nile, west of Port Said, was conquered by the Crusaders in 1219 and taken by the French Crusaders in 1249.
		M. This city in Egypt was traditionall the capital of Menes (ca.3100 BC) and of most rulers of the Old Kingdom and of the Middle Kingdom down to the XVIIIth dynasty.
		Z. This ancient town in Tunisia was the scene of a decisive defeat of the Carthagians under Hannibal by the Romans under Scipio Africanus in 202 BC.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=190223 (634 words)

	Solar Physics: 1223 BC to 250 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The oldest eclipse record is found on a clay tablet uncovered in the ancient city of Ugarit, (in what is now Syria), with two plausible dates usually cited: 3 May 1375 BC or 5 March 1223 BC, the latter being favored by most recents authors on the topic.
		It is certainly clear that by the eight century BC, the Babylonians were keeping a systematic record of solar eclipses, and may even have been able to predict them fairly accurately based on numerological rules.
		One of the major intellectual achievement of ancient Greece is the physical model of the cosmos developed by Aristotle (384-322) An essential feature is the place occupied by the Earth at the center of the Universe, with the Sun, planets and sphere of fixed stars revolving about that center, the Sun occupying the fourth sphere.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/Timeline.A.html (1135 words)

	HupSoft - Stories - Acient Times
		By about 20 BC, surviving documents show that Chinese astrologers understood what caused eclipses, and by 8 BC some predictions of total solar eclipse were made using the 135-month recurrence period.
		The Vienna papyrus which described lunar and solar eclipses and their portent was probably copied by a scribe in the late second century AD, and presents knowledge of astronomy that is regarded as Babylonian in nature.
		By 450 BC, the Greek civilization was in its ascendancy.
	home.wanadoo.nl /hup/se/stories/acient.htm (1825 words)

	artnet.com Magazine Reviews - From Ishtar to Aphrodite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most of the items date to between 1450 BC and the 1st century BC, a period during which Cyprus, the eastern-most island in the Mediterranean, was overrun by various invaders.
		For example, a tiny silver pendant figure of a male protective deity standing on a deer was made between 1410 and 1300 BC, not that far in time from the two female figures.
		A cast and hammered sword dated to 1200-1100 BC exudes power and is a reminder of the introduction of new warfare techniques brought into Cyprus by a huge influx of new settlers, the first Greeks.
	www.artnet.com /magazine/reviews/karlins2/karlins12-22-03.asp (617 words)

	Establishing a Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If taken as 400 this would take us to 1002.5 BC or past the beginning of the reign of David, but this overlooks the 40 “years” of Saul’s reign since Saul was the first king of Israel not David so that can’t be right.
		The date for the so-called Flood works out as 1614 BC which is close to the Dendrochronological date of 1628 BC for the time of Thera Eruption in the Aegean and close to the date given by Ice Core analysis of about 1610 BC and the Carbon dating of 1650 BC.
		Nimrod/Nefrod of the same Generation as Cainan the son of Arphaxad could be Amehotep I 1550 BC known as Nefer-kheferu-re, and Phaleg whose name means division may refer to Egypt being divided in the reign of Tutmoses III 1503, but nothing is certain before Noah.
	www.atmb12.dsl.pipex.com /agamemnon/myths/bible/EstablishChronology.htm (6866 words)

	Hittites
		But in the capital city was awaiting a bad surprise for him, on returning from his campaigns, ha was murdered by his brother in law, and an interregnum period began in Anatolia at the cost of loss of territories captured and conquered earlier.
		This destruction happened in about 1200 BC, and the Hittites have never been able to restore their state again.
		The vacuum created by the disappearence of the Hittites in Anatolia was filled by the Luwians a native community, Phrygians the people of the King Midas, and by Urartians in the eastern Anatolia.
	www.geocities.com /resats/hittite.html (780 words)

	Hattusa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before 2000 BC a settlement of the apparently indigenous Hatti people was established on sites that had been occupied even earlier.
		In the 19th and 18th centuries BC, merchants from Ashur in Assyria established a trading post here, setting up in their own separate quarter of the city.
		The city was destroyed around 1200 BC, leading to the collapse of the Hittite empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hattusas (1045 words)

	Greek Timeframe
		City-states are formed throughout the Mediterranean that function as political units or polis, each ruled by a king and a council.
		384 BC Aristotle, student of Plato, is born.
		332 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeats Persians at Issus in 333 BC and is given Egypt by the Persian Satrap.
	library.thinkquest.org /10805/timeframe-g.html (418 words)

	Hattusas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Hittites were an Indo-European people who moved into Anatolia around 1375 BC, conquering and assimilating the local inhabitants, the Hatti.
		Hattusas was destroyed in 1200 BC by the "sea peoples".
		A break in the right hand walls leads to another chamber which is thought to have been used for funeral rites of kings.
	www.mindspring.com /~tcomden/travel/Turkey/Hittite/Hattusas.html (393 words)

	Eclipse - Bailey's Beads - Crystalinks
		A total eclipse of the Sun was visible from the Greek island of Ithaca on April 16, 1178 BC.
		A solar eclipse of 16 June 763 BC mentioned in an Assyrian text is important for the Chronology of the Ancient Orient.
		Records of solar eclipses from the Han dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) are found primarily in two official histories: the Han-shu and the Hou-han-shu.
	www.crystalinks.com /eclipse.html (3672 words)

	Mystery Babylon Revealed: Article-Overview Of The Bible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Time Period: Around 1440 BC Date Written: 1450 – 1410 BC Theme: Giving of the bulk of the law (both the moral commands, which are still binding on Christians, and the ceremonial laws which were largely symbolic, and pointed forward toward truths to be revealed in Christianity).
		Time Period: Sometime between 1100 - 1000 BC Date Written: Sometime between 1050 – 1000 BC or 700 – 680 BC Theme: A “slice of life” during the end of the period of the Judges, recording how a gentile woman came to be in the line of David, and thus, the line of Christ.
		Time Period: 970 - 853 BC Date Written: Compiled sometime between 700 – 586 BC Theme: David’s death, the reign of Solomon (last king of a united Israel), how the nation divided into two kingdoms (Israel and Judah), and the early reigns of the kings in the two divisions.
	www.mystery-babylon.us /bible.html (1302 words)

	NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Technology Through Time - Babylon
		Babylonian clay tablets (such as the one to the left listing eclipses between 518 and 465 BC) record the earliest total solar eclipse seen in Ugarit on May 3, 1375 BC.
		Their tool was the so-called Saros-cycle: this is the period of 223 synodic months (or 18 years and 11.3 days) after which lunar and solar eclipses repeat themselves.
		According to J.M Steele at Durham University, UK, comparison of 61 solar eclipse predictions made by Babylonian astronomers after 800 BC against modern predictions has revealed that all of the Babylonian predictions relate to events that were visible somewhere on the Earth's surface, however often far away from Babylon.
	sunearthday.nasa.gov /2006/locations/babylon.php?css=default (338 words)

	Notes on Nehemiah - Background
		930 BC The United Kingdom divides and becomes the Northern Kingdom of Israel (capital Samaria) and the Southern Kingdom of Judah (capital Jerusalem)
		Ezra is described as “a scribe skilled in the law of Moses, which the Lord God of Israel had given” (Ezra 7:6).
		A wall on the east crest of Ophel well above these would appear to be that built by Nehemiah, as he could not clear the debris left by the Babylonian destruction.
	www.path-light.com /Nehemiah01.htm (1353 words)

	list17
		Early Mycenaean Period (LH I - IIIA 1) 1550-1375 BC Late Mycenaean (LH IIIA 2 and IIIB) 1375 - 1200 BC Mycenaean post-palatial (LH IIIC) 1200-1100 BC Tholos tomb
		Limestone grave stele, Grave Circle A, Mycenae upper register: spirals, lower register: spirals, chariot drawn and man on foot.
		BC, from the Cult Center (Room of the Fresco).
	www.utexas.edu /courses/classicaldig/list17a.html (197 words)

	WORLD HISTORY TIMELINE: Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		by 1350 BC Egyptian hold on Palestine began to decline
		1090-940 BC Decline of centralized authority led to power struggle between priests and nobles
		945-745 BC So-called "Libyan Dynasty" founded in Lower Egypt by desert raiders from west of the Nile Delta
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his101/TIMELINE/T-EGYPT.HTM (263 words)

	Federation Timeline
		7500 BC Construction and launch of the Yonada by the Fabrina, built to ensure the survival of their species as their sun prepared to nova.
		c.3500 BC Several humans are taken from Earth by an unknown group of aliens, in order that their descendants might be trained to return to Earth covertly to ensure its survival.
		Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds to defeat the Persians.
	stportal.tripod.com /federation_timeline.htm (19205 words)

	Historical Shoe Designs/Front Tied Shoes and Boots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sole is cowhide, the upper is calf, lace is calf.
		(BC 72 [250] <4039>, dock construction, c.1330-50) (illustration after Mitford).
		(BC 72 [79] <2513>, dock infill, c.1375-1400; BC 72 [83] <1920>, dock infill, c.1375-1400) (illustration after Mitford).
	www.personal.utulsa.edu /~marc-carlson/shoe/SHOES/SHOE37.HTM (277 words)

	Astrology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		639 - 546 BC Thales who studied in Eygpt but left nothing in writing, is said to have predicted an eclipse which caused much alarm and ended the battle between the Medes and Lydians.
		Greek astrology takes on a more personal form, the Zodiac and planets being made to correspond to figures from their mythology; the Stoics are especially receptive to astrology.
		190 - 120 BC Hipparchus who may be regarded as the founder of observational astronomy measured the obliquity of the ecliptic.
	astrology.worldwidemediums.com /astroinfo/history.html (2536 words)

	The Greeks - End of Mycenean Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Myceneans, named after their capital, Mycenae, thrived between 1600 BC and 1200 BC and built huge monumental structures and citadels, such as the 1,100-meter long 'Lion's Gate' at Mycenae.
		Accomplished traders and seafarers the Myceneans conquered the older Minoan civilization, based on the island of Crete, around 1375 BC.
		The bronze armor, pottery, and ivory found in the unique beehive-like tombs of Mycenean nobles also suggests they came to dominate trade in the eastern Mediterranean until the collapse of their civilization in the 12th century BC.
	www.pbs.org /empires/thegreeks/keyevents/1200_c.html (227 words)

	Bible Notes - Introduction to Joshua
		Some interpreters believe the book was completed in the seventh or sixth centuries BC after a long process of compilation by unnamed editors as part of a large history influenced by the themes of Deuteronomy.
		The date for Joshua's death that is commonly accepted is 1375 BC.
		Thus the book embraces the period of Israelite history between 1400 and 1375 BC; it appears that the stories contained in Joshua were compiled some time later.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/wedigmontana/Joshua.html (2412 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Chronology: Dynasties
		Egypt was ripe for invasion because of (A) complacency; (B) Erosion of central authority; (C) Egyptian army was ill-equipped and unprepared for war.
		Queen Hatshepsut is one of the rulers of the XVIII Dynasty.
		Amenhotep I (1412-1375 BC); (A) Great-grandson of Thutmose III; (B) During his reign the Egyptian Empire expanded its' borders to the greatest extent; (C) Time of relative peace because of the strength of Egypt.
	www.crystalinks.com /egypt3.html (1560 words)

	Toprak Home Page
		They swept into Anatolia around 2000 BC and conquered the Hatti, from whom they borrowed both their culture and their name.
		From about 1375 BC to 1200 BC, this was the great and glorious capital of the Hittite Empire.
		As at the other Hittite sites, movable monuments have been taken to the museum in Ankara, though there is a small museum on the site and a few worn sphinxes, and good has-reliefs have been left in place.
	web.deu.edu.tr /atiksu/turkiye/bogaz.html (1759 words)

	Archive of NASA IMAGE Space Science Questions and Answers
		By about 20 BC, surviving documents show that Chinese astrologers understood what caused eclipses, and by 8 BC some predictions of total solar eclipse were made using the 135-month reoccurrence period.
		The oldest known copies of an almanac date from 1220 BC at the time of Ramses the Great, and later in 1100 BC Amenhope wrote the 'Catalog of the Universe' in which he identifies the major constellations known by that time.
		By 700 BC, the Greek civilization was in its ascendancy.
	image.gsfc.nasa.gov /poetry/ask/a11846.html (1909 words)

	Great Moments in Solar Physics 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is therefore not surprising that such a spectacular event is often mentioned in surviving written records and chronicles of ancient civilizations.
		Because of their possible astrological significances, reports of naked-eye sunspot observations are indeed to be found in many ancient chronicles and court chronologies.
		A much older possible description of the corona is said to be found on engraved oracle bones dating from the Shang dynasty in China (1766 to 1123 BC), but is far more ambiguous and open to interpretation than Diaconus' description.
	web.hao.ucar.edu /public/education/sp/great_moments.html (2723 words)

	Ziggurats Iraq - Sialk - Choqa Zanbil - Crystalinks
		Sialk is a large ancient archeological structure in Kashan, Iran.It is claimed to be the world's oldest ziggurat, dating to the 3rd millennium BC, tucked away in the suburbs of the city of Kashan, in central Iran, close to Fin Garden.
		The Sialk ziggurat has 3 platforms, and although the ziggurat itself was built in 2900 BC, it still predates Urnamu's Ziggurat at Ur, which was built in 2100 BC.
		Sialk, and the entire area around it, is thought to have first originated as a result of the pristine large water sources nearby that still run today.
	www.crystalinks.com /pyramidiraq.html (877 words)

	Timeline of the Bible
		before 2000 BC to 1000 BC c.2100 BC Abram (later renamed Abraham) moves from Ur to Canaan.
		c.1900 BC Jacob's son Joseph is sold into Egyptian slavery by his own brothers.
		c.1500 BC The Israelites greatly increase in population and then become slaves of Egypt.
	www.mustardseed.net /timeline/timeline3.html (319 words)

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