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	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
		In 69 BCE, the two enemies concluded a treaty: the Euphrates would be the border.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Modern Israel-Jerusalem through Coins
		Herod Archelaus, 4 BCE to 6 CE Valerius Gratus, 15 to 26
		Herod Archelaus, 4 BCE to 6 CE 10 Shekels
		Herod Archelaus, 4 BCE to 6 CE AE Prutah.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confIsrael.htm (968 words)

	Monks and Merchants \| The Silk Road, a Larger View
		The Silk Road itself was pioneered sometime during the mid-first millennium BCE and not established as a regular trade route until near the end of that millennium.
		In 220 BCE a confederation of northern nomadic tribes, collectively known as the Xiongnu, greatly increased the political and military threat of the steppe peoples to China's northern frontier.
		In 138 BCE, the Han emperor sent an envoy, Zhang Qian, to what the Chinese called "the western regions" to scout out the territory and try to form an anti-Xiongnu alliance with a western people, the Yuezhi.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/monksandmerchants/silk2.htm (1743 words)

	Delos
		The remains of a building, located to the northwest of the three Temples of Apollo, with three restored columns of grayish blue marble belong to a stoa that faced the sea and is associated with the Artemision (Sanctuary of the goddess Artemis).
		The northernmost shrine of the Establishment of the Poseidoniasts from Beirut was dedicated to the the worship of the goddess Roma.
		A characteristic work of the closing years of the 2nd century BCE, the garments with their rich draperies are consistent with Hellenistic tradition and in no way recall the goddess' relationship to Egypt, which was perhaps indicated only by her head.
	www.grisel.net /delos.htm (3994 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Due to a childhood injury, having have lost his manly powers, Philetaerus never got married and had no son, so decided to adopt his nephew Eumenes as his heir to the throne of his small kingdom that he was just building.
		Although Eumenes I (263-241 BCE), has never used the title of King, he is regarded as the first king in the line of Attalid dynasty who ruled the Pergamum Kingdom for five generations.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Parni
		They are unknown before the third century BCE, the country where they lived, along the river Syr darya (Jaxartes), was occupied by the tribe that the Persians knew as the Dahâ[?] (litterally 'robber Scythians').
		It is likely that this tribe disintegrated after the fall of the Persian empire; the new rulers, the kings of the Seleucid[?] dynasty, were never able to control the country of what is now Mazandaran, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
		In the years that followed, their kings recognized the Seleucid king as their superiors, but under Mithradates I(171-138 BCE) they conquered Media, Babylonia, and Elam.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Parni.html (358 words)

	BCE Emergis shares plunge on revenue warning; BCE cuts guidance
		BCE Emergis (TSE:IFM)shares tumbled more than 40 per cent Thursday after it warned that some expected first quarter revenues had not materialized, prompting the company to forecast a loss of between $25 million and $30 million for the quarter.
		BCE Emergis forecast its first quarter total revenues to be in the range of $128 to $138 million and expects to post a $17 million to $22 million operating loss.
		BCE (TSE:BCE)Thursday lowered its earnings guidance for the first quarter because of the problems at its BCE Emergis subsidiary.
	www.cbc.ca /news/story/2002/03/21/emergis_020321.html (1189 words)

	Zhang Qian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		113 BCE), was a Chinese explorer and imperial envoy in the 2nd century BCE, during the time of the Han Dynasty.
		The report of Zhang Qian's travels is quoted extensively in the 1st century BCE Chinese historic chronicles "Records of the Great Historian" (Shiji) by Sima Qian.
		Fresco describing Emperor Han Wudi (156-87 BCE) worshipping two statues of the Buddha, Mogao Caves, Dunhuang, c.8th century CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhang_Qian (2175 words)

	China to the Fall of the Han Dynasty
		Liu Bang died in 195 BCE at the age of sixty, and in death he was given the honorific name Gaodi.
		And in 138 BCE, Wudi sent China's first known explorer, Zhang Qian, to Parthia, west of Bactria, to establish relations with the Kushan (Yuzhi).
		In 6 BCE, Chengdi was succeeded by Ngaidi, who lived in the company of homosexual boys, one of whom he appointed commander-in-chief of his armies.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch14.htm (10412 words)

	Visual Arts: The Art of Parthians
		circa 50 BCE - 50 CE omination of Iran and Mesopotamia was wrested from the Seleucids by the Parthians, a people said to have been originally a Scythian tribe but who obtained the name by which they are known in world history from the eastern Iranian province of Parthava.
		Its economic importance in the second century BCE is documented by a delegation sent to the Parthian capital by the Han emperor Wu-ti (141-87 BCE).
		The obverse of these coins shows the great king with a distinctive profile and long beard; from the middle of his reign he was shown with a tall cap decorated with rows of pearls and jewels, which formed a large star on the side.
	www.iranchamber.com /art/articles/art_of_parthians.php (3429 words)

	Turkey Substates
		Artemisia is said to have returned to Halicarnassus and ruled till her own son was of age, her kingdom prospering from her good relations with Persia.
		Artemisia's popularity and fame was such that many of the wives of the Kings of Halicarnassus were named after her till well into the 4th century BCE.
		BCE 43-28 Regent Dowager Queen Polemakratia of Asten and Odryseem (Thrakia).
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /turkey_substates.htm (787 words)

	Silk Road - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Around 1950 BCE, in the reign of Mentuhotep III, an officer named Hennu made one or more voyages to Punt.
		A very famous expedition was conducted by Nehsi for Queen Hatshepsut in the 15th century BCE to obtain myrrh; a report of that voyage survives on a relief in Hatshepsut's funerary temple at Deir el-Bahri.
		Soon after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, regular communications and trade between India, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, China, the Middle East, Africa and Europe blossomed on an unprecedented scale.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/i/l/Silk_road.html (4541 words)

	SELEUCID EMPIRE
		Antiochus IV, 175-164 BCE, Tetradrachm, AR, 16.9g, 1 1/16" dia., AR, Ake mint, Judas Maccabee defeated Antiochus IV and cleansed temple.
		Following an abortive attack on Ptolemaic Egypt he lost the northern part of his Kingdom to the usurper Alexander Zebina, and in 125 BCE was murdered in Tyre.
		Was driven from Antioch in by cousin Antiochus X in 94 BCE.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/seleucidPic.htm (1921 words)

	Pergamon, Bergama, Turkey
		The General revolted against the rule of Thrace, and when news came of the death of Lysimachus in 232 BCE, Philetaerus used the 9,000 talents to set up his own kingdom, calling it the Attalid Kingdom (named after the nephew of Philetaerus).
		He built the Doric Temple to Athena and a theatre on the steep western slope (170 BCE).
		The now decimated altar of Zeus to commemorate the victory of Attalus I was built in his reign, as well as the 200,000 volume library, which rivaled Alexandria.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/pergamon.htm (852 words)

	Persian Empire By Pejman Azadi - The Parthia (Ashkanian) Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		By 129 BCE the Parthians were in control of all the lands right to the
		In 41 BCE Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria,
		A compromise was worked out between the two empires: in the future, the king of Armenia was to be a Parthian prince, but his appointment required approval from the Romans.
	pejman.azadi.googlepages.com /theparthia(ashkanian)empire (2157 words)

	Parthia (1)
		At an unknown moment, its inhabitants were subjected by the Medes, who ruled the first Iranian empire until they were subdued by the Persian leader Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE.
		After Hystaspes had received as reinforcements the troops which had captured Phraortes at Rhagae (Tehran), he was able to attack the Parthians and Hyrcanians near the Parthian town Patigrabana (July 11).
		When Darius' son Xerxes attacked Greece in 480 BCE, the Parthian contingent was -according to the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus- commanded by Artabazus, the son of Pharnaces, the chief economic official of the Achaemenid empire.
	www.livius.org /pan-paz/parthia/parthia01.html (722 words)

	Parthia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		An Shih Kao, a Parthian nobleman and Buddhist missionary, went to the Chinese capital Loyang in 148 AD where he established temples and became the first man to translate Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
		The date ΓΟΡ is the year 173 of the Seleucid era, corresponding to 140–139 BC.]] Map showing the Persian Empire of Parthia in the 6th century BCE (including locations of Bactria, Gandhara, Scythians, etc.) The Armenian compromise served its purpose, But nothing was arranged for the deposition of a king.
		After 110, the Parthian king Vologases III was forced to dethrone an Armenian leader, and the Roman emperor Trajan -a former general- decided to invade Parthia.
	parthia.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2699 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Greece
		The Acharnians 425 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
		The Frogs 405 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
		The Wasps 422 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook07.html (2613 words)

	Philadelphia, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The city lay along a fault line, and is subject to frequent and sometimes powerful earthquakes, making the task of recovering the past in archaeology a difficult one.
		The city may have been founded by Eumenes King of Pergamum (197-160 BCE) in the C2BCE, and the name was likely after his brother Attalus (later reigned 159-138 BCE), who through loyalty won the title Philadelphus (brother love).
		The city was handed over to Roman rule in 133 BCE on the death of Attalus III.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/philadelphia.htm (329 words)

	Ancient Roman History Timeline III
		Was elected tribune of the people in 133 BCE, and fought for reforms of benefit to the plebeians.
		Marius was Roman general and statesman who led the popular party in the civil war of 88 to 86 BCE.
		He was elected tribune of the people in 123 BCE, and attempted the continuation of popular reforms.
	www.exovedate.com /ancient_timeline_three.html (1309 words)

	Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia - Parthian Empire (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE.
		The Parthian empire occupied all of Iran proper, as well as the modern countries of Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, eastern Turkey, eastern Syria, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates.
		In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan.
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /a/Parthian_Empire/id/541202 (2959 words)

	CTCWeb Glossary: S sacerdos to synoris)
		- a Mediterranean seaport town in Spain on the Palencia River, in Valencia; an ally of Rome in 221 BCE against Hannibal and the Carthaginians; it was besieged by Hannibal from 219-218 BCE, then captured; in 214, the Romans recaptured Saguntum and made it a Roman municipium.
		86 BCE, died 35 BCE; wrote monographs on the Catilinarian conspiricy, Bellum Catilinae, and the Jugurthine War, Bellum Iugurthinum, in addition to a lost Histories.
		1050 BCE; by the 9th century BCE defensive walls were present and the city possessed the earliest known Greek religious shrine in Anatolia, the Archaic temple of
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/glossary/glossarys.html (2065 words)

	Zhang Qian (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Zhang Qian leaving emperor [[Han Wudi, for his expedition to Central Asia from 138 to 126 BCE, Mogao Caves mural, 618-712 CE.]] Zhang Qian (Chinese:&24373;&39467;; died 113 BCE) was a Chinese explorer and imperial envoy in the 2nd century BCE, during the time of the Han Dynasty.
		The objective of Zhang Qian's first mission was to seek a military alliance with the Greater Yuezhi (&26376;&27663;), in modern Tajikistan.
		Fresco describing Emperor [[Han Wudi (156-87 BCE) worshipping Two statues of the Buddha, Mogao Caves, Dunhuang, c.8th century CE.]] Around 120 BCE, one of these missions may have brought the first Buddhist statues to China.
	zhang-qian.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1864 words)

	Zhang Qian
		In 138 BCE, Zhang Qian (pronounced JANG-CHYEN) set out through the tall stone gates of Chang’an, the capital of Han dynasty China.
		He rode at the head of a caravan of 100 Han soldiers, riding into the dusty, unknown lands to the west.
		He was again captured and held a year before managing to escape with his wife, his son and one companion, returning to Chang’an in 125 BCE, thirteen years after setting out.
	www.bangorschools.net /hs/SR/zhangqian.html (653 words)

	Mons Esquilinus
		It is the largest of the “Seven Hills” of Rome, and up to the time of Augustus, was one of the original four regions of Rome, dating back to the days of the union of the Esquiline and Palatine settlements (roughly the mid 8th Century BCE).
		These Regiones Quattuor are often referred to as the Servian city, and the districts were recognized as the main divisions of the city up to the end of the Republic.
		Macaenus(60/70’s BCE — 8 CE), Augustus’ close and trusted advisor, had fresh soil brought to the area, spreading it 30 feet deep across the carnarium and puticuli, and on top of this early land reclamation project built a huge garden, full of statuary and scenic groupings of small out-buildings.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/324618 (1175 words)

	Bin Yang \| Horses, Silver, and Cowries: Yunnan in Global Perspective \| Journal of World History, 15.3 \| The History ...
		Emperor Wu of Han (140–87 BCE) then dispatched his envoys and troops to pacify local polities around Yunnan, with the expectation that he could open this road for his sake.
		In the year 138 BCE, Zhang Qian volunteered to be the Han envoy to the Western Regions (xiyu) where he was supposed to forge an alliance with the Yuezhi people against the Xiongnu, who posed a major threat to the young, ambitious Emperor Wu (140–87 BCE) of the Western Han dynasty (220 BCE–9 CE).
		All these tombs are dated before the Qin unification in 221 BCE and demonstrate that cowries were present in Yunnan before the late third century BCE.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/15.3/yang.html (13737 words)

	Herod (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Herod Archelaus,4 BCE to 6 CE, prutah, AE, 2.2g, 9/16" dia.,O: Bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf on left; above "Herod" in Greek R: Tall helmet with crest and cheek straps viewed from front, caduceus below, below "ethnarch" in Greek (Similar helmet on Seleucid Tryphon (142 to 138 BCE) coin.)
		Herod Antipas, 4 BCE to 40 CE 4 BCE to 40 CE AE 19.
		Herod Phillip, 4 BCE to 34 CE Herod Philip, 4 B.C.E.-34 C.E. Meshorer 5, AE 18.
	members.verizon.net.cob-web.org:8888 /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/herodpic.htm (705 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Saguntum was originally an early Iberian settlement that revolved around farming, and was mainly composed of Iberians with a few Greek traders.
		In 350 BCE, many Greeks moved in and imposed a heavy Greek influence on the natives.
		The Romans, led by Scipio, retook Saguntum in 138 BCE.
	abacus.bates.edu /~jimboden/history.htm (643 words)

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