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	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was not until the 2nd century BCE that the Parthians profited from the continuing erosion of Seleucid power and gradually captured all of their territories east of Syria.
		In 139 BCE, the Parthian king Mithridates I captured the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius Nicator, and held him captive for ten years, while his troops overwhelmed Mesopotamia and Media.
		By 129 BCE the Parthians were in control of all the lands right to the Tigris River, and established their winter encampment at Ctesiphon on the banks of the Tigris downstream from modern Baghdad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parthia (2967 words)

	Learn more about Chanukah in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chanukah was instituted by Judah Maccabee and his brothers in the year 165 BCE., to be celebrated annually with joy as a memorial of the dedication of the altar in the Temple in Jerusalem.
		168 BCE: Under the reign of Antiochus IV, the Temple is looted, Jews are massacred, and Judaism is outlawed.
		83 BCE: Consolidation of the Kingdom in territory east of the Jordan River.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ch/chanukah.html (1048 words)

	BCE Inc. : Bell Canada Enterprises Reports Second Quarter Results
		BCE no longer considers its investment in MTS as strategic and, subject to any applicable regulatory approvals, intends to dispose of it.
		BCE's 2004 Second Quarter Shareholder Report is also available on the Web sites maintained by the Canadian securities regulators at www.sedar.com and by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov.
		BCE's 2004 Second Quarter Shareholder Report will be sent to BCE's shareholders who have requested to receive it on or about August 9, 2004.
	www.bce.ca /en/news/releases/bce/2004/08/04/71526.html (4036 words)

	Tell el-Far'ah - Archaeology Timeline
		The attempted revolt of Josiah's son Jehoiakim in 600 BCE against the Babylonians resulted in the destruction of Judah and began the forced exile of its elite to Babylon; thus beginning the period of the Babylonian Exile.
		In 539 BCE Cyrus II entered Babylon, thus ending the period of the Babylonian exile and ushering in a new period of prosperity and reconstruction within the region of the Eastern Mediterranean under the Persians.
		This alliance was renewed again in 139 BCE and because of intermittent Roman activity in the orient, the stage was set for the entrance of Roman general Pompée between 66-62 BCE.
	farahsouth.cgu.edu /timeline/main.htm (3466 words)

	Hebrews, History Of Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Already in 139 BCE the Jews of Rome were charged by the praetor (civil administrator) with attempting to contaminate Roman morals with their religion, presumably an allusion to proselytism.
		In a work on the analogical interpretation of the Law of Moses, Aristobulus in the 2nd century BCE anticipated Philo in attempting to harmonize Greek philosophy and the Torah, in using the method of allegory to explain anthropomorphisms in the Bible, and in asserting that the Greek philosophers were indebted to Moses.
		The Wisdom of Solomon, dating from the 1st century BCE, shows an acquaintance with the Platonic doctrine of the preexistence of the soul and with a method of argument known as sorites that was favoured by the Stoics (Greek philosophers).
	ragz-international.com /history_of_judaism.htm (16181 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
		In 69 BCE, the two enemies concluded a treaty: the Euphrates would be the border.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cause, or causes, of this catastrophe is one of the hotly debated issues in Near Eastern and Mediterranean archaeology.
		In the later of the two, a massive four-chambered city gate was built (similar to the one built, probably during the Omrid dynasty, at Megiddo).
		The end of the 8th C. BCE saw the great expansion of the Assyrians, and the devastation of the realm of Israel, along with all other kingdoms which tried to resist it.
	www.hum.huji.ac.il /dor/Periods.html (5588 words)

	BCE Sells Excel to VarTec - Discount Long Distance Digest - 139-021
		The final proceeds of disposition were US $227.5 million, which have been paid in the form of five-year interest-bearing promissory notes.
		Originally, it was estimated that BCE would receive approximately $250 million in exchange for Excel.
		BCE is receiving no cash from the sale, and will not transfer Excel's C$1.3 billion in debt to VarTec.
	www.thedigest.com /more/139/139-021.html (240 words)

	Persia: Parthians and Hellenes: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		246 BCE- Antiochus II dies at Ephesus (summer) and is succeeded by Seleucus II Calinicus (246-226/5), but in Asia Minor by Antiochus Hierax (246-226).
		In 92 BCE?, Mithridates II was able to conclude the first treaty between Parthia and Rome establishing the Euphrates as a mutual boundary.
		20 BCE - Standards captured from the Romans at the defeat of Crassus in 53 BCE., from L. Decidius Saxa in Syria in 40 B.C., and from Antony in 36 BCE.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/persia/politics01.html (1252 words)

	The Berzin Archives - Historical Sketch of Buddhism and Islam in Afghanistan
		In 317 BCE, however, the Indian Mauryan Dynasty took Oddiyana from the Seleucids and thus the area was only superficially Hellenized during this short period.
		In 197 BCE, the Graeco-Bactrians conquered Oddiyana and Gandhara from the Mauryans.
		Balkh had been the birthplace of Zoroaster in about 600 BCE It was the holy city of Zoroastrianism, the Iranian religion that grew from his teachings and which emphasized the veneration of fire.
	www.berzinarchives.com /islam/history_afghanistan_buddhism.html (5651 words)

	Peter and Paul . In the Footsteps of Paul . Tarsus . 3 \| PBS
		By the middle of the second century BCE the Hebrew Bible had been translated into Greek -- known as the Septuagint -- and there was a Jewish community in Rome.
		The center of the diaspora community was the synagogue, where the community gathered to pray, study Jewish law, and observe the Sabbath.
		Thanks to legislation sponsored by Julius Caesar and Augustus, among others, Jewish religious liberties were protected by law: Jews were exempt from certain state rituals and festivals; their synagogues were exempt from the Roman ban on secret societies; and the annual Temple tax of a half-shekel was allowed to be collected.
	www.pbs.org /empires/peterandpaul/footsteps/footsteps_1_3.html (624 words)

	Hellenistic Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After being conquered by Alexander the Great (332 BCE), Palestine became part of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt, the policy of which was to permit the Jews considerable cultural and religious freedom.
		When in 198 BCE Palestine was conquered by King Antiochus III (247–187 BCE), of the Syrian Seleucid dynasty, the Jews were treated even more liberally, being granted a charter to govern themselves by their own constitution, namely, the Torah.
		When Pompey entered the Temple in 63 BCE as an arbiter both in the civil war between Hyrcanus and Aristobulus and in the struggle of the Pharisees against both Jewish rulers, Judaea in effect became a puppet state of the Romans.
	www.kat.gr /kat/history/Rel/HellenisticJudaism.htm (6431 words)

	HEBREWS. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to School Term Papers
		The first king of the Israelites in 1029 BCE was Saul who came from the tribe of Benjamin which was between the northern tribes of Ephriam and the southern tribes of Judah.
		The Assyrian power quickly diminished by 598 BCE and was quickly taken over by the Babylonians under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar who swiftly conquered Jerusalem and exiled 10,000 followers of Judah.
		In 301 BCE Ptolemy I attacks Palistine and sends all the Jews to Alexandria The bible (the Septuagint) was translated into Greek in Alexandria circa 250 BCE.
	www.schooltermpapers.com /essay/007949.html (1496 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, in a letter dated to around 1780 BCE we see a diviner refusing to accept a bad omen suggested to him by an eclipse of the moon until he had confirmed it by extispicy (Barton 1994, page 11).
		Within the world of divination, sky omens increased in importance, gaining the ascendancy over extispicy in the seventh century BCE (Barton 1994, page 14); and in the fifth century BCE the new astronomical understanding was used as the basis of the earliest known horoscope.
		As early as 139 BCE, astrologers had been expelled from Rome, and between 44 BCE and 180 CE, between eight and thirteen similar decrees were passed, often in response to unrest (Barton 1994, page 50).
	www.goethe.de /br/sap/macumba/spencer2.htm (8008 words)

	Chanukah : Hanukkah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chanukah was instituted by Yehudah Maccabe and his brothers in the year 165 BCE., to be celebrated annually with joy as a memorial of the dedication of the altar in the Temple in Jerusalem.
		After having recovered Jerusalem and the Temple, Judas ordered the latter to be cleansed, a new altar to be built in place of the polluted one, and new holy vessels to be made.
		165 BCE: The Jewish revolt against Syria is successful.
	www.termsdefined.net /ha/hanukkah.html (1107 words)

	The Ecole Initiative: Christianity in Crete
		In the Hellenistic era Crete came under the influence of the Ptolemaic dynasts of Egypt, who established a garrison and naval base at Itanos and ties with other cities.
		The incessant wars among the Cretan cities brought Roman intervention early in the second century BCE, but it was not until Metellus' conquest of the island in 68-7 BCE that it was absorbed by the Empire.
		15:23, for example, cites Gortyna as one of the cities to which the Roman Senate sent its proclamation of 139 BCE warning against the molestation of Jews.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/articles/crete.html (1383 words)

	Ohr Somayach :: Chanukah :: The Chanukah Story
		After Alexander was poisoned to death in 3454 (407 BCE), the Greek Empire was divided into four among the rulers Ptolemy, Selecus, Antigonus, and Philippus.
		In 3610 (151 BCE), the Northern ruler, Sylvacus-Sautier, was murdered.
		Although Mattityahu was advanced in years, in 3621 (140 BCE), he and his sons led guerilla warfare against the mighty Greek Empire.
	www.ohr.org.il /special/chanukah/history.htm (2085 words)

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		When in 198 BCE Palestine was conquered by King Antiochus III (247–187 BCE), of the Syrian Seleucid dynasty, the Jews were treated even more liberally, being granted a charter to govern themselves by their own constitution, namely,
		From the time of John Hyrcanus (135–104 BCE) the Sadducees generally held a higher position in comparison with the Pharisees and were in favour with the Jewish rulers.
		The fact that the Jewish community of Alexandria was preoccupied in the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE with obtaining rights as citizens—which certainly involved compromises with Judaism, including participation in pagan festivals and sacrifices—shows how far they were ready to deviate.
	www.davieapostolicchurch.com /studies/Hellenistic%20Judaism.htm (6394 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.11.04
		After a concise survey of the political history of Palestine between 332 BCE and 167 BCE, B. discusses two royal decrees that stand symbolically for the changed situation.
		In 198 BCE Antiochus III allowed the Jews to live according to their ancestral laws.
		This is true for the capital itself; proselytizing Jews were expelled from Rome in 139 BCE because they threatened the religious homogeneity of Roman society.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-11-04.html (1974 words)

	ROOTSWOMEN.COM - The Egyptian Great Year and Christianity
		It is known that the Kemetic New Year and the heliacal rising of Sirius coincided in 139 BCE, 1321BCE, 2781BCE, and 4241BCE which is when it was officially adopted.
		As the spring equinox passed through a zodiacal sign, an age was inaugurated that was seen to symbolically, mythically and physically dominate earthly life during the 2160 years.
		68 BCE, the people of the lower Nile observed fish symbolism and it was within two centuries that Christianity, complete with fish symbols [note that the disciples were said to be fishermen] began its run.
	www.rootswomen.com /articles/egyc.html (5730 words)

	Faith, service, and religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And, it may surprise some, it shares much with holidays such as Christmas and Yule and other winter celebrations across the world and throughout history--a celebration of light and life in a period of darkness, of hope reborn and renewed in the darkest time of the year.
		On Chanukah, we Jews commemorate the re-"dedication" of G-d's Holy Temple in Jerusalem on the 15th of Kislev 139 BCE.
		As the Temple's menorah was relit and the miracle of having oil enough to last one day but the menorah stayed lit for eight, we also light a menorah adding a candle each night until all eight and the shamas candle are all alight.
	disc.server.com /discussion.cgi?disc=208699;article=4507;title=Faith,%20service,%20and%20religion (186 words)

	Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 139 BCE, the Parthian king Mithridates I captured the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius Nicator, and held him captive for ten years, while the Parthians overwhelmed Mesopotamia and Media.
		In the 1st century BCE, the Parthians intervened frequently in eastern Mediterranean politics from their capital at Ctesiphon.
		After their defeat the Parthians, at this point no doubt a thin stratum of nobles, seem to have vanished with few traces.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/pa/Parthia.htm (742 words)

	Chocolate Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Under the treaty of 139 BCE, Rome became a patron of Hasmonean Judea and issued an order to the kings of neighboring lands not to attack Judea and to extradite to the Hasmoneans all those Jews who rebelled against them and then fled Judea.
		In 139 BCE there was no conquest, just a treaty between Rome and the Hasmoneans, but the Jews, doubtless, learned about the Latin language of the Romans – when somebody becomes your patron, you are extensively introduced to his language, as modern Israelis’ acquaintance with American English can teach.
		In 63 BCE there was no “exile resulting in world-wide scatter” and no Jewish slaves were “brought back by boat to Egypt to be sold as slaves.” In fact, there was no deliberate exile of the Jews from the Land of Israel at any point in the Roman era.
	www.nctimes.net /~mark/bibl_science/Rubin_Gottl.htm (5563 words)

	Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		640 BCE, the Achaemenid domain was partitioned, and Anshan retained autonomous rulers until absorption of Persida, creating the first Persian Empire.
		Co-conspirator with Darius the Great in the assassination of the usurper Smerdis (522), Gobryas thereupon gave his daughter to Darius while marrying Darius' sister, and was invested with the wealthy province of Elam.
		The Medians were originally nomadic and may have been connected to the Scythians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /iran.html (2841 words)

	Qumran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		16 from Herod Archelaus (4 BCE - 6 CE)
		1 Tyrian coin (53/54 CE) found in a lamp with a coin from Caesaria dated 67/68 CE Note: De Vaux concludes that the hoard was buried between 9/8 BCE and 1 BCE/1 CE.
		Trench A was the location north of the compound where the rubble from the destruction of level Ib was dumped.
	www.menorahcoinproject.org /qumran.htm (440 words)

	Sicily, Italy (Photo Archive) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Greek and Phoenician interests, the former expressed mostly by the rulers of Syracuse, the latter by Cartage, soon collided violently, and for centuries Sicily was regularly ravaged by war, between the the cities of Greek origin and Cartage or between the Greek cities themselves.
		Some cities perished in the wars, such as Motya in 397 BCE and Selinunte in 250 BCE.
		Syracuse was the last part to be taken in 212 BCE after the death of Hiero II.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/613_Sicily.html (3789 words)

	Moshiach and the World Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To appreciate the importance of Moshiach's arrival, one must first appreciate that the Jewish people are in exile, as we have been for thousands of years.
		This is true even with the present-day State of Israel; "exile"from a Torah perspective can occur even when the Jews are living in Israel, as was the case during the Greek Exile (319-139 BCE) which ended with the miracles of Chanukah.
		In other words, "exile", from a Torah-perspective, is defined as "anything short of a complete and perfect Torah society living on the Land of Israel under the leadership of Moshiach.
	www.members.aol.com /cling2treeoflife/moshiach2.htm (3175 words)

	Ohr Somayach :: Chanukah :: The Chanukah Story
		In 3442 (318 BCE), the 19-year old Alexander succeeded his father, Phillipus, as Greek ruler.
		Megilat Antiochus relates that in the year 3618 (143 BCE), Antiochus sent his general, Nikanor, to Jerusalem, along with military support.
		Mattityahu was outraged by the desecration of the Holy Temple, the religious persecution, and assimilation by the Hellenists.
	ohr.edu /special/chanukah/history.htm (2085 words)

	Mark
		In 139 BCE we hear of Chaldaens and Jews alike being driven out of Rome.
		The fourth-century BCE Brindisi Disc is the earliest known depiction of the zodiac in Europe.
		In the sixth century BCE the Orphic poet Onomacritus rewrote the story of Dionysus and introduced the motif of the divine child killed and eaten by the 12 Titans.
	members.cox.net /deleyd/religion/mark.html (1791 words)

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