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Topic: 1400 BCE

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1400s BC

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	Indo-Iranians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The standard model for the entry of the Indo-European languages into India is that this first wave went over the Hindu Kush, either into the headwaters of the Indus or the Ganges (and probably, both).
		The most powerful of these kingdoms was Magadha, which lasted until the 4th century BCE, when it was conquered by Chandragupta Maurya and annexed into the Mauryan empire.
		The first Iranians to reach the Black Sea may have been the Cimmerians in the 8th century BCE, although their linguistic affiliation is uncertain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Iranians (1091 words)

	Ancient Days :: The Exodus - Conquest Dating Fiasco :: by David Livingston
		1400 BC is the approximate biblical date for the Conquest of the Promised Land by the Israelites.
		Cities at the end of the MB Period may be described as having the greatest fortifications in all the history of the Land.
		In fact, a 1400 BC date seems so certain, based on solid evidence, that we cannot help but wonder whether many scholars have simply ignored Garstang and “gone with” Kenyon for their own personal reasons.
	www.ancientdays.net /datingfiasco.htm (3079 words)

	Andronovo culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture (1500-800 BCE), which is sometimes asserted to be non-Indo-European, and at other times to be specifically proto-Iranian.
		The earliest historical peoples associated with the area are the Cimmerians and Saka/Scythians, appearing in Assyrian records after the decline of the Alekseyevka culture, migrating into the Ukraine from ca.
		the 9th century BCE (see also Ukrainian stone stela), and across the Caucasus into Anatolia and Assyria in the late 8th century BCE, and possibly also west into Europe as the Thracians (see Thraco-Cimmerian), and the Sigynnae, located by Herodotus beyond the Danube, north of the Thracians, and by Strabo near the Caspian Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andronovo_culture (1064 words)

	CHRONO-FILE for BIBLICAL and EARLY CULTURES Section-2a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From Akhenaton to the Babylonian Siege of Jerusalem (1780 to 586 BCE):
		By 800 BCE and certainly by 796, Assyria had to have a direct impact on Syria and Adad-nirari III (also, 'Ramman-nirari III') was beginning to invade to the west.
		Close to the year 745 BCE in divided Israel, Jeroboam II in the north and Uzziah in the south reached the end of their reigns in Judah.
	hometown.aol.com /eilatlog/chronofile/timeculture_S_02a.html (4648 words)

	[No title]
		By the end of the sixth century, philosophers begin to question the metaphysical nature of the cosmos with inquiries into the nature of being, the meaning of truth, and the relationship between the divine and the physical world.
		Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
		342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/grpage.htm (1812 words)

	..:: LES DRUIDES DU QUéBEC /\|\ ::..
		In 390 BCE the Celts resume their expansion over Europe by invading Central Italy, where in 387 BCE, allied with Etruscans, they destroy the Roman army, capture and plunder Rome.
		And in 187 BCE, the last heir of the Asokan dynasty was killed by one of his commanders.
		Weakened by its isolation, Galatia became in the 2nd century BCE, the protectorate of the Pontic kingdom, and by the next century, became a province of Rome.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/boutios/timeline.html (3530 words)

	Mycenae
		The fortified palace complex of Mycenae, uncovered by the archeologist Heinrich Schliemann in 1874, is one of the earliest examples of sophisticated citadel architecture.
		The site was inhabited since Neolithic times (about 4000 BCE) but reached its height as the center of Aegean Civilization in about 1400 BCE, dominated before that time by the Minoans from Crete.
		1250 BCE when the walls of the fortress were realigned to enclose Grave Circle A. The walkway to the gate, about 15 m long and 7 m wide, is flanked by high walls which would have allowed the defenders ample opportunity to hurl missiles at anyone approaching the gateway.
	www.grisel.net /mycenae.htm (949 words)

	ArtLex on Egyptian Art
		1400 BCE, 18th Dynasty, Burial Scene from the "Book of the Dead" of Nebqued, painted papyrus, height about 30 cm, Louvre.
		Egypt, 203 BCE, Rosetta Stone, a slab of granite, 3 feet 9 inches x 2 feet 4 inches wide x 11 inches thick (118 x 77cm), the remains of a stele inscribed in three scripts: hieroglyphic, later Egyptian demotic -- a cursive form of ancient Egyptian, and ancient Greek.
		Carved on the stone is a decree by Egyptian priests to commemorate the crowning of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, king of Egypt from 203 - 181 BCE The Stone is an icon of script and decipherment.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/e/egyptian.html (1006 words)

	History of Jewelry - 800-830-8660 Shop Israel
		2500 BCE - Gold wires are characterized by seam lines that follow a spiral path along the wire.
		1400 BCE - Egypt Amarna period, using resin and mud for repoussé backing.
		1400 BCE - Deliberate addition of zinc to copper in Canaan.
	www.judaic.com /jewish-jewellery/jewellery/jewelry-history.html (644 words)

	notes2
		Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)- The Persian emperor Darius retaliated and attacked Attica (the peninsula dominated by Athens) in 490 BCE.
		Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)- The Greek military strategy early in the war was to slow the Persian invasion long enough to allow the Greek navy the chance to attack the Persian fleet.
		Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus (around 133 BCE)- Tiberius was elected a Tribune of the plebeians in 133 BCE and proposed redistributing public lands to provide landless peasants with small farms.
	users.gloryroad.net /~cmonte/WHnotes2.html (11022 words)

	The Holocaust in Historical Context
		Persian Zoroastrianism of the 7th and 6th centuries BCE brought spirituality to the Hebrews, namely the ideas of salvation, resurrection from the dead, and the coming of a spiritual savior.
		The agrarian population settled in and Jerusalem was rebuilt.
		In 458 BCE, King Ezra gave the force of royal sanction to recognition of the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) as the basis of the religion of Law (the Law was the gift of God).
	www2.dsu.nodak.edu /users/dmeier/Holocaust/his395lt.html (1737 words)

	I. Perspective
		This places the time frame for Greek mythology somewhere between 1400 BCE to sometime in the late Roman Republic/early Empire.
		Sumerian culture is believed to have existed at least since the end of the fifth millennium, pushing the social consciousness of mythological events depicted therein to a conservative 4000 BCE.
		Of course, the Sumerian civilization, itself, ceased to exist sometime around the turn of the second century BCE, at which time significant alterations were made to an already extant Sumerian mythology.
	home.nycap.rr.com /foxmob/sumer_pantheon01.htm (1216 words)

	The Henna Page - The History of Henna
		The religion these people practiced was the predecessor to the religions of all the people in the ancient Middle East, and henna seems to have been used by all of these people as part of their adornment and belief system.
		There are many statuettes from Crete and Mycenae from the period 1700 BCE to 900 BCE that show goddesses synchronous with Anath, with raised hands that appear to be ornamented with henna.
		There are numerous artifacts from Iraq, Palestine, Greece, Egypt, Crete and Rome from 1400 BCE to 1AD that show women with henna patterns on their hands.
	www.hennapage.com /henna/history/index.html (1420 words)

	Caananite City-States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Vassals of Egypt, they threw off Egyptian control in the 1200's BCE and established hegemony over the city-states and tribes of northern Canaan.
		In the pre-Hyksos era Hazor was among the more powerful states of the Levant, dominating most of northern Canaan, Bashan and parts of southern Syria as far away as damascus.
		Following the end of Egyptian rule c.1200 BCE, it was probably under the dominion of Hazor.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Caananites.html (2971 words)

	Erowid Psychoactives Vault : Psychoactives in History
		One of the oldest known complete books, the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt, describes the medical use of hundreds of plants including a recommendation for what is believed by some to be the opium poppy to induce sleep.
		1400 BCE - First alphabetic language is developed by the Phoenicians.
		Bhang (dried Cannabis leaves, seeds and stems) is mentioned in the verses of the Hindu Atharva Veda as "Sacred Grass", one of the five sacred plants of India.
	www.erowid.org /psychoactives/history/history_article1.shtml (2896 words)

	The Walls of Jericho
		1550 BCE city does in fact show a collapsed defensive wall, residential, commercial and civic areas burned to ruins and evidence of a recent harvest that occurred just prior to the city’s destruction, matching some of the descriptions for Jericho’s devastation at the hands of Joshua’s army as told in the Bible’s narrative.
		This is circular reasoning; Bimson moves the end of the MBA to 1400 to fit the biblical date, and the biblical date is correct because the MBA was 1400 BCE (since Bimson just moved it there).
		The 1430 BCE date from Bimson still wouldn’t fit with the biblical information because these pharaohs still dominated Palestine through the end of the MBA and beyond, regardless of when the MBA is dated.
	www.theskepticalreview.com /palmer/jericho.html (15342 words)

	Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 743 BCE the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III led an expedition to Syria to fight the growing power of Urartu.
		I have not seen any names of rulers or satraps of this place, but the roll-call of cultures and empires to have occupied the site over the last 3600 years or so is compelling enough to record it here.
		To rid the Mediterranean of pirates he introduced legislation in the Senate [67 BCE] that made Pompey supreme commander of the sea and all territory within a 50 mile radius.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Syria.html (2491 words)

	The Iliad and Oral Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Their capital was Knossos, on Crete, and they had a highly complex society with a written language, Linear A. Their culture dated from 2900 to 1150 BCE, although the Myceneans began to conquer them around 1400 BCE.
		The Myceneans thrived from 1600 to 1150 BCE, and also had a written language, Linear B, which has been deciphered and is an older form of ancient Greek.
		BCE, that is, to the time of the Myceneans.
	www.religion.ucsb.edu /faculty/thomas/classes/rgst80a/lectures/lec8.html (1334 words)

	ARTH 101-910 lecture 3
		2500 bce, marble, 30 in., Amorgos, Cyclades (early bronze age).
		1400 bce, bronze, gold and silver, Mycenaean/Minoan, shaft graves Mycenae, Greece.
		Copyrights: The use of the full-size digital images is restricted to University of Pennsylvania faculty, students, and staff (for more information).
	www.arthistory.upenn.edu /smr04/101910/101910lecture3.html (120 words)

	Late Bronze Age - Archeology from the Miller Permanent Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The immigration of the Hebrews into Egypt is usually placed between 1700 and 1600 B.C.E. The Egyptians conquest of Canaan and the Hebrew exodus from Egypt into Canaan occurred during the Late Bronze Age (1500 - 1200 B.C.E.).
		He succeeded in building a strong Hebrew nation, but the cultural zenith of the Hebrew kingdom was reached during the reign of Solomon, David's son (about 950 B.C.E.).
		Israel, the Northern portion, was destroyed in 722 B.C.E. The Southern kingdom, Judah, survived until 586 B.C.E., when it was overrun by the Babylonian armies.
	www.jewishmuseum.net /Permanent/Late_Bronze.htm (348 words)

	Solar Eclipses: -1399 to -1300 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively.
		Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates.
		Thus, the year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and year -100 corresponds to 101 BCE, etc..
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEcat/SE-1399--1300.html (758 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For dates and ages given in the books as approximates, I've placed entries at the further (older) end of the ranges.
		Dates for events in BCE Ireland were taken from the Annals of the Four Masters as published on the Celt Corpus of Electronic Texts.
		14th century : 1301 - 1400 CE circa 1300 - Great Human-Fae War; second weirding is performed (first draining of 'wild magic' from the courts); Rhys looses the majority of his magic [SbM pg.
	www.mojoworld.net /tsds/timeline.htm (1689 words)

	AP Art History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Populations first settled in the region during the lower paleolithic and established village life during the early neolithic.
		The three cultures were dominated by the sea, that allowed them to develop with a wealthy trade economy, and acted as a natural defense against their enemies.
		But unlike the peaceful Minoans, the culture of the Mycenaeans was dominated by military encounters and the building of fortifications and strongholds.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /llefler/ch4ah.htm (314 words)

	Mounds & Mound Builders
		The Egyptian pyramids date to 2700 BCE; in England, stone chambers called barrows were used as early as 2000 BCE; between 1700 and 1400 BCE, keirgans were used in central Siberia; and the burial mounds of the Choo Dynasty in northern China date to 1000 BCE.
		By testing the soil, archaeologists estimate the mound was built between 250 and 150 BCE by the Adena culture, which occupied the area from about 1000 BCE to 200 CE.
		The Criel Mound in South Charleston is the largest of approximately fifty conical type mounds of the Adena culture in an area west of Charleston extending to Institute.
	www.wvculture.org /history/mounds.html (996 words)

	Hittites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The land that the Hittites originally inhabited was known as Hatti, and their main city became Hattusha.
		This kingdom was founded by the leader, Labarna, and under later kings it was extended to cover all of central Anatolia, down to the Mediterranean Sea.
		The kingdom became strong enough to be able to raid Babylon in 1595 BCE.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hittites.htm (977 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But to know their purpose we would have to know what purpose they were produced for, and the human activities that made use of them are not recorded in Homer or evidence in other materials found with them.
		The relation between the popular Greek tale of Theseus and the Minotaur and the palaces of Crete is based upon the double-axe signature on the walls (labyrinth), not the rabbit warren of small chambers in the foundations.
		Between 1450 and 1375 BCE Mycenaean Greeks of the mainland invaded and took control of Crete.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/fall2003arth280website/aegean.html (6969 words)

	Summer Solstice at Stonehenge Video
		Since no stone monuments were built after 1400 BCE, they say a gap of half a millennium separates the last of the stone circles from the arrival of the Druids.
		Since then, they have realized that a more accurate picture is one of the gradual development of a variety of local and incoming tribes, who slowly evolved common Celtic languages, and copied artwork from continental Europe.
		If stone circles were no longer built in Britain after 1400 BCE and the Celts did not arrive until 500 BCE, the Druids could apparently not have been contemporary with megalithic monuments.
	www.druidry.org /obod/intro/stonehenge.html (378 words)

	THE AEGEAN WORLD: CRETE AND MAINLAND GREECE
		Persian War, 499-479 BCE: Ionian colonies; Darius I; Xerxes; Marathon (490); Thermopolae; Salamis [480; Themistocles and the tyrenes]
		The "martyrdom of Athens" and the Delian League
		The Peloponnesian Wars, 431-404: phase 1, 431-422: plague in Athens; Peace of Nicias; phase 2, 415-404 BCE: invasion of Melos; Spartan triumphs in 404 BCE.
	www.gpc.edu /~proseman/TELCORS/AEGEANWORLD.htm (329 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Alphabet
		This confusion regarding the earliest Greek is due to the fact that no archaeological remains of this script have been found thus far.
		The earliest examples only date from the 8th century BCE, when different scripts are already in evidence.
		Many scholars place the time of the Greeks' adoption of the alphabet from the Phoenicians sometimes between 1200 BCE and 900 BCE.
	www.ancientscripts.com /alphabet.html (1403 words)

	history chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		2900 BCE ------------------------- Crete is settled by emigrants from Caytal Huyuk (A.Minor)
		1800 BCE ------------------------- Patriarchal Invaders (the Hiksos) Conquer Egypt
		1200 BCE ------------------------ Dorians invade Greece and settle in the Peloponnesus
	www.edzone.net /~sjudd/history.chronology.htm (1098 words)

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