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	Italian Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		A primary characteristic of Italian art and architecture, particularly after the Renaissance, is that it has been strongly affected by the cultural legacy of Italy's Classical past.
		Although Christian art and architecture predominated in Italy at this time, Islamic forms of decoration reached the country with the Saracen conquest of Sicily in the 9th century, and even outlived the effects of the Norman invasion of southern Italy that took place in the 11th century.
		By far the most significant painter of the Early Renaissance was Masaccio, who in the 1420s reacted against the the artificial elegance of the International Gothic style, as practised in Florence by Lorenzo Monaco and Gentile da Fabriano.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781533649/Italian_Art_and_Architecture.html (2313 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		He was born in Florence and in 1420 became an assistant to the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, and aided him in executing the bronze north doors of the Florence Baptistery.
		In the 1420s and 1430s as partner of the sculptor Donatello, he worked on tombs for antipope John XXIII (in the Baptistery) and other notables.
		Later, for the same patron, he built the magnificent Medici-Riccardi Palace (1444–60) in Florence, a notable example of 15th-century Italian architecture and one of the outstanding monuments preserved in Florence today.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..mi100700.a (206 words)

	Italian Art and Architecture - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The paintings and relief sculptures of this period often contain Classical architectural settings that are themselves reflections of the buildings that were being erected in Florence at the time.
		The most important early Renaissance architect is Filippo Brunelleschi, whose perfectly proportioned buildings revived the language of Classical architecture, in contrast to the Gothic style that was flourishing in most of Europe.
		A purer form of Classical architecture was created by a younger architect, Leon Battista Alberti, who also wrote an early explanation of perspective in his Trattato della Pittura (Treatise on Painting) of 1435.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_781533649___5/Italian_Art_and_Architecture.html (1147 words)

	Renaissance art and architecture. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the 1420s Hubert and Jan van Eyck developed an extremely effective technique of oil painting, and with it the ability to render the most subtle variations of light and color.
		During the Renaissance the ideals of art and architecture became unified in the acceptance of classical antiquity and in the belief that humanity was a measure of the universe.
		In his works he was strongly influenced by the writings of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius; the books of both men served as a basic source of inspiration for later architects.
	www.bartleby.com /65/re/Renaisart.html (1785 words)

	Shirvanshah Palace
		The Shirvanshahs’ Palace ensemble is the biggest monument of the Shirvan-Apsheron branch of the Azerbaijani architecture.
		In the XV century following the rise of economic and political importance of Baku, which was one of the strongly fortified fortresses and the main port in the Caspian, Khalulullah, the Shah of Shirvan, transferred the Shirvanshahs’ residence from Shamakhy to Baku.
		This seems to be the remnants of the laying of the buildings belonging to the palace ensemble.In 1964 the complex was declared a museum-reserve and was taken under the state protection.
	www.window2baku.com /eng/shirvan/9sh_00shirvan.htm (203 words)

	ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART
		According to the tradition that developed, the revival of painting was due to a return to nature, the revival of architecture came about through the influence of classical antiquity, and the rebirth of sculpture resulted from a combination of the two influences.
		Architecture in the Renaissance, like the other arts, was essentially Christian, though influenced by classical ideas and especially by the architectural treatise of the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius, written in the first century B.C. The highest form of the art, for Renaissance architects, was the building of churches.
		His purpose was to adapt the principles of classical architecture to the needs of his time, and his most notable achievements were his churches.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/07.html (9278 words)

	Biography
		The architecture of these partnership projects resembles that of Brunelleschi and differs sharply from that of comparable works done by Donatello alone in the 1430s.
		The earliest and most important of these was the Feast of Herod (1423-27), an intensely dramatic relief with an architectural background that first displayed Donatello's command of scientific linear perspective, which Brunelleschi had invented only a few years earlier.
		Its richly decorated architectural framework of marble and limestone contains seven life-size bronze statues, 21 bronze reliefs of various sizes, and a large limestone relief, Entombment of Christ.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /bio/d/donatell/biograph.html (2245 words)

	Art Gallery : Artwork
		Solovetsky Monastery was founded in the late 1420s by monks Zosima and Savvatiy of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery.
		In the 15th and 16th centuries, the monastery quickly enlarged its estate, which was situated on the shores of the White Sea and the rivers falling into it.
		The architectural ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery is located on the shores of the Prosperity Bay (áóõòà Áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ) on the Solovetsky Island.
	www.gallery-worldwide.com /cmItem.jsp?id=3543&view=THEM (523 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Renaissance art and architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		RENAISSANCE ART AND ARCHITECTURE [Renaissance art and architecture] works of art and structures produced in Europe during the Renaissance.
		A radical break with medieval methods of representing the visible world occurred in Italy during the second half of the 13th cent.
		In his works he was strongly influenced by the writings of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius ; the books of both men served as a basic source of inspiration for later architects.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Renaisart_ArchitectureoftheRenaissance.asp (1913 words)

	Mexico Desconocido: architecture The houses Juan O'Gorman made for Diego and Frida and the story of their restoration ...
		The history of architecture usually consists of a series of gradual alterations in the panorama of human existence, to the extent that the changes can pass unperceived.
		Some architecture students kept up with what was happening in Europe by reading Vers une Architecture by Le Corbusier, and they learned from their own architecture.
		Today they are of double interest; their architectural merit and the fact that their first owners were who they were.
	www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx /english/cultura_y_sociedad/arte/detalle.cfm?idsec=14&idsub=52&idpag=694 (1772 words)

	A2Z Languages - Italy - Country Guide: Art
		The 5th- and 6th-century architecture and mosaics of Ravenna (such as Sant' Apollinare Nuovo and San Vitale, Ravenna) represent the richest fusions of Roman, Greek, and Byzantine styles.
		Until the 14th century, sculpture was controlled by the scale and structure of the buildings it enhanced, and was seen as an adjunct of architectural style.
		In Florence, however, there was a reaction against the decorative Gothic styles in the 1420s in the paintings of Masaccio, the sculptures of Donatello, and the architecture of Brunelleschi, who had formulated the mathematical principles of perspective.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Italy/countryguide/art.htm (1721 words)

	Architecture timeline - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished, completing largely the design for the civic structures for the new city deisgned by Le Corbusier.
		John Entenza begins the Case Study House Program in Arts and Architecture magazine.
		The 1937 World's Fair in Paris showcases Nazi and Soviet architecture and Art Deco.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Architecture_timeline (2417 words)

	Florence and Central Italy, 1400-1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		(1377–1446) turns his attention to architecture, developing systems of linear perspective and proportion which he demonstrates in two experimental panels (now lost) depicting the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio) and the Baptistery in Florence.
		Florentine citizens led by Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360–1429) undertake the rebuilding of the Church of San Lorenzo, an eleventh-century structure.
		In both projects, Michelangelo infuses architectural space and detailing with the energy and tension of a Mannerist sculptural vocabulary.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/eustc/ht08eustc.htm (3354 words)

	Renaissance art and architecture - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The dome of Santa Maria del Fiore is an architectural marvel today, and in 14th-century Florence its engineering was astonishing...
		population position bodies human architecture architecture elements of facade art band of people bunch of...
		Scianna/Magnum PhotosKeywords: architecture architecture elements of art set of beliefs set of beliefs architecture religious architecture christianity church monument...
	www.highbeam.com /ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:Renaisart (2024 words)

	France, 1400-1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The dukes of Burgundy ally themselves with England, France's enemy in the Hundred Years' War, but their aid is unsolicited in the crushing defeat of French forces dealt by the English in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt.
		By the 1420s, England possesses most of France north of the Loire River, and the English king Henry V is named heir to the throne.
		At the turn of the sixteenth century, France is engaged in the Habsburg-Valois Wars for the takeover of several Italian city-states.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/euwf/ht08euwf.htm (1129 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		In the process of restoring the walls and towers specifically cut white-stone quad roes were found but it did not seem possible to study the constructive peculiarities of early masonry.
		Although the first monuments of the early Moscow stone architecture were closely tied in with the Vladimir-Suzdal architectural tradition, they were not a direct continuation of it.
		That period is considered to be the greatest historical landmark in the establishment of the Russian national art and culture when local architectural schools merged into a unified national school of architecture.
	www.caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/02-Kremlin-History-1.html (1944 words)

	Lectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Mongol invasions destroyed everything in its path but generally left the churches intact, because they were afraid to offend the gods of the people they conquered.
		Consequently, the Christian culture of music, art, architecture and literature survived and became the basis of Russian culture.
		In the 1420s the artistic potential of oil paint was discovered in Flanders (present day Belgium).
	jade.ccccd.edu /tsmith/lectures.htm (1228 words)

	Timeline of architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages.
		Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.
		Pei\'s pyramid addition to the Louvre is opened.
	www.sancarloscaus.com /section/Architecture_timeline (3240 words)

	Transdanubia 4
		Between 1297 and 1340 the city was surrounded by a three-fold wall system, the middle of which was based on Late Roman walls.
		Sopron had its golden age during the reign of King Sigismund (1387-1437) and enjoyed the authority of a special court of appeal from the 1420s onwards as one of the seven Free Royal Towns.
		Levan next to a Baroque fountain that graces the center square, with a view of the high tower in the background.
	home.pacbell.net /jbowen79/trnd4sopron.html (426 words)

	Archaeology (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		In the papal curia in the 1420s and after, some papal secretaries became expert archaeologists.
		The brilliant Leon Battista Alberti, Nicholas V's architectural adviser, roamed the entire city in order to learn how the Romans had built.
		His own book on architecture, the first modern one, offered modern readers a vast amount of archaeological information.
	www.lcweb.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/arch.html (2689 words)

	Luce Undergraduate Chinese Studies Grants - Reed College
		While laborers worked furiously on the Forbidden City in Beijing, so were engineers and workers dispatched to Wudang Shan to build a parallel Forbidden City at the apex of the central mountain.
		Renowned religious leaders were summoned from around the country to serve in the larger monasteries and temples and by the 1420s Wudang Shan became deserving (the dang in wudang meaning deserving) of its appellation `The Great Peak'.
		Though the ravages of the twentieth century certainly took its toll on the monuments of the mountain, efforts to protect the mountain from further damage finally materialized in 1953 when special funds were allocated to the region, and then in 1961 when the Golden Summit Shrine was listed as one of China's Major Cultural Relics.
	web.reed.edu /luce/wudang/wudang_3.html (692 words)

	Quaest.io on 15th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s 1470s 1480s 1490s
		As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500.
		Henry V of England, the English King who won the famous Battle of Agincourt in 1405 (1387 - 1422).
	www.quaest.io /?title=15th_century (744 words)

	Aztec Peasant Sites
		Our hypothesis that group 6 was the palace of a noble is based upon both the architecture and the artifacts.
		With a surface area of 540 sq meters, this compound is much larger than the typical commoner house at the site (commoner houses averaged around 20 sq meters).
		From historic documents, we know the area was conquered twice at about that time: once in the 1420s by the expanding Cuauhnahuac state and again around 1440 by the Aztec empire under the Mexica emperor Itzcoatl.
	www.public.asu.edu /~mesmith9/rural.html (2382 words)

	ARTSTAMPS_Architecture
		In the middle of the courtyard stands Saly's equestrian statue of King Frederik 5., the founder of the architectural complex built during his reign.
		In the south the big stair tower was built with a four-flight brick staircase - at this point something completely new in Denmark - at the same time the western tower was built.
		The watchman's gallery and round arch gables were probably influenced by the architecture of Venice, and were often seen
	www.artstamps.dk /ARTSTAMPS_Architecture.htm (3886 words)

	Chinese Architecture: National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
		When the Mongols seized power, the revived collection was taken to the new Mongol capital of Daidu (present-day Beijing) and then, in 1368, when the Ming Dynasty succeeded to power, it was moved southward to Nanjing.
		When the Ming Yong Lo emperor moved his capital back to Beijing in the 1420s the collection was given a seemingly permanent home in his palace in the Forbidden City.
		Through the ensuing centuries this private imperial trove continued to grow; Qing rulers (1644-1911) were especially avid collectors.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /taipei/NATLPM.htm (604 words)

	Saint Anthony Distributing His Wealth to the Poor
		Although he lived in the third century, the saint is depicted in contemporary guise.
		The arms of a prominent Sienese family appear over a doorway, and some of the architecture may reflect specific buildings in the city and surrounding area.
		Here are beggars with patches on their clothing, a blind man being led by his small dog, and on the balcony, the iron spikes that supported awnings against the summer sun.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/gg3/gg3-41357.0-biblio.html (275 words)

	REISEN NEPAL TOURS AND TRAVELS: ABOUT US, THE ROYAL TREK, ANNAPURNA ADVENTURE, ANNAPURNA SCANTUARY, JOMSOM-MUKTINATH, ...
		Located at the upper end of the Kali Gandaki River gorge, the deepest in the world Mustang is famous for its untouched cultures, its harsh landscape, its unique art and architecture, and some of its prehistoric caves are still used by passing travelers.
		One of the most striking aspects of the city is the local architecture.
		The roof of the house is used to store large stacks of firewood, often indicative of social status and wealth.
	www.reisennepal.com /mustangthelo.htm (758 words)

	Did Columbus discover Chinese food in America? \| csmonitor.com
		By the 1420s, the Chinese had six centuries of experience in ocean navigation.
		He's trying to unify what he says is a "mountain of evidence - wrecks, blood groups, architecture, painting, customs, linguistics, clothes, technology, artifacts, dye-stuffs, plants and animals transferred between China and South America - that points to a pervasive Chinese influence the length of the Pacific coast of Central and South America, and inland."
		His suppositions will seem preposterous to some, especially when he overexerts himself to explain every stray account of nonindigenous animals or the arrival of foreigners on certain shores as the work of these Chinese explorers.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0109/p15s01-bogn.htm (666 words)

	History of Art: From Paleolithic Age to Contemporary Ar
		Gothic is the term generally used to denote the style of architecture, sculpture, and painting that developed from the Romanesque during the 12th century and became predominant in Europe by the middle of the 13th century.
		The many variations within the style are usually distinguished by the use of chronological or geographical terms (for example, early, high, Italian, International, and late Gothic).
		The interest quickly spread during the early 15th century to the manuscript painters, who produced a series of extremely impressive landscape and architectural settings.
	www.all-art.org /history194_introduction2.html (3504 words)

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