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Topic: 145 BCE

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	Table of Contents
		Judah was repelled, however, in his attempt to drive the Syrian garrison from the rest of Jerusalem and was defeated near the village of Beth Zechariah, southwest of Jerusalem [162 BCE].
		After her death [67 BCE] he was deposed by his younger brother, Aristobulus, but with the support of Antipater he was restored to the high-priesthood after Roman forces wrested control of Jerusalem from his brother's aristocratic supporters [63 BCE].
		He was supported by the Sadducees but was driven from Jerusalem [65 BCE] by Arab armies of Nabatea [Jordan], who came to his brother's aid at the invitation of Antipater.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/temp.html (1617 words)

	[No title]
		The Shang Dynasty is known for its use of bronze containers, oracle bones, and human sacrifice, a practice that ends shortly after the collapse of the dynasty.
		479 BCE: China - The philosopher Mo-tzu, founder of Mohism, is born.
		145 BCE: China - The historian Ssu-ma Ch'ien, author of the Records of the Historian, is born.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/chpage.htm (937 words)

	History of Iran: Seleucid Empire
		In 301 BCE, Antigonos was defeated by a coalition of other generals, and Seleucus became master of Syria as well, and in 281 BCE he took Asia Minor and the wars of the Diadochs ended.
		At the age of eighty Seleukos was murdered by a fugitive Egyptian prince, but the throne passed on to Antiochus I (281-261 BCE), his son by Persian noblewoman Apamea, and after that to his son Antiochus II (261-246 BCE), who ruled as Great Kings from Samarkhand to the Aegean Sea.
		In 140 BCE, the Seleucid king Demetrios II deciced that enough was enough and summoned whatever resources he had to check the Parthian advance.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/seleucids/seleucids.php (1832 words)

	Ptolemy 6 Philometor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His reign was a period of heavy attacks from Egypt's neighbours, as well as the start of the internal conflicts that eventually would break the Ptolemaic dynasty.
		With the death of the Seleucid king Demetrius 1 in 150 BCE, Ptolemy 6 was offered the crown of this kingdom but he declined.
		Ptolemy 6 died in 145 BCE from wounds inflicted upon him in a battle in Syria.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ptolemy_6.htm (173 words)

	300BCE
		Jesus the son of Sirach (about 200 BCE), a Jewish scholar, wrote down a compilation of the wisdom he had gathered during his life.
		He extolled the value of health over riches, advised occupying a dwelling of one's own no matter how humble, advocated cheerfulness and being comfortable with one's life, warned against disruptive passions, and urged that one should not defraud oneself of one good day, for there is no luxury to be enjoyed in the grave.
		In this way, he shows how different viewpoints on historical events can emerge and how skepticism might be required when people in power describe their accomplishments and motives.
	www.humanistictexts.org /200bce-200ce.htm (862 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy VI Philometor
		The invasion of Antiouchus IV from Syria marked an important point in Egyptian history -- the intervention of Rome is all that kept the country from falling, and it brought the outlying cities of Egypt under Roman power.
		The country was still embroiled in war with Syria, despite the temporary peace of Ptolemy V and his political marriage to Cleopatra I. At the death of Cleopatra in 170 BCE, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt and Ptolemy was captured.
		In theory, his son Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater, succeeded him to the throne, however, he was put to death as soon as Ptolemy VIII (Physcon) could reach Egypt and claim it for himself.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/06pto6.html (494 words)

	Geography of Iran: History of Balkh (Bactria)
		In 356 BCE, in Macedonia was born, to king Philip and Olympia's daughter Ophan Epirote prince, a son who was destined to over throw the feared Persia.
		In 334 BCE, Alexander's 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry in the battle of Grunicus won a decisive battle and set the stage to conquer Asia minor.
		In 328 BCE, while preparing for the conquest of Arabia, he died of malarial fever at the age of 32, in the Babylon desert.
	www.iranchamber.com /geography/articles/balkh.php (2046 words)

	Translation - Etruscan Saeculae - Velthur Valerius
		145 BCE the fall and razing to the ground of Carthage (146 BCE), the great ancient ally of Etruria.
		From this outline we can conclude that the Etruscan nation was born in (approximately) 926 BCE and had a duration of approximately 980 years.
		Whichever reasoning is used however it is certain that the Etruscan nation was born long before the Romans with respect to the date of 753 BCE from Varro.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /posts/TT15MM57.html (769 words)

	africanfront.com (AUF)
		The remainder of the sea is trapped ni the depression, by basalt volcanic dykes, and gradually the water evaporates leaving massive salt flats, salt lakes and salt mines.
		1518 BCE Moses (of the Bible) is born at Memphis Egypt and is adopted by princess Neferubity Thutmosis (sister to Hatshepsut and Thutmosis II).
		327 BCE At Makaranda in Samarkand, Persia, during a drunken rage Alexander murders Cleitus Niger, the African King of Bactria, foster brother of Alexander and commander of the "royal squadron" of the Greek/Macedonian armies under Phillip and Alexander.
	www.africanfront.com /calendar.php (7778 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		1570-1546 BCE Reign of Ahmose I in Egypt; Nubian campaigns and the appointment of an Egyptian as the "Viceroy of Kush".
		671 BCE Esarhaddon speeds across Sinai with his camel cavalry and meets the Nubian and Egyptian forces of Taharka in the eastern Delta; Taharka is defeated and withdraws from Tanis and retreats to Memphis citadel.
		661 BCE Tanutamun defeated in Memphis and driven from Thebes that is sacked by Ashurbanipal.
	www.thenubian.net /chronology.php (3611 words)

	Greek Silver and Gold Rare Coins: Hellenistic Coin Portraits
		Coins were invented in the Kingdom of Lydia, in what is now western Turkey, in about 620 BCE (they were independently invented in China and India in about 600 BCE).
		Coinaage soon spread to the independent city states of Ionia on the Aegean coast, and then to the rest of the Greek world, which extended at that time from the Black Sea to Sicily and southern Italy.
		The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BCE until the Persian Wars in about 480 BCE.
	www.realtreasures.com /greekcoinage.htm (983 words)

	Rissho Ankoku Ron - a commentary, part 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1100-256 BCE) in China, the second involves the fall of the Western Chin dynasty (265-316), the third involves the death of Emperor Wu-tsung (r.
		770-720 BCE) of the Chou dynasty, while moving his court east to Loyang, observed that those living by the Yi River were no longer following the ancient customs of the Chou and were reverting to their own local rustic customs.
		He lived during the Warring States period (475-221 BCE) of Chinese history when the Chou dynasty was nothing more than a name and the princes of all the various states vied with each other over who would get to become the founder of a new dynasty.
	nichirenscoffeehouse.net /Ryuei/RAR21.html (2569 words)

	Heliocles I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		145-130 BCE, relative (son or brother) and successor of Eucratides the Great, was probably the last Greek king who reigned over the Bactrian country.
		The patricide might have led to instability, even civil war, which caused the Indian parts of the empire to be lost to Indo-Greek king Menander I.
		From 130 BCE a nomadic people, the Yuezhi, started to invade Bactria from the north and we could assume that Heliocles was killed in battle during this invasion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heliocles_I (291 words)

	Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There is a possibility that the 210 BCE Terracotta Army of the first Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang, with its colored life-size realism and technical virtuosity, may have been inspired by Greek statuary, as there is no prior evidence of any Chinese realistic life-sized human statues before the reign of Qin.
		However, contacts were kept with his Greek neighbours in the Seleucid Empire, a dynastic alliance or the recognition of intermarriage between Greeks and Indians were established (described as an agreement on Epigamia in Ancient sources), and several Greeks, such as the historian Megasthenes, resided at the Mauryan court.
		It is not clear whether the incursion of the Yueh-Chih consisted in an invasion of the Greco-Bactrian territory, or possibly a resettlement in front of the Xiongnu attacks from the north, reminiscent of the Roman practice of the foederati.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greco-Bactrian (3770 words)

	Solar Eclipses of Saros 145
		olar eclipses of Saros 145 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse.
		The total duration of Saros series 145 is 1370.29 years.
		However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros145.html (923 words)

	Indo-Scythians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equipement of the Indo-Scythian king Azes II (r.35-12 BCE), as shown on his clearest coins.
		In Parthia, between 138-124 BCE, the Sakas tribes of the Massagetae and Sacaraucae came into conflict with the Parthian Empire, winning several battles, and killing successively king Phraates II and king Artabanus I.
		The Yuga Purana explains that the king of the Sakas killed one fourth of the population, before he was himself slain by the Kalinga king Shata and a group of Sabalas (Savaras)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Scythian (2512 words)

	Eucratides I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is unclear whether Eucratides was a Bactrian official who raised a rebellion, or, according to some scholars, a cousin of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes who was trying to regain the Bactrian territory.
		In the west the Parthian king Mithradates I began to enlarge his kingdom and attacked Eucratides; he succeeded in conquering two provinces between Bactria and Parthia, called by Strabo the country of Aspiones and Turiua.
		His successors to Eucratides were Eucratides II and Heliocles I (145-130 BCE), who was the last Greek king to reign in Bactria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eucratides (873 words)

	Arutz Sheva - Israel National News
		It remained in the possession of the Canaanites until the beginning of the 12th century BCE, when it became occupied by the Philistines.
		Later on, it was an outpost of the Ptolemies, who were the ruling power in Egypt during the Hellenistic period, until its capture in 98 BCE by Assyria's Antiochus III, the Seuclid king in control of an empire.
		The city was subsequently attacked and reconquered by Jonathan the Hasmonean during 145 BCE (1 Macc.
	www.israelnationalnews.com /article.php3?id=5297 (1580 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Sima Qian Ssuma Ch'ien: The Legalist Polices of the Qin, Selections from The Records of the ...
		[Andrea Introduction] Born around 145 BCE., Sima Qian was educated in the classics, served his emperor on a variety of missions, and in 107 BCE succeeded his father as Grand Historian of the Han court.
		Only in 104 BCE was he ready to begin the process of composition, a labor that lasted until 91 BCE.
		As he composed his work, he included verbatim many of the records he had found, thereby providing modern historians with a wealth of documentary evidence that would otherwise have been lost, for many of the sources Sima Qian quoted, parahrased, and cited exist today only in his history.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall/texts/ssuma2.html (1132 words)

	Macedonian Rulers
		This space/timeline is a schematic diagram of the tenure of major protagonists in the power struggles that shaped the history of Hellenism in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last 3 centuries BCE.
		It begins with the election of Philip II as leader (hegemon) of the league of Greek city states and ends with the death of Cleopatra VII in Egypt.
		Hellenistic World After the Breakup of Alexander's Empire 310 BCE - map posted for Barry D. Smith's course on The Intertestamental Period (Atlantic Baptist U).
	virtualreligion.net /iho/macedon.html (559 words)

	* The House of Ptolemy: Kings, Queens, and the Rest of the Royal Ptolemies *
		--- Titulature Of The Pharaohs: Ptolemaic Dynasty (305-30 BCE)
		This relief was probably made after her death when she had been made a goddess and was called the "daughter of the god Amun."
		Coma Berenices (Bernice's Hair), is the 'hair of Queen Berenice' of Egypt, which became a constellation around 230 BCE.
	www.houseofptolemy.org /housekng.htm (1324 words)

	Greek coins
		Parion, Mysia, 3/4 drachm, gorgon @480 BCE (3.12 gm)
		In keeping with the soap opera, He was murdered in 96 BCE and Antiochos IX was murdered the following year by his nephew Seleukos VI who was subsequently driven out of Antioch by his cousin Antiochos X etc. etc.
		Menander, Baktria 160-145 BCE, AR drachm 2.43 gms.
	tjbuggey.ancients.info /Greek2.html (1610 words)

	Ethnic Identity, On–line Exhibit
		Ten texts excavated from Tebtunis witness the gradual replacement of the Egyptian nomenclature of a man who first appears in the texts as Maron (itself a Hellenized form of the Egyptian Marres) alias Nektsaphthis, son of Petosiris.
		Although the end of each line is missing, making it difficult to translate, the letter concerns the security of the nome's desert approaches guarded by the aforementioned Arabs together with mercenary soldiers and police.
		Willy Clarysse's analysis of the personal names of Samareia's known residents in the third and second centuries BCE suggests that at least half were of Jewish origin.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/clar_ex2.html (2471 words)

	shijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This attribution has few adherents today, but the importance of this collection--which in the Western Han dynasty (202 BCE-9 CE) was canonized as one the Five Classics--to the Confucian tradition is undisputed.
		These songs are from the southernmost state of Chen, located in the area of modern southern Henan and northern Anhui.
		54 is attributed to the wife of Duke Mu of Xu and to circa 671 BCE.
	sinologue.homestead.com /shijing.html (1647 words)

	CTCWeb Glossary: P (paedagogus to pyxis)
		- (238-179 BCE) Philip V was a king of Macedonia; he fought in the Social War and the Second Macedonian War; he was beaten in the Battle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly in 197 BCE; Philip V died in 179 BCE at Amphipolis.
		- a city in Macedonia established by Philip of Macedon during the 4th century BCE; this city was the site of a famous battle in 42 BCE between Octavian and Antony on one side and Brutus and Cassius on the other; Octavian and Antony were triumphant and Brutus killed himself soon thereafter.
		Caesar, elected pontifex maximus in 63 BCE; Caesar's best known reform as pontifex was to introduce the "Julian Calendar," a calendar of 365 days with a provision of a leap year every forth year.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/glossary/glossaryp.html (3461 words)

	Mencius [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Better known in China as “Master Meng” (Chinese: Mengzi), Mencius was a fourth-century BCE Chinese thinker whose importance in the Confucian tradition is second only to that of Confucius himself.
		145-90 BCE), which states that he was a native of Zou (Tsou), a small state near Confucius' home state of Lu in the Shandong peninsula of northeastern China.
		Mencius was born in a period of Chinese history known as the Warring States (403-221 BCE), during which various states competed violently against one another for mastery of all of China, which once was unified under the Zhou dynasty until its collapse, for all intents and purposes, in 771 BCE.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/m/mencius.htm (4812 words)

	AH 370/EA 355 Arts of China: #4 The Qin and Han Dynasties
		One of the "warring states" in northwest China; deposed the nominal Zhou ruler in 256 BCE.
		Buried in mausoleum made to replicate the universe, guarded by army of pottery and bronze warriors.
		Green-glazed earthenware utensils and figures (mingqi) made for burial in tombs as surrogates for the "real thing".
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah370/ah370s4.html (348 words)

	Qumran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		16 from Herod Archelaus (4 BCE - 6 CE)
		1 Tyrian coin (53/54 CE) found in a lamp with a coin from Caesaria dated 67/68 CE Note: De Vaux concludes that the hoard was buried between 9/8 BCE and 1 BCE/1 CE.
		Trench A was the location north of the compound where the rubble from the destruction of level Ib was dumped.
	www.menorahcoinproject.org /qumran.htm (440 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon
		In 130 BCE, the older Cleopatra led a revolt to drive him from Egypt.
		HIs rule was peaceful, although he was a despotic ruler who was very cruel and backwards.
		Ptolemy VIII died on June 26, 116 BCE, leaving his power to his wife Cleopatra III and one of her sons.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/08pto8.html (330 words)

	Daoist Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		100s BCE) term which describes so-called “philosophical” texts and thinkers such as Laozi and Zhuangzi, and Daojiao (“teaching of the Dao”), which describes various so-called “religious” movements dating from the late Han dynasty (c.
		Indeed, there is a strong meditative trend in the Daoism of late imperial China known as the "inner alchemy" tradition and the views of the Neiye seem to be in the background of this movement.
		In the late 1970s Western and comparative philosophers began to point out that an important dimension of the historical context of Daoism was being overlooked because the previous generation of scholars had ignored or even disparaged connections between the classical texts and Daoist religious belief and practice.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/d/daoism.htm (7213 words)

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