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	Archaeology Insitute, Tel-Aviv University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lachish was continuously settled from the Chalcolithic period in the 4th millennium BCE until the end of the Persian period in the middle of the first millennium BCE.
		In the ninth century BCE Lachish was built and fortified by the kings of Judah, who turned it into a royal Judean stronghold-- second in importance to Jerusalem.
		In the seventh century BCE Lachish was rebuilt as a royal Judean stronghold.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/archaeology/projects/lachish.html (813 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was concentrated along the middle to lower reaches of the Nile River reaching its greatest extension during the second millennium BCE, which is referred to as the New Kingdom period.
		It began with the incipient unification of Nile Valley polities around 3500 BCE and is conventionally thought to have ended in 51 BCE when the early Roman Empire conquered and absorbed Ptolemaic Egypt as a province.
		Along the Nile, in the 10th millennium BCE, a grain-grinding culture using the earliest type of sickle blades had been replaced by another culture of hunters, fishers, and gathering peoples using stone tools.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ancient_Egypt (4432 words)

	history
		The population of Hazor in the second millennium BCE is estimated to have been about 20,000, making it the largest and most important city in the entire region.
		The first settlement of Hazor, in the third millennium BCE (Early Bronze Age), was confined to the upper city.
		The lower city was founded in approximately the 18th century BCE (Middle Bronze Age) and continued to be settled until the 13th century (the end of the Late Bronze Age) when both the upper and lower city were violently destroyed.
	unixware.mscc.huji.ac.il /~hatsor/history.htm (704 words)

	2nd millennium BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age.
		The first part of the millennium is a time a bit less colorful than others, a lull in the history of Ancient Near East, still living in the shadow of greater past times, and spending all energies in trying to recuperate from the deeply anarchic situation that was at the turn of the millennium.
		Near the end of the 2nd millennium BC, new waves of barbarians, riding on horseback this time, wholly destroyed the Bronze Age world, and were to be followed by waves of social changes that marked the beginning of very different times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2nd_millennium_BCE (1496 words)

	Indus Valley Civilization - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Around 1800 BCE, signs of a gradual decline began to emerge, and by around 1700 BCE, most of the cities were abandoned.
		Certain scholars propose that this was a major river during the third and fourth millennia BCE, and suggest that it may have been the Sarasvati River of the Rigveda.
		In the course of the 2nd millennium BCE, remnants of the IVC's culture would (the so-called Cemetery H culture) amalgamated with that of other peoples, likely contributing to what eventually resulted in the rise of Vedic culture and eventually historical Hinduism.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Indus_Valley_Civilization (4182 words)

	Histroy Homepage
		Surrounded by mighty fortifications, outfitted with sophisticated water installations, and adorned with impressive palaces and temples, Megiddo was the queen of cities of Canaan and Israel.
		By the 2nd millennium, Megiddo was a center of Egyptian administration in Canaan.
		In the 14th century BCE archive of el-Amarna in Egypt, six letters sent by Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten were discovered.
	jbe.la.psu.edu /JST/MEGIDDO/meg98final/new/diglife/../history/index.htm (1943 words)

	Lost Trails: Romania
		In the former half of the first millennium BCE, in the Carpathian-Danube-Pontic area --which was the northern part of the large surface inhabited by the Thracian tribes --a northern Thracian group became individualised: it was made up of a mosaic of Getae and Dacian tribes.
		In the 1st century BCE, as the Roman empire was expanding and Roman provinces were being created in Pannonia, Dalmatia, Moesia and Thracia, the Danube became, along 1,500 km, the border between the Roman Empire and the Dacian world.
		In the 14th century, with the decline of the neighbouring imperial powers (the Poles, the Hungarians, the Tartars), south and east of the Carpathian Mountains range the autonomous feudal states were formed: Wallachia, under Basarab I (around 1310) and Moldavia, under Bogdan I (around 1359).
	www.losttrails.com /pages/Destinations/Romania2.html (5286 words)

	Timna: Valley of the Ancient Copper Mines
		Already in the Chalcolithic period (4th millennium BCE), iron ore (available in Timna) was added as flux to the smelting charge of copper ore and charcoal, which greatly improved the smelting.
		The temple was badly damaged by earthquake and rebuilt during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II (1304-1237 BCE), with an enlarged courtyard (10 x 9 m.) and a new, solid white floor.
		With the decline of Egyptian control of the region in the middle of the 12th century BCE, the mines at Timna and the Hathor temple were abandoned.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/timna.html (1363 words)

	Semitic Museum - Nuzi - Yorghan Tepe (NF)
		Mid 2nd Millennium BCE: The town by this time included a large Hurrian population, and became known as Nuzi, one of the provincial towns in the kingdom of Arrapha.
		Early 2nd Millennium BCE: Belonging to this period are a jar decorated with triangles and horizontal bands, an example of Habur Ware, and a bird-shaped vessel.
		Late 4th Millennium BCE: This period is represented by a beveled-rim bowl, characteristic of the Late Uruk Period, and by stamp seals.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~semitic/hsm/NFNuziRest.htm (539 words)

	Cartography - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		An engraved map of the holy city of Nippur, from the Kassite period (14th – 12th centuries BCE) of Babylonian history, was found at Nippur [1].
		In 288 BCE, Aristarchus of Samos was the first to say that the sun was the center of universe (see heliocentric theory).
		In approximately 250 BCE, Eratosthenes of Cyrene estimated the circumference of the earth to within 15 per cent of the modern-day accepted value.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/a/r/Cartography.html (1603 words)

	History of Iran: Elamite Empire
		1750 BCE) was not to be denied, and Elam was crushed in 1764 BCE.
		1266 BCE), the fourth king of this line, proceeded apace, and his successes were commemorated by his assumption of the title "Expander of the Empire." He was succeeded by his son, Untash-Gal (Untash (d) Gal, or Untash-Huban), a contemporary of Shalmaneser I of Assyria (c.
		In a series of campaigns between 692 and 639 BCE, in an effort to clean up a political and diplomatic mess that had become a chronic headache for the Assyrians, Ashurbanipal's armies utterly destroyed Susa, pulling down buildings, looting, and sowing the land of Elam with salt.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/elamite/elamite.php (1381 words)

	Pending CRTC Rules Key to Telecom Future
		Wilson said that BCE is well- equipped to maintain its focus on both telecommunications services (Bell and other services providers) and equipment (Nortel).
		He added that he has great confidence in BCE's ability to meet the challenges of the future and extended his optimism to the future prospects for Canada as a country.
		BCE's shares are traded in Canada, the United States and in Europe.
	www.bce.ca /en/news/releases/reg/1997/04/30/4149.html (365 words)

	Dodona
		This ancient sanctuary and oracle of Zeus dates back as far as the third millennium BCE when the "earth mother" was worshipped here.
		Early in the second millennium BCE the worship of the "holy beech tree" sprang up (in other versions an oak tree) today the oak tree is preferred as the oak is sacred to Zeus.
		During the 13th and 14th centuries BCE the worship of the Pelasgian god Zeus was beginning to be established in Dodona, and the original earth goddess was renamed "Diona" and subsequently became the wife of Zeus (Dias).
	www.pantheon.org /mythica/articles/d/dodona.html (436 words)

	Early history - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This article details the timeline since the 5th Millennium BCE until the 16th century.
		BCE: 5th Millennium BCE / 4th Millennium BCE / 3rd Millennium BCE / 2nd Millennium BCE / 1st Millennium BCE
		The notation BCE ("Before Common Era") and CE ("Common Era") are alternative, more politically correct notations for BC ("Before Christ") and AD ("anno Domini"), respectively.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Early_History (1671 words)

	Jerusalem - The City of David
		During the 13th-12th centuries BCE structural operations changed the topography of the upper part of the city: interlocking and intersecting stone walls created terraces which provided an artificial surface, apparently the podium of the citadel of the Canaanite-Jebusite city of Jerusalem.
		A 10th century BCE massive retaining structure for a monumental building (capping earlier Jebusite terraces), is assumed to be part of the fortress of Zion, residence of King David.
		In the 8th century BCE Jerusalem expanded; during the reign of King Hezekiah the hill to the west of the city of David was encompassed within its walls.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/jerdavid.html (1277 words)

	The Megiddo Expedition
		Area H is designed as the main sectional trench on the northern sector of the mound, immediately to the west of Area AA of the University of Chicago excavations.
		The goal of the 2000 season in Area J was to locate the temple of Level J-4 (Early Bronze Ib, the second half of the fourth millennium BCE).
		The assemblage does not include even a single bichrome Philistine vessel and must therefore date later than the bichrome phase in the sequence of Philistine pottery chronology.Fifteen samples of charred beams from Level K-4, which were extracted in the 1998 season, were sent to the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, for radiocarbon dating.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/archaeology/megiddo/excavations3.html (1391 words)

	Amasya Summary
		The city was under the rule of nine different civilizations, beginning with the Hittites (second millennium BCE) and ending with the Ottomans (1453–1922), before it became part of the Turkish Republic.
		Under King Mithridates II (123–88 BCE; ruler of the Pontic kingdom that flourished from the fourth century to 66 BCE), Amasya flourished as the Roman royal capital of the kingdom of Pontus.
		This region has been inhabited since prehistoric times by various civilizations, including the Hittites (second millennium BCE) and Phrygians (early first millennium BCE), and was once part of Pontus, a kingdom bordering the Black Sea, which flourished from the fourth century BCE until it became part of the Roman empire in 63 BCE.
	www.bookrags.com /Amasya (1252 words)

	Background Essay no. 75 \| Historical Background of the Silk Roads \| AskAsia.org
		The Silk Road itself is a relatively late phenomenon, pioneering in the late first millennium BCE and established as a regular trade route sometime near the end of that millennium.
		Since the Neolithic Revolution (8,000 to 4,000 BCE in Eurasia, and later elsewhere in the world), agriculturalists and pastoralists have always expanded into territories suitable for their own pursuits, in the process displacing, absorbing, or exterminating neighboring peoples who practice the older lifestyle of hunting and gathering.
		The Silk Road itself is a relatively late phenomenon, pioneered during the mid-1st millennium BCE and established as a regular trade route near the end of that millennium.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=75 (4112 words)

	Daniel, date of, authorship date
		Naturalists use 165 BCE as the date of authorship for the book of Daniel.
		Perhaps the easiest way of understanding why Daniel was written about 530 BCE is by using the English language from another era.
		The Dead Sea Scrolls are known to have been written in the era of 170 BCE to 50 CE.
	www.harvardhouse.com /Daniel_date-written.htm (1500 words)

	Samovila-Yemaya
		Scatha's helmet is from a Celtic grave in Ciumesti, Romania, 3rd century BCE ; her torque is from Snettisham (Norfolk), England, mid 1st century BCE.
		Her necklace is from Deir el-Balah, 14th-13th century BCE; her earring is from a falcon pendant from Tell el-Ajjul, mid 2nd millennium BCE.
		3500 BCE, near Belgrade, Yugoslavia; on the left is a Goddess with a siren, canines and lions, 5th century BCE, Kherson mound, Ukraine; gold headdress after one found at Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE; bottom layer after a diadem from Kelermes, 6th century BCE; earring from Olbia, 5th century BCE; torque from Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE.
	www.goddessmyths.com /Samovila-Yemaya.html (1500 words)

	List of Illustrations - Section 1
		BCE, meaning, “Before the Common Era" will be used to indicate the chronology of works of art made during prehistoric and ancient times; while the abbreviation, CE meaning, "Common Era” will be used to indicate works of art made from approximately the beginning of the Roman Empire to our own time.
		Temple of Amun-Ra, constructed during the reigns of numerous pharaohs of the New Kingdom, 14th century BCE.
		through the first millennium CE, as is apparent from the remains of tombs of pharaohs of the Old Kingdom in Egypt; the remains of the ziggurats of ancient Mesopotamia; and the remains of Meso-American, terraced platforms for temples.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/rprestia/1301/list_of_illustrations.htm (3501 words)

	YaHotels - Hotels, Accommodation, Greece, Greek Islands
		At the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. organised palatial societies appear on Minoan Crete, resulting in the development of the first scripts.
		Using the palace of Knossos as their centre, the Minoans create a communication network with peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean, adopt elements of their cultures, and in turn have a decisive influence on the cultures of the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands.
		The Ottomans gradually start seizing parts of the empire from the 14th century A.D. and complete its destruction with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
	www.yahotels.gr /?MODULE=bce/application/pages&Alias=MENU_2_04 (938 words)

	The Etruscans and the Sea
		There are two types of amphora: the neck amphora, in which the neck meets the body at a sharp angle; and the one-piece amphora, in which the neck and body form a continuous curve.
		The contents themselves would have to be checked, perhaps many times during the shipping operation, and skilled workers at a typical Mediterranean "Emporium" would know what the contents were, what the correct ullage was for each type of Amphora either by experience, or by using special tools such as are used in the wine industry.
		The Etruscans and the Phoenicians alike were very successful in their dominance of the seas during the early part of the first millennium BCE.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /sea.html (2373 words)

	History & info - Various ancient calendars
		When, in the 17th century B.C.E., the dating by regnal years became usual, the period between the accession day and the next Nisanu 1 was described as "the beginning of the kingship of PN," and the regnal years were counted from this Nisanu 1.
		In the eighth century B.C.E., the Egyptian Pharoh's primary advisor, the Vizier, was charged with reporting the first appearance of the bright star we call Sirius after it had been missing from the sky for (depending upon the observer's latitude) approximately two weeks.
		Assyria was a dependency of Babylonia and later of the Mitanni kingdom during most of the 2nd millennium B.C.E. It emerged as an independent state in the 14th century B.C.E., and in the subsequent period it became a major power in Mesopotamia, Armenia, and sometimes in northern Syria.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-ancient.html (6376 words)

	Lachish Archaeology in Israel
		It was the seat of the Egyptian governor who oversaw southern Canaan, as becomes clear from the Egyptian Amarna letters dating to the 14th century BCE.
		In 760 BCE there was an earthquake, after which the city partly had to be rebuilt (Amos 1:1, Zachary 14:5).
		On top of it came a second century BCE temple, which uses the basic plan of the Israelite temple, but with a courtyard and two rooms.
	www.jewishmag.com /56mag/lachish/lachish.htm (1646 words)

	Mnemotrix Israel, Ltd. - Come Tour, Explore, and Excavate with US!
		The fifth millennium B.C., particularly the earlier half, is one of the most poorly understood periods in the archaeology of Israel.
		In addition, Gath is portrayed as a city of the legendary "Anakim", a race of giants, remnants of the early Canaanite population of the land (Josh 11:22).
		BCE (LBII), possibly the town of the Canaanite king Shuwardata.
	www.mnemotrix.com /israel/history.html (2338 words)

	Astronomy in Ancient India - Crystalinks
		The texts that describe their designs are conservatively dated to the first millennium BC, but their contents appear to be much older.
		Yajnavalkya (perhaps 1800 BC) advanced a 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the moon.A text on Vedic astronomy that has been dated to 1350 BC, was written by Lagadha.
		Around 500 BCE, Aryabhata presented a mathematical system that took the Earth to spin on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the Sun.
	www.crystalinks.com /indiastronomy.html (2904 words)

	Gezertemp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Canaanite city of Lachish was established at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE.
		From letters sent by the kings of Lachish to their overlords, the pharaohs of Egypt (the 14th century BCE el-Amarna correspondence) it may be deducted that Lachish was an important urban center and the seat of the Egyptian governor of southern Canaan.
		A palace-fortress was built on the acropolis and probably served as the residence of the governor appointed by the King of Judah.
	www.users.muohio.edu /bidmeaj/G-Lach.htm (1089 words)

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