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	[No title]
		The rededication of the Temple by Maccabean forces in 164 BCE was not the end of the Jewish war against the Syrian-Greeks, nor the military-political escapades of the Hasmonean family.
		In 141 BCE, Simon drove the Syrian garrison from Jerusalem, razed the Akra, and expelled the Jewish hellenizers.
		Under John Hyrcanus (134-104 BCE), Idumea, and it's central city of Marisha, the birthplace of Herod, was converted by the sword.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9710/971027_c.html (1640 words)

	Pharisees - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Priests during the First Temple Era (from around 950 BCE to 586 BCE) were limited to the Temple service and interpreting and teaching Torah; political power officially rested in the hands of a king who ruled, ideally, by divine right.
		In 539 BCE the Persians conquered Babylon and in 537 BCE, inaugurating the Persian period of Jewish history, Cyrus the Great allowed Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the Temple (completed in 515 BCE).
		In 57 BCE the Proconsul Cabineus established five regional synhedria (Sanhedrins, or councils) to regulate the internal affairs of the Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pharisee (7419 words)

	Biblical history chronology
		30 BCE - 10 CE: Hillel and Shammai
		587 BCE: Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple by the Babylonians and Nebuchadnezzar.
		4 BCE - 6 CE: Archelaus ethnarch of Judea and Samaria.
	www.wysiwyg-webdesign.com /rev/chron.html (1490 words)

	New Testament Chronology - Calendars from the Exile to the First Century BCE
		In the fifth century BCE the Exile calendar of the Jews was for a time identical with the Babylonian calendar.
		Then, by the end of the fourth century BCE the Macedonian calendar of the Seleucid Era was supposed identical with the Babylonian calendar, except that the Syro-Macedonian version began the new year in the fall, Dios 1.
		First Maccabees reads: "In the year 170, (142 BCE) the yoke of the Gentiles was lifted from Israel, and the people began to write as the dating formula in bills and contracts, `In the first year, under Simon, high priest, commander, and chief of the Jews.'" (1 Macc.
	www.doig.net /NTC02.htm (7314 words)

	Chanukah on Virtual Jerusalem
		In 143-142 BCE, Demetrius II recognized the independence of Judea, and in 140 BCE, a decree was passed by the Great Assembly in Jerusalem confirming Simon as High Priest, ruler and commander of the Jewish people and making these offices hereditary.
		During the reign of his brother Alexander Yannai (103-76 BCE) the Hasmonean state reached the zenith of its power, as the whole of the sea coast from the Egyptian border to the Carmel with the exception of Ashkelon, was annexed to Judea.
		The last to attempt to restore the former glory of the Hasmonean dynasty was Antigonus Mattathius, whose defeat and death at the hands of the Romans in 37 B.C.E. brought the Hasmonean rule to a close and prepared the way for Herod.
	www.virtualjerusalem.com /jewish_holidays/chanukah/hasmon.htm (481 words)

	[No title]
		The BCE will be corrected by the student in class and will be submitted for credit at the end of the class period on the day the assignment is due.
		Please note that the number of the each BCE corresponds to the number of the grammar section in which the grammar point involved is explained.
		Tarea para el 7: Complete L.6 BCE sections 1 and 2 (132-133) and be prepared to correct them in class.
	www.cameron.edu /~teresal/SPAN3113/F04_SPAN3113_ORD.html (1034 words)

	Table of Contents
		Judah was repelled, however, in his attempt to drive the Syrian garrison from the rest of Jerusalem and was defeated near the village of Beth Zechariah, southwest of Jerusalem [162 BCE].
		He was awarded the Judean high-priesthood by Alexander Balas [152 BCE] and later rewarded with full control of Judean territory after he defeated Demetrius II [147 BCE].
		After her death [67 BCE] he was deposed by his younger brother, Aristobulus, but with the support of Antipater he was restored to the high-priesthood after Roman forces wrested control of Jerusalem from his brother's aristocratic supporters [63 BCE].
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/temp.html (1617 words)

	Teacher of Righteousness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1 Maccabees, no High Priest is named for the period from the death of Alcimus in 159 BCE to the claiming of the position of High Priest by Jonathan on the authority of Alexander Balas in 152 BCE (1 Macc 10:18-20).
		From this it could be concluded that there was no High Priest for these years, and indeed Josephus, drawing heavily on I Maccabees at this point in his history, comes to that conclusion (Ant.
		Hillel the Elder as the Teacher, against a "wicked" Shammai, a significant conflict mentioned in the Talmud (Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 1:4).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Teacher_of_Righteousness (605 words)

	The Dead Sea Scrolls: About the scrolls
		Using paleographic evidence the date-range is from 50 BCE to 70CE.
		Essenes: A Jewish sect identified by the first century CE historian Josephus as separatist, communitarian, with a high degree of ritual purity, and rigid laws of membership with an inner core which probably was celibate.
		Maccabean Revolt: The Jewish revolt against the (Greek) Seleucid rulers of Syria in 168-164 BCE led by the family of Judah the Maccabee (the Maccabees, translated the "hammers"), recorded in the Biblical Books of the Maccabees and commemorated annually in the festival of Hanukkah.
	www.abc.net.au /religion/features/scrolls/about.htm (1641 words)

	[No title]
		The law of this state was not a civil law (albeit one with divine legitimation), but the religious law given by God, and the high priest was the highest official." The Law (Torah) included sanctions designed to emphasize the religious distinctiveness of the Jewish people, such as purity regulations and prohibition against intermarriage with non-Jews.
		Simon is succeeded by his son Onias III of the Egyptian faction and supported the youngest son of the Tobiad Joseph in using the banking services of the Temple.
		175 BCE - Seleukos IV is assassinated, the older Tobiads expel Onias III and appointed his brother Jason (Joshua), also a legitimate Zadokite, to the high priesthood with the support of the new Syrian King Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
	people.uncw.edu /zervosg/PR337/KoesterMacc.doc (1539 words)

	New Page 3
		Herod (73-4 BCE) was the pro-Roman king of the small Jewish state in the last decades before the common era.
		When the king fell ill, two popular teachers, Judas and Matthias, incited their pupils to remove the golden eagle from the entrance of the Temple: after all, according to the Ten Commandments, it was a sin to make idols.
		Herod Antipas was to rule Galilee and the east bank of the Jordan as a tetrarch; Philip was to be tetrarch of the Golan heights in the north-east; and Archelaus became the ethnarch ('national leader') of Samaria and Judaea.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/second_temple.htm (1870 words)

	The Hasmoneans The rededication of the Temple by Maccabean forces in 164 BCE was not the end of the Jewish war ...
		The Hasmoneans The rededication of the Temple by Maccabean forces in 164 BCE was not the end of the Jewish war against the Syrian
		The rededication of the Temple by Maccabean forces in 164 BCE was not the
		In 160 BCE, Judah was killed as Syrian troops invaded the
	www.headcoverings-by-devorah.com /TheHasmoneans.htm (1203 words)

	LAW CODES IN DYNASTIC CHINA: A SYNOPSIS OF CHINESE LEGAL HISTORY IN THE THIRTY CENTURIES FROM ZHOU TO QING
		The code issued in the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) in which Confucianism first gained formal acceptance in law alongside a weakened Legalism inherited from the brutal Qin Shi Huangdi, for example, is almost entirely lost.
		Head and Wang dutifully inform us that their commentary is therefore based on the work of the Western author, Hulsewsé, who himself relies on fragmentary secondary evidence of the 13th and 19th Centuries CE (p.91).
		This use of visual and tabular aids is *[152]** entirely appropriate given the intended readership, and consequently there is a certain ‘text and materials’ feel to the book.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/head-wang0206.htm (1503 words)

	Freemasonry in Israel - Temples at Jerusalem
		Yet, with a supposed Israelite population by now of about half a million, one might reasonably suspect an element of exaggeration in the accounts of the dedication of the Temple to which large numbers of the populace were witness.
		During the latter part of the first century BCE, King Herod the Great (37-4 BCE) enlarged the area of the platform and greatly enhanced the second Temple in an unsuccessful attempt to gain popularity.
		It is interesting to note that, during the period of the Jewish Hasmonaean Dynasty (152 - 37 BCE), a beautifully appointed stone chamber (84 x 60 feet or 26 x 18 m) was constructed underground beneath the former Council House (or Sanhedrin) in Jerusalem.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/9991/thtemples.html (3373 words)

	Jubilees
		It is then said in 1 Macc 1:42 that the Chasidim joined forces with Mattathias, possibly implying that it was some of their company that gave no resistance when attacked on the Sabbath and that they now agree that defending oneself on the Sabbath was not contrary to the Law after all.
		If the Book of Jubilees was composed in the early Hasmonean period, no later than 152 BCE and possibly much earlier, its author could be described as a proto-Essene insofar as the text became influential in the later Essene movement.
		That the Book of Jubilees was written sometime in the first half of the second century BCE is confirmed by the fact that, for the author, Hellenization still appears to be a threat; it has not yet receded into the collective memory of the Jewish people to become a past event.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Jubilees.htm (6166 words)

	Atropatene.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alexander occupied Media in 330 BCE and appointed Atropates (a former general of Darius III) as a satrap in 328 BCE.
		In 310 BCE, it was passed on to Seleucus I. Southern Media remained a province of the Seleucid empire for hundred and fifty years.
		Media was conqurred by the Parthian king Mithradates I in 152 BCE and it remained under the Arsacid rule until 226 CE.
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C2/Greece/AG/HK/Atropatene/Atropatene.htm (157 words)

	Second
		The chronological limits of Schürer's coverage were, however, from 175 BCE to 135 CE; as a result, he did not deal with the high priests from the first three and one-half centuries of the Second-Temple era.
		This was the case from Jonathan's appointment (152 BCE) until the death of Alexander Jannaeus (76 BCE).
		For most of the reign of Salome Alexandra (76–67 BCE), the offices were separated: she was the queen and her son Hyrcanus II was the high priest.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/judaism/judasmsecondtempleR.htm (2049 words)

	Hanuka - Backgrounder
		In 198 B.C.E. Antiochus III, king of Syria, conquered Judea and reconfirmed the religious and national autonomy of the Jews.
		The resentment among the Jews grew steadily, culminating in 167 BCE with the outbreak of a revolt against Greek rule in Judea.
		The rebellion, which began in the village of Modi'in, was led by the old Hasmonean priest, Matityahu.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/festivls/hanuka/h1.html (710 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy VI Philometor
		The invasion of Antiouchus IV from Syria marked an important point in Egyptian history -- the intervention of Rome is all that kept the country from falling, and it brought the outlying cities of Egypt under Roman power.
		The country was still embroiled in war with Syria, despite the temporary peace of Ptolemy V and his political marriage to Cleopatra I. At the death of Cleopatra in 170 BCE, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt and Ptolemy was captured.
		In theory, his son Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater, succeeded him to the throne, however, he was put to death as soon as Ptolemy VIII (Physcon) could reach Egypt and claim it for himself.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/06pto6.html (494 words)

	ANCIENT EGYPT : The rise of Alexandro-Egyptian Hellenism and Hermetism
		Between 30 BCE and 642 CE, Egypt was ruled by the Romans and the Byzantines, before it became Islamic as it still is today.
		In 331 BCE, Alexander founded the city of Alexandria on the isthmus between the ocean and Lake Mariut (traditionally celebrated on the 7th of April).
		The earliest individual horoscope dates from 410 BCE, whereas a cuneiform tabled dated 523 BCE indicates the ability to calculate monthly ephemerides for the Sun and Moon, the conjunctions of the planets and of the planets with each other, and eclipses.
	www.maat.sofiatopia.org /hermes2.htm (15167 words)

	hydra
		In the early fifth millenium BCE, there is an icon, described by Johnson as follows: "Stripes on the enthroned Madonna suggest a Snake Goddess, Sesklo, Greece" (125).
		Instead, the snakes accompany the female figures, either as the Lady of the Beasts (Khafaje, Sumer, 2500 BCE, Johnson, 139), the Minoan Snake Goddesses/women (sixteenth century BCE, Johnson, 143-144), the Goddess Anat (Syria, thirteenth century BCE, Johnson, 152), or the Goddess of Canaan, ca.
		And as waters are important in ancient cosmic belief, there may have been a connection between the Nile as source and the snake as representative of birth (as well as death and resurrection).
	langlab.uta.edu /german/personal/rings/skygoddess/hydra.htm (2705 words)

	Sadducees Summary
		By about the reign of John Hyrcanus I (135–104 BCE), they were a recognizable aristocratic group.
		They were unwilling to tolerate the replacement of the Zadokite high priest with a Hasmonean in 153–152 BCE, and they disagreed with the Jerusalem priesthood regarding matters of Jewish law.
		Most scholars ascribe the origin of the Boethusians to Simeon ben Boethus, appointed high priest by Herod in 24 BCE so that he would have sufficient status for Herod to marry his daughter Mariamne (II).
	www.bookrags.com /Sadducees (2648 words)

	ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE
		In 159 BCE the Greek-appointed high priest whom the Maccabeans had opposed was killed and a man who claimed to be the son of Antiochus IV was attempting to take control of the Seleucid government.
		In 140 BCE, Simon celebrated the reestablished autonomy of the Jews and his family was formally recognized as the secular and religious heads of a Jewish state that was independent for the first time in four centuries.
		Following the death of Alexander Jannaeus in 76 BCE, the throne was inherited by his wife Salome, and two of her sons, Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus II, divided the country in civil warfare over who would become the next king.
	cc.usu.edu /~fath6/hellenic-Judaism.htm (7600 words)

	Maccabean-Jerusalem through Coins
		In 169 BCE, Antiochus plundered the Temple, carried of the holy vessels, erected a statue of Zeus in the Temple and destroyed scrolls.
		Antiochus IV, 175-164 BCE, Tetradrachm, AR, 16.9g, 1 1/16" dia., AR, Ake mint, Judas Maccabee defeated Antiochus IV and cleansed temple.
		In 152 BCE, Alexander I Balas, a rival of Demetrius I for the Seleucid throne, installed Jonathon as High Priest.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confHasmonAnt4.htm (1374 words)

	Ancient Jewish History
		The Torah is a contract, and from ~550 BCE, it was the civil law of the Jews.
		For Judah itself, this (300-200 BCE) was a century of peace.
		152 BCE: Jonathan considered the strongest leader in all of Palestine.
	www.zoned.net /~amy/ancient.html (3633 words)

	Messiah (1): Anointment
		During the sixth century BCE, the exiled Jews in Babylonia started to hope for a special Anointed One who was to bring them home; several written prophecies were fulfilled when the Persian king Cyrus the Great did in fact allow them to return.
		In the second century BCE, the Jews were again suffering from repression, and the old prophecies became relevant again.
		From 152 BCE on, the high-priests were the highest authorities and often combined priestly and royal authority.
	www.livius.org /men-mh/messiah/messiah_01.html (740 words)

	Ancient Mythological Literary Sources
		552-468 BCE) - "Perseus and Danae," "Europa;" Epigrams; Encomia ("On the Sea Battle of Salamis"); Epitaphs ("To the Dead at Thermopylae").
		He was known to have written several collections of Hymns, but most of these have been lost.
		Vergil (70 BCE-19 BCE, Roman) - Eclogues or Bucolics (pastoral poetry); Georgics (agricultural, didactic poetry); Aeneid (epic saga of Aeneas and his founding of the Roman people in Italy).
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~eshaw/mythsrcs.htm (841 words)

	BCE: Stato della contraffazione del contante in euronel primo semestre del 2003
		BCE: Stato della contraffazione del contante in euronel primo semestre del 2003
		La Banca centrale europea (BCE) ha costituito un Centro di analisi della contraffazione, per lo studio dei biglietti falsificati, al fine di coordinare l'attività dei Centri nazionali di analisi situati in ciascuno Stato membro.
		Inoltre, nel 2001 la BCE ha sottoscritto un accordo di collaborazione con l'Europol e sta attualmente negoziando accordi simili con l'Interpol e le banche centrali dei dieci paesi in procinto di aderire all'UE.
	www.ecb.de /press/pr/date/2003/html/pr030716.it.html (304 words)

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