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	Gothic Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		The final flowering of Flamboyant architecture occurred between the end of the 15th century and the 1530s in the work of Martin Chambiges and his son Pierre, who were responsible for a series of grand cathedral façades, including the west front of Troyes Cathedral and the transept façades of Senlis and Beauvais cathedrals.
		The earliest monument in the Flamboyant style, the large screen (1388) with traceried gables that surmounts the triple fireplace in the ancient Palais des Comtes at Poitiers, foreshadows the pierced decorative gables on the exteriors of the Flamboyant-style churches.
		In France from the late 15th century to the 1520s new châteaux in the Flamboyant style were being built extensively, from Amboise (1483-1501) and Blois (1498-1515), on the Loire, to Josselin (early 16th century), in Brittany.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562615_4/Gothic_Art_and_Architecture.html (596 words)

	Italian Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		A purer form of Classical architecture was created by a younger architect, Leon Battista Alberti, who also wrote an early explanation of perspective in his Trattato della Pittura (Treatise on Painting) of 1435.
		Mannerism is a term that is applied to much Italian art produced between the 1520s and the end of the 16th century.
		Born in Parma, he was influenced in the early 1520s by the brilliant illusionistic frescoes that were being executed there by the somewhat older Correggio.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781533649_2/Italian_Art_and_Architecture.html (2289 words)

	Gothic Art and Architecture
		Architecture was the dominant expression of the Gothic Age.
		The particular phase of Gothic architecture that was to lead to the creation of the northern cathedrals, however, was initiated in the early 1140s in the construction of the chevet of the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis, the burial church of the French kings and queens near the outskirts of Paris.
		In Germany the impact of all phases of French Gothic architecture was decisive, from the early Gothic four-story elevation of the Cathedral of Limburg-an-der-Lahn (1225?) to the choir of Cologne Cathedral (begun 1248).
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/PeriodsAndStyles/Gothic.html (4266 words)

	Renaissance Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		Tintoretto was devoted to optical effects, dramatic foreshortenings, unusual compositions, and virtuosic renderings of light, all splendidly demonstrated in his 56 huge paintings (1564-1587) for the Scuola di San Rocco in Venice.
		In northern Europe, features typical of late Gothic culture (see Gothic Art and Architecture) were contemporary with the discoveries and the changing outlook toward humans and their world that were characteristic of Italy.
		Architectural forms seemed to be virtually unaffected by the Renaissance.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554529_2/Renaissance_Art_and_Architecture.html (3819 words)

	Gothic Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		The last flowering of flamboyant architecture occurred between the end of the 15th century and the 1530s in the work of Martin Chambiges and his son Pierre, who were responsible for a series of grand cathedral facades, including the west front of Troyes Cathedral and the transept facades of Senlis and Beauvais cathedrals.
		The earliest monument in the flamboyant style, the large screen (1388) with traceried gables that surmounts the triple fireplace in the ancient Palais des Comtes at Poitiers, foreshadowed the pieced decorative gables on the exteriors of the flamboyant-style churches.
		Other regional styles of secular architecture also flourished, from the Venetian Gothic of the Doges’ Palace (begun 1345?) and the Ca d’Oro (1430?) to the Tudor Gothic of Hampton Court (1515-1536) on the Thames and the Collegiate Gothic, which at Oxford lingered into the early 17th century.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562615_4/Gothic_Art_and_Architecture.html (637 words)

	Renaissance Art and Architecture
		Renaissance Art and Architecture, painting, sculpture, architecture, and allied arts produced in Europe in the historical period called the Renaissance.
		Northern painters, especially those from Flanders and the Netherlands, were as advanced as the Italians in landscape painting and contributed to the innovations of their southern contemporaries by introducing oil paint as a new medium.
		In architecture, a fully Renaissance structure was not built until late in the century.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/renart.html (6146 words)

	1520s - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		1490s 1500s 1510s - 1520s - 1530s 1540s 1550s
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about 1520s contains research on
		1520s, Events and Trends, See also and 1520s.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/1520s (179 words)

	Untitled
		One of the most important innovations in late 13th-century Novgorodian architecture was the new technique of building the walls The traditional system of alternating courses of stone and brick set in a mixture of.' lime and crushed brick continued to be used with a few insignificant exceptions until the beginning of the 13th century.
		This was responsible to a large extent for the conservative nature of Novgorodian architecture at the end of the 14th century, which was turning increasingly to the models of the past.
		However, the direct influence of Muscovite architecture can be seen in the ogee-shaped gables on the central sections of the outer walls, the similarly shaped arches on the low structure adjoining the west wall of the cube-shaped main body of the church, and the decoration of the dome drum.
	www.ceu.hu /medstud/manual/russian/culthist1.html (1486 words)

	Sculpture - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		Highly esteemed is the architectural sculpture made for the Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens, such as Three Goddesses (British Museum), whose rhythmically swirling drapery clings to their reclining bodies.
		Attached to the stonework rather than free-standing, the carved image becomes an integral part of the architecture, conforming in design to the area where it was placed—portal, tympanum, or jamb.
		During the 1520s the style of his sculpture changed, as illustrated by the Medici Tombs (1519-1534) in the New Sacristy of San Lorenzo in Florence.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761568350___7/Sculpture.html (5434 words)

	Persian Art and Architecture: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Although there are marked analogies to Egyptian, Greek, and Assyrian architecture, the style as a whole and the feeling for space and scale are distinctive.
		Sassanid architecture is decorated with carved stone or stucco reliefs and makes use of colorful stone mosaics.
		Little remains from the early centuries of Islam in Iran, but the influence of Persia on Islamic art and architecture in Syria and Palestine is very strong.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/persian_art_and_architecture.jsp (2820 words)

	Architecture timeline - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished, completing largely the design for the civic structures for the new city deisgned by Le Corbusier.
		Frank Lloyd Wright completes his Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, just in time for it to survive a massive earthquake.
		William Le Baron Jenney opens his architectural practice in Chicago.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Architecture_timeline (2417 words)

	3000 Level Art History, Theory, and Criticism
		This course surveys the art and architecture of the High Middle Ages in Europe beginning with the emergence of the Gothic style in the Ile de France during the twelfth century and ending with the early Flemish masters of the fifteenth century.
		Problems of regional variation in architectural styles, word and image relationships in the illuminated manuscript, and the role of the artist in medieval society are also considered.
		In studying expressions of poetry, music, film, visual arts and architecture, this class closely examines carnivalesque strategies and body-centered metaphors of cannibalism and hunger, as well as the eroticism of samba, which can foster revolutionary artistic practices, as well as notions of identity that are elastic and ambiguous.
	www.artic.edu /~chsu/saic/programs/depts/courses/arthi3desc.html (5079 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Persian art and architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		PERSIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE [Persian art and architecture] works of art and structures produced in the region of Asia traditionally known as Persia and now called Iran.
		Under the Qajar dynasty (1779-1925) a distinctive, theatrical style was developed in architecture, painting, and the decorative arts.
		Lyon: we'll always have Paris, but with some of France's best food, fashion, art and architecture, this city is emerging as another exciting destination for sophisticated travelers.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/persiana.asp (1617 words)

	ITALIAN MANNERISM OR LATE RENAISSANCE
		Florentine and Roman 16th-century architecture is characterized by a secular cleverness--a building was judged on elegance, ingenuity, and variety of form.
		Increasingly, architecture, sculpture, and walled gardens came to be regarded as part of a complex (but not unified) whole.
		Sansovino's architecture, as represented by the Loggetta (1537-40) at the foot of St. Mark's campanile or by the Old Library of St. Mark's (Libreria Vecchia [1536-88]), is rich in surface decorative qualities.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/Architec/MannerismArchitecture/ItalianMannerism/ItalianMannerism.htm (2123 words)

	Wellesley College :: Course Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Topics include: responses to artistic and architectural heritage, religious art and architecture, the ceremonial art and architecture of medieval palaces, domestic art, manuscript illumination, as well as cultural contacts between and among various groups.
		Examination of art and architecture from their first and still mysterious beginnings in the Indus Valley, through the great masterpieces of Buddhist and Hindu art to the coming of Islam, including the eclectic culture of the Mughal courts and the golden age of miniature paintings.
		This course examines North American domestic architecture and material life, focusing on the objects, buildings, and landscapes that were created, inhabited, and invested with meaning by ordinary men and women during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.
	www.wellesley.edu /Courses/art.html (8342 words)

	Renässansens arkitektur
		The concern of these architects for proportion caused that clear, measured expression and definition of architectural space and mass that differentiates the Renaissance style from the Gothic and encourages in the spectator an immediate and full comprehension of the building.
		Colour was used in Florentine architecture to stress the linear relationship rather than for overall patternistic uses (as in northern Italian architecture).
		The period was a very brief one, centered almost exclusively in the city of Rome; it ended with the political and religious tensions that shook Europe during the third decade of the century, culminating in the disastrous sack of Rome in 1527 and the siege of Florence in 1529.
	homepage.mac.com /gillgren/Scen/renassansensarki.html (5558 words)

	Search Results for "1520s"
		...other peoples, the region was discovered by Columbus in 1498 and settled beginning in the 1520s, becoming part of the Spanish colony (later viceroyalty) of New Granada....
		...a conflict between Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire (1499), it was rebuilt in the 1520s and is now a tourist center.
		Strasbourg accepted the Reformation in the 1520s under the leadership of Martin Bucer and became an important Protestant...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=1520s (213 words)

	National Gallery of Art - Artistic Exchange: Europe and the Islamic World
		In the mid-1530s, the white background began to be treated as a backdrop for an increasing variety of decoration, culminating in the naturalistic floral style, that peaked in the 1580s.
		Exterior and interior revetments of marble inlaid with semiprecious stones were characteristic of imperial architecture from the mid-seventeenth century.
		The Sasanian empire, which extended from the upper Euphrates and Tigris rivers on the west to the Indus River in the east, was Byzantium's foremost rival in late antiquity.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2004/artexchange/artexchange_glossary.shtm (6983 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Mullen, Architecture and Its Sculpture in Viceregal Mexico
		This architecture generally consisted of compact structures, at times quite tall, massed around an open ceremonial court.
		In the early 1520s, Spain's monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, sent friars as missionaries to the area that is now Mexico to help realize that objective.
		The end of the colonial period, artistically and architecturally, was signaled even before 1800 by the return to the strict canons of neoclassicism.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exmularc.html (961 words)

	Index of Architecture Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		His greatest undertaking was the Opera House in Paris (1861-1875), highly relevant for the subsequent development of architecture in the nineteenth century.
		He is now professor of architectural design in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Genoa.
		But in the past few years this historic city has made a name for itself in the world of architecture and design, and nowhere is that distinction more evident than in its apartment dwellings, as this colorful volume clearly proves.
	www.familyhaven.com /architecture/architecture53/architecture539.html (2463 words)

	MIT Museum - Collections & Research - Architecture & Design
		MIT Museum’s Architecture and Design Collection is one of the country’s important collections for the study of architectural instruction and practice.
		The emphasis of the collection is on study drawings not built work, such as travel sketches of MIT students awarded the Rotch traveling fellowship, today awarded by the Boston Society of Architects.
		Developed for instruction in architectural design and graphics, represents work of European and American architects of the 1840s through the 1920s, including Samuel Chamberlain, Louis Rosenberg, Bertram Goodhue, and Emmanuel Brune and Piranesi prints brought to MIT in the 1860s.
	web.mit.edu /museum/collections/architecture.html (295 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Tintoretto was devoted to optical effects, dramatic foreshortenings, unusual compositions, and virtuosic renderings of light, all splendidly demonstrated in his 56 huge paintings (1564–87) for the Scuola di San Rocco in Venice.
		In Italy, before the middle of the 16th century, the purely Renaissance forms of painting, sculpture, and architecture were gradually giving way either to academic repetition or to a renewed monumentality that was to become the hallmark of
		GOTHIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE,) were contemporary with the discoveries and the changing outlook toward humans and their world that were characteristic of Italy.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=220512#FWNE.fw..re030800.a.b20.c10 (6169 words)

	Renaissance Art and Architecture, painting, sculpture, architecture, and allied arts produced in Europe in the ...
		Although the portrait also developed as a specific genre in the mid-15th century, Renaissance painters achieved the greatest latitude with the history, or narrative, picture, in which figures located within a landscape or an architectural environment act out a specific story, taken either from classical mythology or Judeo-Christian tradition.
		Within such a context, the painter was able to show men, women, and children in a full range of postures and poses, as well as their diverse emotional reactions and states.
		More than any other of his buildings, the Villa Rotonda was the inspiration for Palladianism, the English architectural movement that dominated building design in the 18th century in England and its colonies.
	hal.muhlberg.edu /depts/forlang/LLC/rus_cult/renaissance_resources.htm (6170 words)

	[No title]
		The amazing architecture and heritage of the present day Andeans is testament to this.
		Temple and forts were constructed of large stones with such amazing skill that Incan architecture is still today world famous.
		The downfall of the empire begins in the mid 1520s when Huaynacapac, the grandson of Pachacuti, dies of an unknown disease before naming his heir.
	www.pitt.edu /~lincs/andbg/cuzco/pcuzco3.htm (1062 words)

	Sculpture
		The Romans' sense of the importance of historic events is evident in many sculptured commemorative monuments in Rome, such as the Arch of Titus (AD 81?), Trajan's Column (106?-113 AD), and the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius (175?); the last- named became the prototype for most later equestrian sculptures.
		Attached to the stonework rather than freestanding, the carved image becomes an integral part of the architecture, conforming in design to the area where it was placed—portal, tympanum, or jamb.
		Many of his elegant, monumental works are found outdoors, enhancing their modern urban architectural settings; Toronto, New York, Chicago, and Dallas, Texas, are among the numerous cities displaying Moore's masterpieces.
	www.springstun.com /sculpture.htm (6856 words)

	Objectives
		Beginning in the 1520s, Early Mannerist tendencies can be seen first in the works of various Italian painters, and later in other European artists.
		Sculpture and to a lesser extent architecture also employ Mannerist elements.
		Architecture of the late 16th century initiates a transitional style known as Proto-Baroque.
	wps.prenhall.com /hss_janson_histofart_7/0,10343,1928181-content,00.html (158 words)

	Wood Carving
		The style of these figures, elongated and confined within roughly cylindrical shapes, was partly dictated by the natural shape of the trunk or branch of a tree.
		Wood was esteemed by baroque and rococo sculptors in southern Germany and Austria because its strength and lightness, together with paint and gilt, enabled artists to create the illusion of figures flying in the clouds; Ignaz Gunther was the supreme wood sculptor of this period.
		During the 19th century, wood was used mainly for church and domestic furniture and in architectural details.
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/DecorativeArts/WoodCarving.html (1668 words)

	CGFA- Bio: Michelangelo
		The project for the Julius Tomb required architectural planning, but Michelangelo's activity as an architect only began in earnest in 1519, with the plan for the facade (never executed) of the Church of San Lorenzo in Florence, where he had once again taken up residence.
		In the 1520s he also designed the Laurentian Library and its elegant entrance hall adjoining San Lorenzo, although these structures were finished only decades later.
		In 1538-39 plans were under way for the remodeling of the buildings surrounding the Campidoglio (Capitol) on the Capitoline Hill, the civic and political heart of the city of Rome.
	cgfa.dotsrc.org /michelan/michelangelo_bio.htm (1929 words)

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