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Topic: 1537 Transylvania

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		Ferdinand still hoped to recover Transylvania, and in 1551 Martinuzzi persuaded Isabella to renounce her son's claims in return for a duchy in Silesia for him, and monetary compensation for herself.
		Isabella and her son were reinstated in Transylvania, which in 1566 the Sultan formally declared an autonomous principality under his own suzerainty; if John Sigismund died without heirs the Transylvanians were to elect his successor, subject to confirmation of their choice by the Porte.
		Largely owing to this support from Transylvania, partly also to the division of the Habsburg patrimony prevailing at the time, Royal Hungary was able to preserve a good deal of political and religious liberty during the first half of the seventeenth century.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/wooton/34/macartney/4.html (8061 words)

	world history - narrative chronology from 1400 to 1799 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		After the second siege of Vienna (1683), when the city was relieved by John II Sobieski of Poland, the Habsburg Empire went on the offensive.
		Transylvania was wrested from the control of the Rakozy, a local dynasty, in 1711.
		This happened during the reign of Ahmed III (1703-1730), who was deposed by the janissaries, demonstrating the internal weakness of the sultanate.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /1400-1799.html (7134 words)

	The History of Protestantism - Volume Third - Book Twentieth - Protestantism in Hungary and Transylvania
		In several of the free cities, and among the Saxons of Transylvania, the reception given to the Reformed doctrines was instant and cordial.
		Some labored among the mountains of Transylvania, others evangelized on the plains and amid the towns of Hungary; and from the foot of the Carpathians to the borders of Turkey and the confines of Germany, the seeds of truth and life were being scattered.
		In 1545 a synod was held in the town of Erdoed, Comitat of Szmathmar, in the north of Transylvania.
	www.giveshare.org /churchhistory/protestantismwylie/v3b20.html (15553 words)

	The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Cyclopedia
		It was signed 1537 with the AC at Schmalkalden (see B 2).
		In Transylvania* the AC was accepted mostly by Saxons.
		In April 1537 the council set for Mantua was postponed to November 1, 1537; later it was reset for May 1, 1538, Vicenza, It.
	www.lcms.org /ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=l&word=LUTHERANCONFESSIONS (3204 words)

	CHAPTER - DEVAY AND HIS FELLOW-WORKERS.
		One day, in 1529, Luther was visited by a young man who so completely won his heart that he admitted him into his house and to his table; and, during his stay at Wittenberg, the young Magyar had the privilege of listening to the pious discourses and the witty talk of the great doctor.
		This student was born at Deva in Transylvania, near the banks of the river Maros, in the waters of which gold is found.
		It was at the court of Queen Mary, in the time of King Louis, that he had been enlightened, by means of the frequent conversations which he had held with the minister’s Kopaczy and Szeray.
	www.godrules.net /library/calvin/76calvin_g27.htm (6471 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Reformation
		In 1537 Luther's companion Johann Bugenhagen (Pomeranus) was summoned from Wittenberg to Denmark to establish the Reformation in accordance with the ideas of Luther.
		Notwithstanding the persecution of the Reformers, a Lutheran school was started at Hermannstadt, and the nobility endeavoured to use the Reformation as a means of confiscating the property of the clergy.
		At the Diet of Klausenburg in 1556 general religious freedom was granted and the ecclesiastical property confiscated for the defence of the country and the erection of Lutheran schools.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12700b.htm (10509 words)

	THE FINE ARTS
		One of the few exceptions is the 16th century Episcopal Church of Curtea de Arges, with a lavish decoration designed with Caucasian and Arab models in mind, a foundation of the Wallachian ruler Neagoe Basarab (1512-1521).
		In Transylvania, on the contrary, sculpture was extensively used in the decoration of Catholic religious abodes.
		Detachment from Byzantine canons, characteristic of the 17th and 18th century, reached an acme in the 19th century once the lay character asserted itself in the arts and arts became adapted to modern life both in subject-matter (portraits and historical scenes) and in techniques (easel painting) or artistic trends (Academism and Romanticism).
	www.bh-designus.com /fine_arts.htm (888 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for 1534 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Stephen Báthory, 1477-1534, a loyal adherent of John I of Hungary (John Zápolya), was made (1529) voivode [governor] of Transylvania.
		He was the first (1534) to demonstrate an instrument for measuring angles and was the reputed inventor of the rhumb line.
		Stefan Batory, 1533-86, king of Poland (1575-86), prince of Transylvania (1571-75), son of Stephen Báthory (1477-1534).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=1534&StartAt=11 (743 words)

	Marriott, The Eastern Question. Chapter 4
		Another expedition in 1543 confirmed the Turkish possession of Hungary and Transylvania which, except for a strip retained by Ferdinand, was definitely incorporated as the pashalik of Buda in the Ottoman Empire.
		Secure in the possession of Algiers he was still in; a position to attack with effect, and in the space of a few months he plundered the island of Minorca, sacked the coasts of Apulia and Calabria, and recovered Coron.
		In 1537 Suleiman, in response to an appeal from France, declared war upon the Venetians, who were staunch in their alliance with the emperor.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Marr04.html (9312 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1300-1730 by Sanderson Beck
		In 1537 Venetians joined a "holy league" with the imperial forces against the Turks, but the Ottoman navy defeated them enough at Corfu and in the Gulf of Arta to enable the Turks to dominate the Mediterranean for the next third of a century.
		Transylvania, led by Stephen Bocskai, came back over to the Ottomans in 1605, enabling them to regain Gran and other strongholds.
		The treaty of 1606 recognized the independence of Transylvania, and Emperor Rudolf II gave the Sultan 200,000 gulden but then was regarded as an equal with no further tribute.
	san.beck.org /1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html (18048 words)

	Mukachevo Monastery of St. Nicholas - Religion - The Rusyns - Rusyn.org
		Like the rest of Subcarpathian Rus’, the Mukachevo Monastery faced difficult times after the fall of the Hungarian Kingdom in the mid-sixteenth century and the subsequent struggle for control of the country among the Austrian Habsburgs, princes of Transylvania, and the Ottoman Empire.
		In the course of the protracted Habsburg-Transylvanian wars the monastery’s wooden buildings were burned (1537) and then rebuilt (1538-1550) with the help of the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand I (r.
		It was not until the following centuries that the wooden structures were gradually replaced by stone structures, beginning with a rotunda church (1661) by the architect Stefan Piamens, and followed by the Baroque-style complex (1766-1772) by Demeter Racz/Dymytrii Rats’, whose design was used for the construction of a new church (1798-1804).
	www.rusyn.org /?root=rusyns&rusyns=religion&article=155 (600 words)

	easley - eas29.htm
		She died 28 Feb 1994 in Pickens Co., SC and was buried in Holly Springs Baptist Church, Pickens Co., SC.
		Helen Irene Barton was born 1916 and died 23 Feb 1976.
		Pauline J Barton (George Timothy Barton, Millington Barton, John Barton, Nancy Ann Easley, John, John, John, Robert) was born in Transylvania Co., NC.
	www.homestead.com /oldpend2/files/easley/easg29.htm (1034 words)

	The Hungarian Reformation
		In Transylvania (then part of Hungary) the Reformers were zealous in catechizing the people.
		This led to the populace mocking and ridiculing the superstitious beliefs of the Roman priests.
		In 1537 Matthias Devay began a powerful ministry in Budapest, and Ferdinand was presented with a copy of the Augsberg Confession.
	www.scionofzion.com /hungarian_reformation.htm (1668 words)

	Monasteries, churches and mosques from Romania
		Its constructions begin in 1316 and was completed in 1442, with the support of ruler Iancu de Hunedoara.
		- Alba Iulia (1246-1300), the most valuable monument of medieval architecture in Transylvania, it has the same age as the famous Notre Dame, it was built in a later Romanesque style.
		- built in 1240, is one of the oldest orthodox church in Transylvania.
	www.romania.activtravel.ro /churches.htm (3937 words)

	BookWire - Meet The Author - Beecher Smith
		In 1476 Dracula embarked on his last campaign and third reign as Voivode (Prince) of Transylvania.
		He had married a cousin of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and his fortune was on the rise again.
		Both Paracelsus and Ladislas Dracula were present in Vienna in 1537.
	www.bookwire.com /MeetTheAuthor/Interview_Beecher_Smith.htm (1564 words)

	Transylvania .Info – Transilvania , Romania related websites
		A 6 days journey to one of the most beautiful and wild parts of Transylvania – an area of 500 kms on paved and rough terrain, twisty back country roads...
		The part of Romania that lies west and north of the great arc of the Carpathian mountains has a different character.
		Once veiled by Communism and wracked by revolution, the land of Transylvania and Paris of the East is ripe for exploration Mysterious Romania, from the Transylvanian plateau to the Black...
	www.transylvania.info /cgi-bin/indexing?AG_PROCESS=LISTSUBCAT&CAT=15&LANG=1&SUBCAT=164 (355 words)

	The Anabaptists and the Reformation
		This document stressed: Jesus as a revelation of God, but only as a man; that the "Word made flesh" meant God's decree became flesh in the man Jesus; Christ was not the Son of God prior to His birth; separation of church and state; soul sleep and the annihilation of the wicked (conditional immortality).
		Under persecution they were forced to abandon their communities in Moravia, moving initially to Transylvania, Slovakia and Ukraine, before being forced on into Russia by 1770.
		Ordained an elder in Groningen in early 1537, Menno began his itinerant ministry of reforming the Dutch Anabaptists.
	www.rbc.org.nz /library/anabap.htm (11581 words)

	Round-trip MOLDAVIA AND TRANSYLVANIA - Tourism, travel, accommodation, vacations, mountain, sea, round-trip, trips, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		In 1920 the castle was donated by the city of Brasov to Queen Maria, and became one of her favorite homes.
		MOLDOVITA was founded in 1532, the interior and exterior paintings dating from 1537.
		City tour of Cluj Napoca, considered the most important town in Transylvania: the center of the town, where most of the old street facades have survived intact, St. Michael Catholic Church, a late Gothic building, one of the largest of this kind in Transylvania
	www.romaniantourism.com /index.php?unde=circuite&tid=345 (802 words)

	The Development of Islam
		He is the one who in 1537 (eight years after failing to take Vienna) built the walls that one sees around Jerusalem today.
		In 1699 they ceded Hungary and Transylvania to Austria.
		The Turks held control of Palestine up til the first World War, but were not able to care for it.
	www.christianleadershipcenter.org /me3.htm (6229 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lutherans and Lutheranism
		Before he died (18 Feb., 1546), his teachings had been propagated in many states of Germany in Poland, in the Baltic Provinces, in Hungary, transylvania, the Netherlands, Denmark and Scandinavia.
		From these European countries Lutheranism has been carried by emigration to the New World, and in the United States it ranks among the leading Protestant denominations.
		Freedom of worship was granted in Transylvania in 1545, and in Hungary in 1606.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09458a.htm (6233 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - total newbie's Brandenburg AAR
		In 1537, we hear that Persia has again gone to war against the Uzbeks, and the French alliance has declared war against Spain and Baden.
		Toward the end of 1537, Spain militarily annexes Lorraine, and we hear that Moldovia has become a vassal of Transylvania.
		In other news, we hear that Transylvania and Ethiopia have both declared war on Turkey, and that Turkey has once again grabbed more land from Persia.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=15194 (5800 words)

	Gerard Mercator
		From Frisius young Kremer derived much of his inclination to cartography and scientific geography.
		In 1534 he founded his geographical establishment at Louvain; in 1537 he published his earliest known map, now lost (Terrtie sanctae descriptio).
		In 1537-40 he executed his famous survey and map of Flanders (Exactissima Flandriae descriptio), of which a copy exists in the Musée Plantin, Antwerp.
	www.nndb.com /people/636/000038522 (786 words)

	Michael Servetus
		Public criticism of those responsible for his execution, the Reform Protestants in Geneva and their pastor, John Calvin, moreover, inspired unitarians and other groups on the radical left-wing of the Reformation to develop and institutionalize their own heretical views.
		Calvin's theology had included little mention of the trinitarian nature of the godhead until, in 1537, another reformer, Pierre Caroli, accused him of being an Arian.
		Although cleared by a synod at Lausanne, Calvin was afterwards on his guard and determined to deal severely with deviations in this area of orthodoxy.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/michaelservetus.html (3375 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 17
		In the Life of Saint Elizabeth, Dietrich von Apolda relates that one evening in 1207 the minnesinger Klingsohr from Transylvania announced to the Landgraf Hermann I of Thuringia that a daughter had been born to the king of Hungary that night, who should be exalted in holiness and become the wife of Hermann's son.
		Born in Asunciön, Paraguay, 1576; died November 15, 1628; beatified in 1934; canonized 1988 as one of the Martyrs of Paraguay.
		As early as 1537, Pope Paul III, at the instigation of Bartolome de las Casas and the Dominicans, had condemned the enslavement and dispossession of Native Americans.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1117.htm (8212 words)

	Partners In The World
		The First Unitarian Partner Church Group reactivated their partnership with the Homorodjanosfalva Unitarian Church in Transylvania, Romania in April 2003.
		Members receive gift of banner from the Ladies Sewing Club of Janosfalva, Transylvania, Romania.
		Janne Eller-Isaacs from Unity Church Unitarian and their partner church program.
	www.ucdsm.org /graphics/Partner/pcc.htm (243 words)

	Data: 1401 AD to 1970 AD - The Ethnohistory Project
		((50-10) is coded as Russian (S) record.) 342 18 1520 1566 A Turks T Transylvania C From Wallachia & reduced area to vassal status.
		900 434 1520 1699 A Turks T {Transylvania} {342-18} L For consistency with (342-18).
		342 13 1537 # N Turks T Otranto, SE I ('heel') N From European Turkey.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /ee/msr/Ethno/dategen11.html (8783 words)

	700000 people connected with European Royalty
		Liberty Memorial Park, Pickens Co., SC Reece, Beauford W. born 22 Oct 1888, Transylvania Co., NC died 15 Mar 1889, NC bur.
		born Dec 1897, Transylvania Co., NC Reece, Boyd J. born 22 Jun 1895, Gilmer Co., GA died 12 Feb 1972, GA bur.
		Oak Grove Baptist Church, Transylvania Co., NC Reece, Eva E. bur.
	www.e-familytree.net /names2624.htm (1286 words)

	Page 148
		Versions by Jews: (1) The Evangelium Matthcei in lingua Hebraied cum versions Latina, by Sebastian Minster, appeared at Basel, 1537 (2d ed., Paris, 1541; 3d ed., with Hebrews in Hebrew and Latin, Basel, 1557).
		It has passed through many editions with some slight corrections.
		During the religious wars (1604-45) against the Austrian monarchs the Hungarian nation heroically fought for political and religious liberty; to the great Protestant princes of Transylvania, Bocakai,
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc02/htm/old/0164=148.htm (861 words)

	BOOK 13. HUNGARY, POLAND, BOHEMIA. THE NETHERLANDS.
		PROGRESS OF EVANGELIZATION AND OF THE SWISS REFORMATION IN HUNGARY.
		(1515 to 1548.) Rome the persecutor—Islamism tolerant—Council of Trent—The union of Christians in Hungary—Confessions of Faith—Szegedin in the South of Hungary—His second banishment—Emeric Eszeky—The Gospel at Tolna—Refusal of the Turks to persecute— Spread of the Gospel—Rule of the Turks favorable to the Gospel— The Faith embraced in the whole of Transylvania.
		THE POLISH REFORMER IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN FRIESLAND.
	www.godrules.net /library/daubigne/77daubigne_g5.htm (221 words)

	Military history of Renaissance Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		A third campaign by the Polish King Sigismund I, from
		1534 to 1537, ended indecisively with a third Truce, with Russia keeping
		throne, revolted when Stephen Bathory of Transylvania was elected.
	britishbattles.homestead.com /files/russia/poland20020402.htm (1544 words)

	Great Belarusian Military Commanders
		- duke of Transylvania since 1571, became king of Poland in 1576 when he married princess Anna Jagiellonka.
		Scyapan Batory was always conducting politics against the enemies of Transylvania - Austro-Hungarian Habsburgs and Turkey.
		Batory has led wars against Muscovy of Ivan IV in 1578-1582, which had 3 successful battles: Polacak (1579), Velikie Luki (1580) and Pskov (1581).
	www.belarusguide.com /cities/commanders/commanders.html (8643 words)

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