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Topic: 1540 BC

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	ExodusProblems
		The first event is the Hyksos expulsion of circa 1540 BC, the second event is a Ramesside expulsion as preserved by the Hellenistic era Egyptian priest called Manetho who wrote a history of Egypt for his Ptolemaic Greek overlords in the 3rd century BC.
		In all cases, 1540, 1446 or 1250 BC, there is no Sihon the Amorite at Heshbon (Tell Hesban) to hinder the Israelite advance on Canaan via the plains of Jericho, Heshbon not being settled until after 1200 BC according to the archaeological record.
		Add this to 966 BC when the Temple was begun, and we have 1540 BC for the Exodus date, on the "testimony of the sacred writings" of the Jews and Early Christians.
	www.bibleorigins.net /ExodusProblems.html (10046 words)

	Nubia - Crystalinks
		B.C., the Kushite kings had moved south to the Sudanese savannah and built a capitol at Meroe.
		At the end of the 4th millennium BC, kings of Egypt's 1st dynasty conquered upper Nubia south of Aswan, introducing Egyptian cultural influence to the African peoples who were scattered along the riverbank.
		719 BC), the whole of Egypt to the shores of the Mediterranean was brought under the administration of Kush.
	www.crystalinks.com /nubia.html (6420 words)

	Egyptvoyager.com: The Complex of Karnak - Luxor, Egypt
		The sphinxes date to the reign of Ramesses II (1290-1224 BC) of the 19th Dynasty, although some archaeologists believe that they may even be older and date to the reign of Amenhotep III (1391-1353 BC).
		The small chapel immediately to the left of the entrance, behind the unfinished northern tower of the 1st Pylon, was built by Seti II (1214-1204 BC) of the 19th Dynasty as a resting-place for the barks of the Theban triad that were carried around during some festivals.
		The southern wall of the Open Court is interrupted by a small temple, constructed during the reign of Ramesses III (1194-1163 BC) of the 20th Dynasty.
	www.egyptvoyager.com /karnak.htm (2163 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| Older than Egypt is Ethiopia
		In Arabic her name is Bilquis, in Ethiopia Makeda and in the biblical language of the Israelites she is known as the Queen of Sheba.
		During the Chalcolithic Age (6200-3000 BC) the inhabitants began cultivating grains and crops that are still much in use in Ethiopia today.
		Queen Hatshepsut in the 18th dynasty (1540-1304 BC) dispatched a diplomatic and trading mission to Punt, beautifully depicted on her funerary temple at Deir Al-Bahri.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/652/heritage.htm (3095 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Ancient Egypt
		From around 3500 to 3000 BC there were great and very sudden advances in craftsmanship and technology, which culminated in the working of copper, stone mace heads and ceramics.
		c.3100 BC The process of consolidating the single kingdom is completed by the founding of a new capital at Memphis, strategically situated at the junction of the Nile Valley and the Delta.
		It is possible that the Hyksos are driven by the same famine in the Middle East that causes the Israelites to migrate to Egypt.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsAfrica/EgyptAncient.htm (1422 words)

	A Look At Egypt
		332 BC - Egypt conquered by Alexander of Macedon.
		323 BC - Ptolemy, son of Lagos, regent for Philip Arrhidaeus and Alexander II.
		31 BC - A Roman fleet crushed an Egyptian force in the battle of Actium.
	www.geocities.com /jjtc4461/TimeLine.htm (677 words)

	Exodus1540BCHyksos
		He was also aware that the Hyksos Expulsion associated with Pharaoh Ahmose I was a mid 16th century BCE event and that almost 100 years separated the Hyksos expulsion from the 1446 BCE Exodus date, and that because of this discrepancy, some scholars had rejected the Exodus as being a Hyksos Expulsion.
		I suspect that the Expulsion of the Hyksos and the conquest of Canaan by Ahmose and his successors was such a traumatic event, that this date became a "cornerstone" marker for subsequent histories or chronologies.
		Canaan after 1540 BCE became the vassal of Egypt, subject to tribute, and her peoples were hauled off to Egypt to serve as slaves building the mighty monuments of the glorious New Kingdom Era.
	www.bibleorigins.net /Exodus1540BCHyksos.html (9014 words)

	The Star Sothis and Egyptian Chronology
		The dates in the twenty-third century BC - attributed to Hammurabi by the earlier historians - have had to be periodically adjusted as a result of new archaeological finds; first to c.2100 BC, and more lately to c.1700 BC, with differences of opinion still amounting to nearly a century.
		And since from his general estimation he believed that the date of 2781 BC was an impossibly late one for the commencement of this sequence of eleven dynasties, Meyer concluded that the Egyptian calendar must have been inaugurated in a presumed earlier Sothic period commencing at 4240 BC.
		Parker, in regard to Neugebauer's revised calculation of 2800 BC for the beginning of Egyptian civilisation, could agree that Egypt by then was unquestionably in possession of a well organised economic life, as well as writing and mathematics; these being Neugebauer's conditions 'sine qua non' for the creation of a schematic calendar (16).
	www.specialtyinterests.net /sothic_star.html (15941 words)

	Pharaonic time (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Golden age in this era existed three family in the period between 2647 and 2573 BC until the w I am the King of Kings is Zoser, which emphasized the unity and 11th away the balance between the peoples of the north and south in the pyramid gainful c, which was built in Saqqara.
		The king was Anyas in the late kings of this family and the rule of the period from 2435 to 2408 BC and was buried in Sugar e with some texts funeral,, which has been subsequently embedded Ahram; commenting on the walls pyramid.
		The princes States were in complete control of every mother Arch during the rule of families in the ninth and tenth the period from 2123 to 2040 BC dominated and treatment automatic their areas, and have begun to expand their influence by the boat until Mang P j Delta and south to Assiut.
	www.phrasebase.com /forum/read.php?TID=18841 (2254 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Ancient Egypt
		In the late sixth millennium BC farming villages appeared in the Nile Valley.
		From around 3500 to 3000 BC there were great and very sudden advances in craftsmanship and technology, which culminated in the working of copper, stone mace heads and ceramics.
		c.3100 BC The process of consolidating the single kingdom is completed by the founding of a new capital at Memphis, strategically situated at the junction of the Nile Valley and the Delta.
	www.history.kessler-web.co.uk /KingListsAfrica/EgyptAncient.htm (1296 words)

	El-agizy Corporaion // About Egypt
		The 3rd Dynasty (2647-2573 BC) was the first of the Memphite houses, and its second ruler, Zoser, or Djoser, emphasized national unity by balancing northern and southern motifs in his mortuary buildings at Saqqara.
		As a consequence of internal strife, the reigns of this and the succeeding 8th Dynasty (2134-2124 BC) are rather obscure.
		In fact the next two dynasties, the 23rd (818-715 BC) and 24th (727-715 BC), were contemporaneous with the latter part of the 22nd Dynasty, just as the 25th (Nubian) Dynasty effectively controlled much of Egypt during the last years of the 22nd and the 24th dynasties.
	www25.brinkster.com /elagizy/About_Egypt.htm (12994 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From the Twelfth Dynasty onwards the word appears in a wish formula 'Great Home, may it live, prosper, and be in health', but only with reference to the buildings of the court rather than the king himself.
		It is generally thought that Joseph held office under one of the shepherd - or Hyksos kings, who ruled in Egypt between 1648 BC to 1540 BC, and were finally expelled by Ahmose I shortly after 1580 BC.
		The Pharaoh mentioned in 2 Kings 18:21 and Isaiah 36:6 is by many thought to be Taharqa; but if the expedition of Sennacherib occurred in 701 B.C., as is generally held, there is little doubt that Shabaka, or possibly Shabataka, is the Pharaoh referred to.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Pharaoh (1613 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sardinia
		At the beginning of the nuragic age circa 1500 BC the island was first called Hyknusa (Latinized Ichnusa) by the Mycenaeans probably meaning island (nusa) of the Hyksos, the people who had just been expelled by Ahmose I of Egypt circa 1540 BC.
		Last and present name has been Sardinia, for the Shardana (whose invasion of Egypt was defeated by Ramesses III circa 1180 BC).
		The Shardana or Sherden sea pirates are one of several groups of Sea Peoples who appear in fragmentary historical records (Egyptian inscriptions) for the Mediterranean region in the second millennium B.C.; little is known about them.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sardinia (1098 words)

	Biblical Horizons » 6_01
		The system still used today is essentially that established by the chronologist Eduard Meyer in 1904, hinging on two recently discovered Sothic references–one around 1870 BC during the 12th Dynasty and another of 1540 BC for the 18th Dynasty.
		The rulers of England have often supported the absurd notion that the English and Saxon races are descended from the "lost tribes of Israel." Today, the Israeli claim to the land of Palestine is grounded in events 2000 years old.
		When the Greek politician Solon visited Egypt in the 6th century BC, he was chided as a citizen of such a youthful culture, and was told that Egyptian history ran back 8000 years.
	www.biblicalhorizons.com /biblical-chronology/6_01 (3635 words)

	Registration Guide - Easy Step Registration
		Non-DoD Government organizations should refer to Appendix A, "Non-DoD Offices Desig nated to Approve DD Form 1540", to locate the appropriate approving official.
		DoD organizations requesting classified access, and non-DoD Government organizations requesting limited or classified access, should forward the original copy of the DD Form 1540 to their approving official for signature.
		Forward the original copy of DD Form 1540 to the approving official for signature.
	www.dtic.mil /dtic/pubs/regguide/appendix_d.html (503 words)

	eHistory.com: Ancient History: Ancient Egypt Overview
		Around 3100 BC, two kingdoms that had grown up along the Nile river were united when the ruler of Upper Egypt conquered the kingdom in Lower Egypt.
		A series of weak rulers causes a new breakdown in centralized authority during the Second Intermediate Period (dynasties 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th.) The Hyksos from Asia took advantage of Egypt's internal conflicts.
		Sheshonq I of Libya siezes Egypt's throne in 945 BC.
	ehistory.osu.edu /ancient/egypt/overview.cfm (780 words)

	Hatshepsut Biography and Summary
		Hatshepsut (1540-1481 BC) was an Egyptian queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
		1510 B.C.-1458 B.C. Egyptian Pharaoh Hatshepsut was not the only woman ruler of ancient times; however, as Egyptian pharaoh during the Eighteenth Dynasty, she was the only one to rule a world power at the height of its greatness.
		1482 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
	www.bookrags.com /Hatshepsut (247 words)

	Early villages hold the key to war - 15 September 2003 - New Scientist
		Their oldest carbon date, 1540 BC, comes from a house that burned over a century after the first permanent village of San José Mogote was founded.
		The palisade, indicative of a defended village, was dated to 1300 BC - the oldest date for a Mexican fortification.
		The oldest known Mesoamerican writing on a stone monument in San José Mogote, which the pair dates at 630 BC, was carved to mark the sacrifice of a captive.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4167 (589 words)

	info: 1540_BC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		1545 BC - Ahmose I, Pharaoh and founder of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, died, According to the High Chronology.
		1540 BC) A series of weak rulers causes a new breakdown in centralized authority during the Second Intermediate Period (dynasties 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th.
		BC) is recalling not only her Iron I ancestors invasion ca.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /1540_BC.html (452 words)

	1540 Bc
		Decades : 1590s BC 1580s BC 1570s BC 1560s BC 1550s BC - 1540s BC - 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC 1500s BC 1490s BC
		1546 BC - Ahmose I, Pharaoh and founder of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, died.
		If you have any comments, please write to info@seattleluxury.com.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/1540_BC (84 words)

	MOSES IN ANCIENT EGYPT
		In 1628 BC, the upwardly surging power of the most destructive volcanic eruption in known history sent the entire mass of the city of Atlantis skyward, all trace of it lost in a great explosive cloud of molten ash and iron...
		When the seven years of famine commenced, around 1567 BC, Egypt held sufficient reserves of corn and grain to both survive the future and to be able to sell their excess stocks to the starving peoples of neighbouring lands, at a high premium, of course.
		It is difficult to make a case dating either JACOB or JOSEPH after 1540 BC, since all of the corroboratory evidence, both archaeological and historical, connects them compellingly to the period immediately before then, whereas after that time their legend is entirely incompatible with the known internal history and politics of Egypt.
	www.thecreativeuniverse.org /MOSES.htm (15024 words)

	Minoan reproduction pottery, ancient Crete, Greek Pottery
		The Minoan culture began circa 200o-2100 BC on the island of Crete which is located at the entrance of the Aegean Sea.
		This style is characterized by dark figures on a light background, and by detailed organic marine forms, such as squids, octopii, dolphins, and nautiluses against a backdrop of seaweed and coral reefs.
		This cup is not based on any one design, but rather on the Corinthian decoration style from the 7th to 6th century BC, where fl figures were painted on a red background.
	venetiancat.com /Price-List2.html (1356 words)

	IBSS - Biblical Archaeology - Evidence of the Exodus from Egypt
		In 1320 BC Seti celebrated the 400th year of the reign of Seth, and the beginning of the Hyksos rule (1720 BC).
		The exodus is to be identified with the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt by Ahmose (1570 BC).
		The exodus is to be identified with the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt by Ahmose (1570-50 BC; Frerichs and Lesko, 1997, 82, 96).
	www.bibleandscience.com /archaeology/exodus.htm (13372 words)

	Sardinia at AllExperts
		At the beginning of the nuragic age circa 1500 BC the island was first called Hyknusa (latinized Ichnusa) by the Mycenaeans probably meaning island (nusa) of the Hyksos, the people who had just been expelled by Ahmose I of Egypt circa 1540 BC.
		The density, extensiveness and sheer size of the architectural remains from the Neolithic period, points to a considerable population of the island.
		In 238 BC, after being defeated by the Roman Republic during the First Punic War, Carthage ceded Sardinia to Rome.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sa/sardinia.htm (1496 words)

	Ginger (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Stretching for over 3 miles along the edge of the Nile flood plain, already by 3500 BC it was a city of many neighborhoods and quarters.
		She also emphasizes that skull genetic differences were measurable among English social classes, and that the Naqada people could be compared with the higher classes of modern Europe.
		The Case for Rameses II Ramesses II of the 19th Dynasty, (1279 to 1213 BC) is the most famous of all Pharaohs of ancient Egypt.
	www.world-destiny.org /or/ginger.htm (3650 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: )
		DEFINITION: The time, 1630-1540 BC, when groups of Asiatic people appear to have migrated into the Egyptian Delta and established settlements.
		1523 BC), with its capital at Avaris (Tall ad-Dab'a) in the Delta, and ended with the 17th Dynasty (c 1630-1540 BC), ruling from Thebes.
		The Second Intermediate period was the consequence of political fragmentation and immigration and the time may have been somewhat impoverished.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?exact=1&terms=Second%20Intermediate%20Period (82 words)

	Sardinia
		In 2004, in a cave in Logodoru, a human phalanx was found that was dated up to 250.000 BC (http://www.sardegnacultura.it/periodistorici/prenuragico/paleolitico/inferiore.htm).
		In 238 BC, after being defeated by the Roman Republic during the First Punic War, Carthage ceded Sardinia to Rome.
		From 456 - 534, Sardinia was a part of the short-lived kingdom of the Vandals in North Africa, until it was reconquered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. During this time a considerable amount of Germanic Vandals and Iranic Alans settled on the island.
	www.printpromotionguide.com /article.php?t=Sardinia (1239 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By 2400 BC, the Minoan civilization on Crete were employing the technique.
		There is evidence that the Meriotic goldsmiths of the first century BC were still making loop in loop chains for Egyptian royalty, as seen in finds from Late Period tombs.
		From these central roots the technique of loop in loop spread to Europe in the north, to Tunisia and Morocco in the West, India in the south, and east - as far as Indonesia.
	www.celticjewelry.com /etruscan_popup.php (480 words)

	Cleveland Museum of Art - Explore the Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art collections
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Tuthmosis III, to Amenhotep III, 1479-1353 BC Fragment of a Tomb Relief
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III to Akhenaten, 1391-1337 BC Hathor Jar
		Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III, 1391-1353 BC Hedgehog Scaraboid
	www.clevelandart.org /Explore/department.asp?deptgroup=1&display=list&recNo=100 (450 words)

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