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Topic: 1550s in architecture

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	Palladio Andrea: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The measured drawings he made of these were published with compositions of his own and, based on the treatise of Vitruvius, a description of practical systems of design and proportioning.
		Among his best-known houses (built in the 1550s and 1560s) are the Villa Rotonda (overlooking Vicenza), the Chiericati Palace and the Valmarana Palace (both: Vicenza), and the Villa Barbaro (Maser).
		This architectural in-joke is enriched by comparison with plans published in the illustrated treatise by Andrea Palladio, The Four Books on Architecture, which appeared in 1570; this handbook of designs, well-known to Besss circle of...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/palladio_andrea.jsp (1870 words)

	Italian Renaissance Encyclopedia Articles @ PeriodsAndStyles.com (Periods and Styles) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Humanist scholars searched monastic libraries for ancient manuscripts and recovered Tacitus and other Latin authors; with the rediscovery of Vitruvius architectural principles of Antiquity could be observed once more, and Renaissance artists were encouraged, in the atmosphere of humanist optimism, to excel the Ancients, like Apelles, of whom they read.
		Its architecture reflects the philosophy of Humanism, the enlightenment and clarity of mind as opposed to the darkness and spirituality of the Middle Ages.
		Almost all of the innovations which were to define the transition to the Baroque period originated in northern Italy in the last few decades of the century.
	www.periodsandstyles.com /encyclopedia/Italian_Renaissance (5050 words)

	HNA Review of Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Moreover, this s plendid publication by the Antwerp painter deals only with architecture, specifically 31 Genoese palaces and 4 churches, all of which were built between 1540 and 1620, and most probably seen by the artist during his sojourns in the city between 1604 and 1607.
		The quality of the architectural representations – ground plans, façades, and longitudinal and the transversal sections – is very high for that period, and is comparable with the tradition of illustrations of ancient architecture, such as those of the Colosseum in the Codex Coner.
		Rubens’s preoccupation with architecture at this time could be related to the important commissions for various altarpieces and for the decoration of the exterior of two Jesuit churches: St. Ignatius in Antwerp (1617-18), and the Court church in Neuburg on the Danube (1619).
	www.hnanews.org /archive/2003/Rott.html (1465 words)

	4th Savannah Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From the late 15th century, this architecture was adopted as a status symbol by the new nobility who, thanks to the favour of the dukes of Burgundy and their Habsburg successors, were able to build true empires extending across the different lands of the Burgundian federation.
		The central government and court adopted the 'right architecture' (then the French one) as their 'national' architecture, and they recruited highly qualified local architects with an Italian education or French architects, as did the high aristocracy.
		Vernacular architecture is not an academic discipline in the Netherlands and criteria for defining building traditions - layout and construction technique of the box frames - have been accepted implicitly without reflection about the usefulness of these criteria.
	www.scad.edu /dept/arlh/symposium4/abstracts02.html (2161 words)

	Elizabethan England - MSN Encarta
		In doing this in 1559, soon after her accession, she was helped by many who had been opposed to Mary, and who had spent the previous few years abroad to escape Catholic government, under Reformation leaders such as John Calvin in Geneva.
		One of the best statements of Elizabethan Protestantism is a chronicle of the persecutions carried out by Mary I in the 1550s, published by John Foxe in 1563 as Acts and Monuments (sometimes called The Book of Martyrs).
		Elizabeth's courtiers and counsellors often had town dwellings in London and large country estates in counties near the capital, which provide good examples of the Elizabethan style in the architecture of the period.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781533797/Elizabethan_England.html (1277 words)

	Architecture timeline - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished, completing largely the design for the civic structures for the new city deisgned by Le Corbusier.
		The 1937 World's Fair in Paris showcases Nazi and Soviet architecture and Art Deco.
		William Le Baron Jenney opens his architectural practice in Chicago.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Architecture_timeline (2417 words)

	Index of Architecture Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This engaging story illuminates important issues in the history of recent British architecture, and is rich in interest for all concerned with the role of architecture and conservation in society today.
		This analysis of the Minster is based on the architectural recording of the building begun in the early 1970s by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England.
		It was named after Richard Grainger, a native of Newcastle and a builder and speculator unparalleled in the region, who was the coordinator of a radical re-planning that turned the town of his birth from an already handsome regional capital to one which excited the admiration of visitors from far and wide.
	www.familyhaven.com /architecture/architecture47/architecture474.html (1730 words)

	Abstracts of the Research Articles in the Nexus Network Journal
		In fact, "precision in architecture" can be used in reference to diverse aspects such as the carrying out of program functions, to execution, to forms, to distribution of forces, to dimensions, but we could never arrive at a conclusion if the characteristics taken into consideration were not commensurable to a reference sample.
		In architectural designs, the use of symmetry may sometimes be apparent immediately by just looking at designs, although the final design is seemingly asymmetrical; or various symmetries are manifested in the parts of the designs, yet not immediately recognizable despite an almost obsessive concern for symmetry.
		Architecture and Mathematics in the Gothic of the Mendicants Marcello Spigaroli
	www.nexusjournal.com /abstracts.html (8354 words)

	Crimean Tatar Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The early Crimean Khans had their capital in Solhat until the first part of the 16th century, when the capital was moved to Bahçesaray, and Solhat gradually lost its importance as a cultural and economic center.
		It was built in the early 1550s by Khan Devlet Giray and designed by the well-known Ottoman architect Sinan.
		Each monument is accompanied by a description of its history and architecture, written by the staff of the ArchNet project.
	www.iccrimea.org /monuments/monuments.html (1019 words)

	Illustrious People
		Although Palladio reinterpreted ancient architecture in his own image, his accurate reconstructions are still useful to archaeologists.
		Palladio gave architectural expression to the Vicentines' land-based prosperity in his villas, cheap and functional farm buildings as well as elegant romanizing structures.
		By illustrating domestic architecture with his own buildings, Palladio ensured the wide diffusion of his models, which resulted in the 18th century Palladian movements in England, Ireland and America.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/illustri/palladio.html (673 words)

	Amsterdam Heritage - Gothic Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, it was not until the 1550s that stone houses were built on a larger scale.
		After the great fires of 1421 and 1452, which consumed large parts of the medieval city (30 and 75% resp.), several attempts were made to curb the use of wood.
		The Amsterdam version of Gothic architecture is commonly referred to as ‘Dutch Brick Gothic’ or ‘Polder Gothic’ architecture, although it is important to realise that the Nieuwe Kerk shares some features with French Gothic architecture.
	www.bma.amsterdam.nl /adam/uk/gotiek.html (250 words)

	Emergence of Modern Architecture, The - More Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Modern is here taken to mean the radical re-thinking of architecture from the end of the tenth century in Europe to the end of the eighteenth century.
		Among the key debates that mark the period are those that oppose tradition to innovation, canon to discovery, geometrical formality to natural picturesqueness, the functional to the hedonistic.
		The hypothesis here is that by the end of the eighteenth century, when this documentary history ends, the conceptual, professional and educational structures for the practice and propagation of modern architecture are in place.
	www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk /html/moreinfo.asp?etailerid=19&bookId=536910445 (670 words)

	National Gallery of Art - Artistic Exchange: Europe and the Islamic World
		In the mid-1530s, the white background began to be treated as a backdrop for an increasing variety of decoration, culminating in the naturalistic floral style, that peaked in the 1580s.
		Exterior and interior revetments of marble inlaid with semiprecious stones were characteristic of imperial architecture from the mid-seventeenth century.
		The Sasanian empire, which extended from the upper Euphrates and Tigris rivers on the west to the Indus River in the east, was Byzantium's foremost rival in late antiquity.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2004/artexchange/artexchange_glossary.shtm (6983 words)

	[No title]
		Architectural history: In terms of formal analysis, the Renaissance in architecture marks a return to the vocabulary and (in part) the compositional principles of classical architecture, and hence a return to the foundations of western art.
		All architecture throughout history had been constrained by local conditions: local building materials, local workmen and their traditions, local taste, specifics of the local climate (hot or cold, dusty or damp, daytime and nighttime), local architectural iconography.
		Architecture in the early twentieth century was marked by problems (and opportunities) created by new technology, new kinds of urban planning, and social and environmental issues.
	www.pitt.edu /~tokerism/0040/sourcebook.html (17516 words)

	CGFA- Bio: Michelangelo
		The project for the Julius Tomb required architectural planning, but Michelangelo's activity as an architect only began in earnest in 1519, with the plan for the facade (never executed) of the Church of San Lorenzo in Florence, where he had once again taken up residence.
		In 1538-39 plans were under way for the remodeling of the buildings surrounding the Campidoglio (Capitol) on the Capitoline Hill, the civic and political heart of the city of Rome.
		Although Michelangelo's program was not carried out until the late 1550s and not finished until the 17th century, he designed the Campidoglio around an oval shape, with the famous antique bronze equestrian statue of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in the center.
	cgfa.dotsrc.org /michelan/michelangelo_bio.htm (1929 words)

	Water water.(use of water in architecture) - The Architectural Review - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Water as an architectural element experienced a revival of sorts during the Italian Renaissance after it was almost forgotten following the collapse of the Western Empire.
		The emperor Nero was one of the first to relate water to architecture on a large scale, and he did not make himself popular by doing so.
		Suetonius described the gardens of the Golden House as having 'an enormous pool, more like a sea than a pool, which was surrounded by buildings made to resemble cities'.(1) The lake was clearly regarded as the most extravagant feature of the Domus Aurea, built almost in the middle of Rome after the great fire.
	www.highbeam.com /library/docfree.asp?DOCID=1G1:54036012&ctrlInfo=Round19:Mode19a:DocG:Result&ao= (1123 words)

	MOO GHOSTS file list
		She compares the closeness to nature in the gardens there, near the Seine, etc. with the Biology Ponds and Barton Springs pool; Gothic art and architecture there with the griffins and grotesques at the Littlefied House and at St. Mary’s cathedral downtown.
		student takes a time machine to Paris in the 1550s, where he befriends Francois Montcorbier, a notorious student-thief and they compare their university experiences.
		They enter the Sorbonne courtyard, which emanates a sense of the "old world" and they discuss the tensions between the rich and the poor, the gown and the town.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~bump/VSA/Paris.html (3959 words)

	Catena: Digital Archive of Historic Gardens + Landscapes
		Nowhere is this more evident than in the scenic triclinium and canal, where a deep grotto combined with pools, water stairs, channels, and a cascade to produce a highly theatrical effect.
		By the middle of the century, references to Hadrian’s Villa began to appear in guidebooks and architectural treatises, such as those of Palladio and Philibert de l’Orme.
		Much as Piranesi had used the Villa to underscore the creative dimension of Roman architecture and its relevance to architects in his day, Le Corbusier, one of the heroic figures of modernism, particularly admired the way in which the Villa’s architecture was integrated into the surrounding landscape.
	catena.bgc.bard.edu /hadrian/text.htm (1095 words)

	Amazon.ca: Palladio's Venice : Architecture and Society in a Renaissance Republic: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Palladio's Venice : Architecture and Society in a Renaissance Republic
		Famous for public buildings he had designed in his native Vicenza and country villas he had built for wealthy patricians there, he arrived in Venice in the mid- 1550s confident of establishing a successful new practice.
		Failing to achieve the position of state architect or to earn the kinds of commissions to which he was accustomed, he found himself working in a category new to his practice: ecclesiastical architecture.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0300105827 (473 words)

	Timeline of architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages.
		Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.
		Pei\'s pyramid addition to the Louvre is opened.
	www.sancarloscaus.com /section/Architecture_timeline (3240 words)

	The Triumph of the Baroque : Architecture in Europe, 1600-1750 by Henry A. Millon (Editor), Reale Palazzina Di Caccia ...
		The Triumph of the Baroque : Architecture in Europe, 1600-1750
		This catalog, which was published in 2000 to coincide with an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, traces the evolution of baroque architecture in Europe.
		Subjects : ARCHITECTURE : History : Architecture, Baroque
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0847822192 (115 words)

	Scamozzi & Serlio, Unpacking Ruins: architecture from antiquity, Exhibition 2002, Special Collections, University ...
		In the dedication he writes that the text was assembled in ‘the space of a few of days.' The images by Giovanni Battista Pittoni were first used in 1561.
		Over half were copied, without reversal, from Hieronymus Cock's Praecipua aliquot Romanae antiquitatis ruinarum monimenta from the 1550s (also held in the de Beer collection).
		In acknowledging that the work of the Greeks was superior to the Romans, he prepared the way for debate in subsequent centuries.
	www.library.otago.ac.nz /exhibitions/ruins/case_seven.html (190 words)

	Outsiders: black
		Portia, however, is mightily relieved that he chose the gold casket: "Let all of his complexion choose me so" (2.7.79).
		Aaron's fl baby with the Queen of the Goths, Tamora, echoes the shock experienced by the English a decade before Shakespeare's birth, in the mid 1550s, when a fl Guinean married an Englishwoman: their child was of course fl.
		Anthony Burgess, in his novel Nothing Like the Sun, speculates that the dark woman of Shakespeare's Sonnets was literally a fl woman.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/society/outsiders.html (481 words)

	Nando Media Delivers Digital News Using Industry Standard Servers From Dell
		The Digital Workbench is based on a three-tiered architecture using servers for database, page update processor and content processor.
		The reliability of the Nando architecture served a far greater audience than average in the days following the Sept. 11 terrorists' attacks.
		Nando's access to major wire reports and its ability to deliver updated packages of the news on its Web sites was not disrupted while many newspapers experienced problems accessing national news feed services.
	www.dell.com /content/topics/global.aspx/corp/pressoffice/en/2002/2002_01_15_aus_000?c=us&l=en&s=gen (705 words)

	Michele Sanmicheli
		MICHELE SANMICHELI began his studies in Verona with his father and his uncle, both architects, but then left at age 16 to study classical sculpture and architecture at Rome in the workshop of Antonio da Sangallo.
		Bringing with him the benefit of his Roman studies, Sanmicheli was one of the pioneers of Renaissance architecture in the Veneto.
		The Sanmicheli-designed Ca' Cornaro was constructed, 1555-64, in Campo S. Polo, on the site of an earlier family palace there that had been destroyed by fire in 1535.
	www.boglewood.com /cornaro/xsanmicheli.html (437 words)

	Andrea Palladio
		The measured drawings he made of these were published with compositions of his own and, based on the treatise of
		English art and architecture: The Seventeenth Century - The Seventeenth Century From the first quarter of the 17th cent., masterly interpretations of...
		architecture - architecture, the art of building in which human requirements and construction materials are...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0837370.html (448 words)

	FORUM Winter 1999
		The Landscape Architecture program's teaching, research and service mission is directed toward the development of livable and sustainable communities in the context of regional and local ecosystems.
		The College of Architecture and Urban Studies is a m ultidisciplinary college offering graduate and/or undergraduate degree programs in landscape architecture, architecture, industrial design, urban affairs and planning, public administration and policy, and building construction.
		The Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture is located on 187 acres in suburban Montgomery County, 20 miles north of the Temple Main Campus in Philadelphia.
	www.uidaho.edu /cela/forum99winter.html (7763 words)

	Connagh Castle, County Cork
		Resembling some sort of medieval skyscraper, this captivating tower house rises about 85 feet from a great limestone bluff overlooking the lovely rich countryside of the Brade Valley.
		It was built in the 1550s by Sir Thomas Roe FitzGerald, who by right should have succeeded to the title and vast lands of his father, the fourteenth Earl of Desmond.
		His claim was disallowed, however, in favour of his younger half-brother, Garrett, who became the fifteenth Earl of Desmond.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/travel/attractions/castles/conna.shtm (381 words)

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