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Topic: 160 BCE

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	Chronology Of Jubilees
		If the current year (44-43 BCE) did correspond to the cited 2nd year of the land-use agreement then it might be possible to interpret this passage to mean that the respective year did correspond to a 7th year (as celebrated by the Jews).
		Because the dynasty of Asamoneus assumed control of the Temple system in 160 BCE, and because it is very clear that a jubilee-year was not observed under the late Second-Temple (as cited), it is logical to believe that the last time a jubilee-cycle was celebrated may have been prior to the cited Jewish revolt.
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee-year of 571-570 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee-year of 30-31 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle (of 600-years).
	www.israelofgod.org /jubileelink.htm (7329 words)

	The Significance of 70 Years
		Even through Jehoiachin was not in office and was not transported to Babylon until the year 597-596 BCE (at the epoch of a 70th year--as cited) it may have been that the author of Ezekiel reckoned the year of Jehoiachin's captivity' as coinciding with the time of the initial Babylonian conquest of Judea.
		This means that the occurrence of the nearest 7th year (according to 70-year chronology) could have begun in either the spring of the year 162 BCE (not in autumn of the year 163 BCE) or it could have began in the spring of the year 163 BCE (not the autumn of the year 163).
		It is of special significance that the year 37 BCE (the year when King Herod ascended to the throne of Jerusalem) is indicated to have been the year of a conjunction of both cycles--of 70 years and of 49 years.
	www.creation-answers.com /seventy.htm (17768 words)

	Chronology of the Jubilee-Cycle
		The year 135-134 BCE (or the year 177 of the Seleucid Era) was noted to be a 7th year in the writings of Flavius Josephus.
		The year 37-36 BCE is noted to have been both a 7th year and a 70th year in a second passage of 'Antiquities of the Jews'.
		It is of special interest that the year 457 BCE did likewise correspond with the epoch of a 70th year of the kingly cycle as is shown in the online document entitled: 'The Significance of 70 years'.
	www.creation-answers.com /chronoj.htm (5841 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The rededication of the Temple by Maccabean forces in 164 BCE was not the end of the Jewish war against the Syrian-Greeks, nor the military-political escapades of the Hasmonean family.
		In 160 BCE, Judah was killed as Syrian troops invaded the country at the request of Alcimus.
		In 141 BCE, Simon drove the Syrian garrison from Jerusalem, razed the Akra, and expelled the Jewish hellenizers.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9710/971027_c.html (1640 words)

	Chronology of Jubilees Background about Jubilee years and when they happened. Believersweb.org
		Because a jubilee year would hypothetically have been celebrated in the year 422-421 BCE (autumn-to-autumn), it is clear that the year when Ezra arrived at Jerusalem (autumn-to-autumn of 458-457 BCE) would have corresponded with a Sabbatical year of the 50-year cycle (the 2nd Sabbatical of the cited jubilee cycle).
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee year of 572-571 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee year of 29-30 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have both occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle of 600 years.
		Because the location of both of the jubilee years (or 50th years) in 177-176 BCE and 122-121 BCE are manifest from the cited historical cases, the instances of all the intervening Sabbaticals seem easy to verify.
	www.believersweb.org /view.cfm?ID=1000 (5957 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Also in 106–101 BCE, during their conflict against China, the country of Dayuan is said to have been an ally with the neighbouring tribes of the Kang-Kiu (Sogdians).
		According to the Han Chronicles the Yuezhi suffered another defeat around 155 BCE, against the Wusun, and fled south from the Ili river area, by-passed the urban civilization of the Dayuan in Ferghana, and re-settled north of the Oxus in modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, definitively cutting Dayuan from contact with the Greco-Bactrian kingdom.
		Around 130 BCE, at the time of Zhang Qian's embassy to Central Asia, the Dayuan were described as inhabitants of a region corresponding to the Ferghana, to the west of the Chinese empire.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ta-Yuan (1707 words)

	Tell el-Far'ah - Archaeology Timeline
		The attempted revolt of Josiah's son Jehoiakim in 600 BCE against the Babylonians resulted in the destruction of Judah and began the forced exile of its elite to Babylon; thus beginning the period of the Babylonian Exile.
		In 539 BCE Cyrus II entered Babylon, thus ending the period of the Babylonian exile and ushering in a new period of prosperity and reconstruction within the region of the Eastern Mediterranean under the Persians.
		This alliance was renewed again in 139 BCE and because of intermittent Roman activity in the orient, the stage was set for the entrance of Roman general Pompée between 66-62 BCE.
	farahsouth.cgu.edu /timeline/main.htm (3466 words)

	Timarchus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Timarchus was a usurper in the Seleucid empire between 163-160 BCE.
		In 162 BCE Demetrius I, the proper heir to the Seleucid throne, became king, killing Lysias as well as the young Antiochus V. This may well have been the provocation that caused Timarchus to take the final step to independence and declare himself king.
		His forces were however not enough for the legal Seleucid king: Demetrius defeated and killed Timarchus in 160 BCE, and the Seleucid empire was temporarily united again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timarchus (489 words)

	Table of Contents
		He was awarded the Judean high-priesthood by Alexander Balas [152 BCE] and later rewarded with full control of Judean territory after he defeated Demetrius II [147 BCE].
		After her death [67 BCE] he was deposed by his younger brother, Aristobulus, but with the support of Antipater he was restored to the high-priesthood after Roman forces wrested control of Jerusalem from his brother's aristocratic supporters [63 BCE].
		He was supported by the Sadducees but was driven from Jerusalem [65 BCE] by Arab armies of Nabatea [Jordan], who came to his brother's aid at the invitation of Antipater.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/temp.html (1617 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Due to a childhood injury, having have lost his manly powers, Philetaerus never got married and had no son, so decided to adopt his nephew Eumenes as his heir to the throne of his small kingdom that he was just building.
		Although Eumenes I (263-241 BCE), has never used the title of King, he is regarded as the first king in the line of Attalid dynasty who ruled the Pergamum Kingdom for five generations.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Ta-Yuan - China-related Topics TA-TD - China-Related Topics
		The Ta-Yuan were probably the descendants of the Greek colonies that were established by Alexander the Great in Ferghana in 329 BCE, and prospered within the Hellenistic realm of the Seleucids and Greco-Bactrians, until they were isolated by the migrations of the Yueh-Chih around 160 BCE.
		According to the Han DynastyHan Chronicles the Yuezhi suffered another defeat around 155 BCE, against the Wusun, and fled south from the Ili river area, by-passed the urban civilization of the Ta-Yuan in Ferghana, and re-settled north of the Oxus in modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, definitively cutting Ta-Yuan from contact with the Greco-Bactrian kingdom.
		Around 130 BCE, at the time of Zhang Qian???s embassy, the Ta-Yuan were described as inhabitants of a region corresponding to the Ferghana, to the west of the Chinese empire.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Ta-Yuan (1914 words)

	Geography and History of Ancient Israel
		In 721/722 BCE the northern kingdom (which was still called 'Israel') was defeated by the Assyrians.
		The Romans took control of Israel in 63 BCE in the middle of a dispute between two rival Jewish leaders and ruled the area through client kings and direct governors until well after the lifetime of Jesus.
		After the destruction of the northern kingdom, Judah existed without its northern neighbor until it was conquered by the Babylonians in 597 BCE and destroyed in 587.
	www.greek-language.com /bible/palmer/04geohist.html (2106 words)

	History of Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546—324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal.
		Before the royal sponsorship of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, Buddhism seems to have remained a relatively minor phenomenon, and the historicity of its formative events is poorly established.
		The Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I invaded India in 180 BCE as far as Pataliputra, establishing an Indo-Greek kingdom that was to last in various part of northern India until the end of the 1st century BCE.
	www.buddhaindex.com /browse.php?cat=273345 (3454 words)

	Victori - The Roman Military \| Tools of War \| Armor
		The armor of the Roman army around 160 BC was mainly comprised of a shield, the scutum, and body armor that varied depending on rank and position, consisting of a breastplate and one greave, on the left leg.
		The scutum was a curved oval shield made from two sheets of wood glued together and covered with canvas and leather, usually with a spindle shaped boss along the vertical length of the shield.
		Roman Army - 100 BCE to 200 CE By the first century CE the method of recruitment had changed: recruitment was now open to all citizens, regardless of wealth.
	www.numbera.com /rome/tools/armor.aspx (946 words)

	SparkNotes: The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE): Context
		By the middle of the final century BCE, however, Rome had become the center of a multi-continent empire stretching from Spain to Iraq.
		In terms of the society, social enfranchisement, and elite circulation, the imperial era from 40 BCE to 161 CE was a dynamic period.
		Thus, in almost every aspect, Roman history from 50 BCE to 161 CE illustrates those challenges characteristic of governance and societal order in all the relatively advanced states that followed it, in the early modern and modern centuries in particular.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome3/context.html (1176 words)

	Hanuka - Backgrounder
		In 198 B.C.E. Antiochus III, king of Syria, conquered Judea and reconfirmed the religious and national autonomy of the Jews.
		The resentment among the Jews grew steadily, culminating in 167 BCE with the outbreak of a revolt against Greek rule in Judea.
		The rebellion, which began in the village of Modi'in, was led by the old Hasmonean priest, Matityahu.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/festivls/hanuka/h1.html (710 words)

	The Hanukkah Story
		In the early 160's BCE, the Jewish people were undergoing an identity crisis of a sort.
		The powerful influence of the Greek, or "Hellenistic", culture was drawing many away from what others saw as the correct path of the Jewish religion and culture.
		In keeping with this vision, when Antiochos IV learned of the fighting in Jerusalem, he used the pretext of protecting the "Hellenized" Jews as an excuse to invade Jerusalem in 168 BCE.
	www.garstang.us /judaean/chanukka.htm (652 words)

	Judaea.htm
		In late 4 th millennium BCE a new population immigrated from the north.
		David became the King and decisively defeated the Philistines around 990 BCE and also conquered the three Hebrew states east of the Jordan River and enlarged Kingdom of Israel.
		Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III conquered Israel in 722 BCE which led to the partial dispersion of the 10 northern tribes and their gradual assimilation by other peoples (Legends thus refers to them as the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel).
	worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C4/Judah/Judaea.htm (769 words)

	Explore: Greece - Astronomy
		For example, Meton of Athens (432 BCE) invented a system in which the appropriate number of months was included every nineteen years.
		270 BCE) made significant modifications to the clepsydra which caused it to have an even flow regardless of the height of water in the vessel.
		He also built a large water clock, the flow of which was used to run different gadgets like bells and singing birds, making it the world’s first cuckoo clock.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0122667/greece/astro.html (717 words)

	CTCWeb Glossary: C (Cacus to custos)
		485 BCE; regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy; served as chief archon in Athens in 525 BCE; promulgated the law of ostracism in 510 BCE; after the fall of the tyrant Hippias, Kleisthenes established a democratic institution based on individual political responsibility on citizenship of a city rather than on membership of a clan.
		consulship; Clodius was murdered by Milo in 52 BCE during a fight between their rival gangs on the Appian Way.
		Caesar and Pompey; following his final consulship, Crassus goes to Syria as its proconsul in 55 BCE and is killed at the Battle of Carrhae 53 BCE.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/glossary/glossaryc.html (2798 words)

	Bce Information, Latest News, Articles
		John Bethel submits:Catherine McLean writes in the Globe and Mail about portfolio holding BCE Inc. : Bell forecast revenue growth of between 3 and 5 per cent next year, accelerating from 1 to 3 per cent in 2006.
		BCE hits the ground running into 2007 (The Globe and Mail)
		Telephone giant BCE Inc. this month capped off an eventful year by issuing an upbeat financial forecast for 2007 and fetching a higher-than-expected sale price for its Telesat satellite arm.
	www.market-day.net /news/bce.php (343 words)

	Pharisees
		It is clear that already from the 1st century BCE, the Pharisees represented a larger part of the Jewish society than the Sadducees.
		Christians have come to consider all Pharisees as hypocritical due to the stories in the Gospels, but this is seriously unfair to the majority of Pharisees.
		Around 160 BCE: After the success of the Maccabean Revolt, the Pharisees emerge as a group, probably as a continuation of the Hasideans, and in opposition to the hereditary temple aristocracy.
	i-cias.com /e.o/pharisees.htm (609 words)

	Hist2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Under Antiochus IV in 174 BCE Onias III, the High Priest, was deposed by Antiochus IV in favor of his brother Joshua, who also went by the name of Jason.
		In 168 BCE, after being forced to withdraw from Egypt by the Romans, Antiochus IV sent Apollonius to Jerusalem with troops and instructions to compel Jews to abandon their ancestral religion, obedience to the Law; those Jews who would not cooperate would be killed and their wives and children sold into slavery.
		On the assumption of a second-century BCE date for Pseudo-Ezekiel, the man known as "a son of Belial" is probably Antiochus IV.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist2.htm (8643 words)

	Origin by Yair Davidiy chapter seven
		550 BCE: The movement of Scythians from the Middle East to north of the Caucasus began in earnest with the penetration of Scythia.
		These events were followed by a climate change which, after 120 BCE, resulted in the desolation of Chorasmia (east of the Caspian Sea) which previously had been heavily populated.
		From eastern Scythia, in the decades 70-50 BCE, the Western Sienbi and the Northern Hun group of Hugie, Dingling, and Gienkun moved westward.
	www.britam.org /originseven.html (2616 words)

	_Daniel_ prophesy Discussed by David Rice
		The Temple had been defiled by having a Pagan idol (Zeus) installed circa 160 BCE, which the author appears to have taken as a sign that the "kingdon of god" (in the Jewish sense, which is, of course, quite different than the later Christian sense) was very near at hand.
		The second reason is, of course, that the pseudohistory in _Daniel_ is blatently wrong when discussing 6th century BCE, but becomes inceasingly more accurate up to circa 168 BCE.
		The third is that there is no such thing as "prophesy," and the correct history of _Daniel_ (circa 300-160 BCE) is extremely accurate, though couched in poetic words.
	www.skeptictank.org /hs/wwtgnuts.htm (495 words)

	We will follow the 4 stages of Messianism as outlined by J.
		It was Pharisees, therefore, who brought messianic expectation to the community of Essenes in the 2nd centuury BCE.
		This is also the time when the basic foundations of the T12P (Testimonies of the 12 Patriarchs)...previous thought to be of later Christian composition..was laid with its priestly and royal messiahs.
		The Nazarenes and the Essenes, however, may have had a common inheritance of tradition in the 2nd century BCE from which we see some of the common terminology in spite of what may have been a parting of the ways on eschatology.
	www.historian.net /dssxr.htm (918 words)

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