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	Judas Maccabeus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 175 BCE, Antiochus IV Epiphanes assumed the emperorship of the Seleucid Empire and began a campaign of assimilation against the Jews in Palestine.
		After accomplishing this mission in 162 BCE, Judas turned his attention back to the Acra, which remained a Seleucid bastion in the midst of the holiest of Jewish cities.
		Meanwhile, in Antioch, Lysias was vying for control of the empire with Philip, the regent appointed by Antiochus IV Epiphanes before the emperor's death in 164 BCE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judas_Maccabeus (1160 words)

	Chronology of Jubilees Background about Jubilee years and when they happened. Believersweb.org
		The year 135-134 BCE (or the year 177 of the Seleucid Era) was noted to be a 7th year in the writings of Flavius Josephus.
		The year 37-36 BCE is noted to have been both a 7th year and a 70th year in a second passage of 'Antiquities of the Jews'.
		Because a jubilee year would hypothetically have been celebrated in the year 422-421 BCE (autumn-to-autumn), it is clear that the year when Ezra arrived at Jerusalem (autumn-to-autumn of 458-457 BCE) would have corresponded with a Sabbatical year of the 50-year cycle (the 2nd Sabbatical of the cited jubilee cycle).
	www.believersweb.org /view.cfm?ID=1000 (5908 words)

	Chronology Of Jubilees
		If the current year (44-43 BCE) did correspond to the cited 2nd year of the land-use agreement then it might be possible to interpret this passage to mean that the respective year did correspond to a 7th year (as celebrated by the Jews).
		Assuming that a jubilee-year was celebrated in 121 BCE, then each 7-year-cycle of the two calendar systems (solar and lunar) would have continued to overlap together (between autumn and spring) for the distance of another 49-years.
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee-year of 571-570 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee-year of 30-31 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle (of 600-years).
	www.israelofgod.org /jubileelink.htm (7329 words)

	Parthia
		The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BC and AD The Parthians were an illiterate nomadic people, thought to have spoken an Indo-Iranian languages, who arrived at the Iranian plateau from Central Asia.
		In 141 BCE, the Parthian king Mithradates I captured the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius Nicator, and held him captive for ten years, while the Parthians overwhelmed Mesopotamia and Media.
		By 129 BCE the Parthians were in control of all the lands right to the Tigris River, and established their winter encampment at Ctesiphon on the banks of the Tigris downstream from modern Baghdad.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/parthia.html (656 words)

	ch4jubilee3.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Because a jubilee year would hypothetically have been celebrated in the year 422-421 BCE (autumn-to-autumn), it is clear that the year when Ezra arrived at Jerusalem (autumn-to-autumn of 458-457 BCE) would have corresponded with a Sabbatical year of the 50-year cycle (the 2nd Sabbatical of the jubilee cycle).
		It is of special interest that the year 457 BCE likewise corresponded with the epoch of a 70th year of the kingly cycle as is shown in our online document entitled: 'The Significance of 70 years'.
		Because the location of both of the jubilee years (or 50th years) in 177-176 BCE and 122-121 BCE are manifest from the cited historical cases, the instances of all the intervening Sabbaticals are easy to verify.
	www.evkingdom.org /ch4jubilee3.htm (6664 words)

	Classics at Victoria University of Wellington: Classics Museum
		From the Orientalising Period (700-600 BCE) there are a number of small Corinthian vases including a concave pyxis (box) with friezes of animals and an aryballos with a procession of warriors with shields.
		From the Archaic Period (600-480 BCE), we have a number of vases in the Attic fl figure style: several lekythoi (jugs or cruets), an olpe with Achilles slaying Penthesilea, a neck amphora with satyrs carrying maenads, and a kylix or cup (inscribed) with two silens running, one on either side of the vase.
		From the Classical Period (480-323 BCE) we exhibit a white ground aryballos illustrated with a winged Nike (Victory), as well as a white ground lekythos with a nude male figure wearing a petasos (a travelling hat).
	www.vuw.ac.nz /classics/about/classics_museum.html (1142 words)

	Hasmonean Regime
		In the year 151[= 162 BCE] Demetrius, son of Seleucus (IV), left Rome and with a band of men went up to a city by the sea and was made king (of Syria)...
		And when their father (Johanan) Hyrcanus died [in 104 BCE], the oldest (son), Aristobulus (I), thought to transform his regime into a kingdom, for he considered it such.
		And he compelled the inhabitants to be circumcised and to live according to the laws of the Jews, if they wished to remain in their territory.
	virtualreligion.net /iho/hasmon.html (1004 words)

	Chronology of the Jubilee-Cycle
		Because the reign of Nebuchadnezzar (Nabuchodonosar II) began in 605-604 BCE, the event of the captivity would have occurred in the year 597-596 BCE (or in the 8th year of King Nebuchadnezzar's reign).
		It is of special interest that the year 457 BCE likewise corresponded with the epoch of a 70th year of the kingly cycle as is shown in the online document entitled: 'The Significance of 70 years'.
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee year of 572-571 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee year of 29-30 CE (in the time of Jesus' ministry) may have both occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long time cycle of 600 years.
	www.creation-answers.com /chronoj.htm (6254 words)

	maccabee
		Prutah, AE, 1.6g, 9/16" dia., O: Greek letter A, Hebrew inscription (Yehohanan the High Priest and the Council of the Jews) surrounded by wreath R: Double cornucopia adorned with ribbons, pomegranate between horns, border of dots.
		John Hyrcanus, 134-104 B.C.E. AE Lepton AE Lepton.
		Jannaeus was the first Jewish ruler to use the title "King" on his coins and was the first to mint Bi-lingual Jewish coins.
	home1.gte.net /~vze3xycv/RulersCoins/maccabeePic.htm (620 words)

	Ancient Greek Skepticism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 155 B.C.E., nearly one hundred years after Arcesilaus' death in 243, Carneades is reported to have gone as an Athenian ambassador to Rome.
		Philo was head of the Academy from about 110 to 79 B.C.E. His interpretation of Academic skepticism as a mitigated form that permits tentative approval of the view that survives the most dialectical scrutiny is recorded and examined in Cicero's Academica, and in the earlier version of this dialogue, the Lucullus.
		We know practically nothing about Aenesidemus except that he lived sometime in the 1st Century B.C.E., and that he dedicated one of his written works to a Lucius Tubero, a friend of Cicero's who was also a member of the Academy.
	www.iep.utm.edu /s/skepanci.htm (11197 words)

	Chapter Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		By 173 BCE, mimes are the mainstay of the festival Floria.
		Accius, Lucius* 170-c.84 BCE Writer of tragedies and reputed to be one of the foremost playwrights.
		In 13 BCE the theatre of Balbus* and in 11 BCE the theatre of Marcellus* are built.
	members.aol.com /clasz/chap4.html (14345 words)

	The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles
		While Jews may have settled in Rome in the third century BCE, it was the Maccabees’ successful revolt against Syrian King Antiochus in the second century BCE which put the community on the map.
		The festival of Chanukah was established on 25 Kislev 165 BCE, when Judah Maccabee, his brothers and his volunteer army held a ceremony to rededicate the Temple after their victory.
		Only four years later, in 161 BCE, Judah sent a diplomatic mission to Rome in an attempt to forge an alliance against the Syrians and preserve the Jews’ precarious independence.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/print.php?id=7843 (858 words)

	ROMAN TIMELINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		44 BCE - Julius Caesar deified by the Roman Senate.
		27 BCE -14 CE - Reign of Emperor Augustus.
		161 - Antoninus dies from eating too much cheese at his palace in Lorium near Rome.
	www.themage.net /Romans/RomanTime.htm (1125 words)

	Journal of Religion and Society
		Crucial to the investigation is whether or not one finds at the tenth-century BCE level the kind of monumental structures that would have represented a centralized political entity's administrative, ideological, and religious presence.
		He views the tenth century BCE as a time of Aramaean territorial and political formation, followed in the ninth century by a period of Omride Israelite expansion (represented by Hazor Strata X-IX) that ends with the conquests of Hazael of Aram Damascus (1999a: 65).
		However, having said this it should also be kept in mind that the challenge to the conventional model Finkelstein presents is constructive in that it forces archaeologists to "dig a little deeper," to demonstrate scientifically what may have been too easily accepted as true on the basis of an uncritical reading of the Bible.
	moses.creighton.edu /JRS/2001/2001-7.html (3556 words)

	Maccabees and Hasmonean kings
		From the year 180 BCE until 161 BCE the Maccabees rebelled against the Syrian king Antiochus IV who persecuted the Jews.
		Not a single feature remained of the Temple as it stood in the year 180 BCE when the five Maccabi brothers and their father Matthatias started their protest against the intolerant measures of Antiochus IV.
		Century BCE the size of Jerusalem was more modest than the current old city.
	www.jewishmag.com /27MAG/archi/archi.htm (1993 words)

	SparkNotes: The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE): Context
		From Republic to Dictatorship: Caesar to Octavian (50--30 BCE)
		In terms of the society, social enfranchisement, and elite circulation, the imperial era from 40 BCE to 161 CE was a dynamic period.
		Thus, in almost every aspect, Roman history from 50 BCE to 161 CE illustrates those challenges characteristic of governance and societal order in all the relatively advanced states that followed it, in the early modern and modern centuries in particular.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome3/context.html (1177 words)

	FROM SHESHBAZZAR & ZERUBBABEL 539 B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 334 BCE he crossed the Hellespont into Asia, and 333 BCE, defeated Darius at the Battle of Issus, finally cornering him two years later at Gaugamela near Arbela, east of the river Tigris.
		He put Judah under siege in Jerusalem, but was forced to abandon it in 161 BCE in order to deal with the arrival of another Greek general, Phillip, in Antioch.
		In 153 BCE Demetrius I was threatened by Alexander Balas (150-145).
	www.chiswick.demon.co.uk /Mcbes.htm (3225 words)

	Daniel and Judith
		The name "Arphaxad" is nowhere attested in either secular or religious histories; Ectabana was a Parthian city, conquered in 544 BCE by Cyrus the Persian.
		After Antiochus Epiphanes' death in 164 BCE, Nicanor took over the battles with the Judeans, but was defeated in 161 BCE by Judah Maccabee, in his last great victory before his death later in the same year.
		The deliberate confusion of names and events from the Persian, Babylonian, and Assyrian eras is probably a device on the part of the author to indicate that the work is intended as fiction.
	www.annettereed.com /roshchodesh/jud-chron.htm (1503 words)

	AI Asia - Island of Sri Lanka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Taprobane is actually derived from Tambapanni one of the ancient names for the island that was recorded in the Mahavamsa, written during the 5th or 6th centuries.
		According to legend, King Vijaya was said to have been born from the union of a lion and a princess.
		There are also several major Buddist monastaries on the island, located at Anuradhapura, the island's capital for most of the period from the 3rd century bce to the 11th century ce.
	www.antiquatedideas.com /cgi-antiquatedideas/asia/topic.cgi?forum=39&topic=1 (519 words)

	BCE Place :: 161 and 181 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada :: Glass Steel and Stone
		BCE Place :: 161 and 181 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada :: Glass Steel and Stone
		A fter the CN Tower, BCE Place is the second most distinctive piece of Toronto's skyline.
		It is actually several buildings connected by a shopping mall, but from a skyline perspective it is the Canada Trust Tower and its sibling the Bay Wellington tower that steal the show.
	www.glasssteelandstone.com /BuildingDetail/83.php (480 words)

	Irish Scabbards
		Towards the end of the fourth century BCE, under strong influence from Italy, a new variant known as the Waldalgesheim style emerged in the Rhine area--and it is echoes of this particular version that we find on the Bann scabbards, best exemplified on those found in the last century at Lisnacrogher (Harbison, 161).
		The earliest centers of high-quality metalwork in the country were almost certainly in the northeast, in Co. Antrim, where good iron deposits might well have been a factor enhancing the importance of this region in the earlier Iron Age (Raftery, 165).
		The Bann scabbards are critical in a consideration of the origins and chronology of the La Tene Iron Age in the country and have at all times figured prominently in discussions on such topics.
	www.unc.edu /celtic/catalogue/scabbards (4059 words)

	FROM SERAPIS TO JESUS
		Culture clashes and conflicts were common in the area and in 586 BCE, the Babylonians interceded and destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem and forced the exile of its therapeutic and shine center leaders (including most of the elite) to Babylon.
		However, being disappointed in his expectations, by the election of Alcimus (161 BCE -159 BCE), he went to Egypt to seek help against the tyranny of the Seleucids, at the court of the Ptolemies.
		Jesus Christ was the son of Josedec (Joseph) during the Second Temple period 515 BCE, which explains the lack of historical evidence for him from 4 BCE to 33 CE.
	www.gnostics.com /serapis.html (12684 words)

	Nick at Dawn
		Nicanor was a Syrian general of the Hellenistic persuasion who battled Judah and the Maccabees at Beit Horon in 161 BCE.
		If Nick had learned what I learned in Hebrew school about those brave and mighty Maccabees, he would likely have spent the spring of 161 BCE cooling his heels in Damascus, instead of parking his tent outside Jerusalem and waving his arms like he was hailing a cab.
		If he knew anything at all about the people he was up against, he would have realized that the middle of Adar is an awfully inauspicious time for enemies of the Jews.
	www.mindspring.com /~dbholzel/1020.html (1000 words)

	- Articles - Wikipedia Articles- JOSEPHUS' FLAWED HUMANITY.- Kings Calendar
		His reference in Book Fifteen to the 18 years from the Death of Antigonus (c.37 BCE) to the Completion of Herod's Temple (c.18 BCE) was correct in Solar Years, as was also his reference in Book Sixteen to the 12 years between completion of the Temple and Deaths of Alexander and Aristobulus (c.7 BCE).
		This figure of 947 years elapsing between the exodus and the fall of samaria in 722 BCE is written off by everyone as a complete fantasy, for it would require that the exodus occurred in 1669 BCE.
		This is at variance with Josephus' 947 years from Exodus to 722 BCE, and would require that we reduce the 148 years from 722 to 586 BCE., to 115.5 years.
	www.kingscalendar.com /bible_dates_research/Research_bible_dates_viewnews_id_161.html (3188 words)

	SV: orion-list repair patch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The > patch was applied some time after the writing of the text > and was C14 dated to BP 2024 +/- 39 or sometime between > 51 BCE and 47 CE.
		> Such a conclusion would be improper on the basis of this radiocarbon date alone for this reason: the calibration of 51 BCE to 47 CE is the one-sigma range, or 68% confidence.
		The two-sigma dating for the 4Q22 patch gives a 95% confidence claim from the lab, which is (after calibration) 161 BCE to 70 CE (but not 145 BCE to 114 BCE).
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1999b/msg00052.html (457 words)

	Herod
		In 161 BCE, near the beginning of the Hasmonean Period, Judah the Maccabee had made a treaty with Rome.
		Corruption within the Hasmonean family speeded the fall of the Hasmonean Empire.
		By 67 BCE there was civil war in Judea, and the land was ripe for conquest.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Herod.html (867 words)

	167-143 BCE - War against Greece - Hanukah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Mattathias dies in the spring of 165 BCE and is replaced by Judah.
		Hoping to receive help for the war against Greece, Judah the Maccabee signs a peace treaty with Rome (161 BCE) which recognizes Judea and promises mutual defense and friendly neutrality.
		After the death of Judah in battle (160 BCE), his brothers Jonathan and Simon lead the Hasmoneans until 152 BCE when Jonathan is made high priest and governor of the Jews and becomes the independent ruler.
	www.jerusalem-archives.org /period1/1-13.html (613 words)

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