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Topic: 1628 BC

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	Overview and Assessment of the Evidence for the Date of the Eruption of Thera by P. I. Kuniholm, Aegean ...
		Marinatos's 1939 evidence for a 1500 BC eruption.
		He found that on a number of samples the years 1628-1626 BC were the narrowest rings in the entire lifetime of the tree (Baillie and Munro 1988).
		1628 BC, then, and the years immediately following, were bad years in areas as widely separated as California, Northern Ireland, the Aegean (presuming Thera was the culprit), and even, perhaps, China (see #16 below).
	www.arts.cornell.edu /dendro/thera.html (3083 words)

	3000bc
		BP (6000-4000 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present.
		At about 3500 BC the lower Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain was under extreme pressure from both rapidly rising sea and buildup of the Karun delta.
		The 3199 BC value is associated with an acidity peak in Camp Century ice cores dated at 3150 B,c demonstrating unquestionably that adverse weather conditions, probably due either to volcanic eruption or meteoric impact, occurred at this time.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnellyr/3000bc.html (5257 words)

	Minoan civilization - Phantis
		The beginning of its Bronze Age, around 2600 BC, was a period of great unrest in Crete, but it also marks the beginning of Crete as an important center of civilization.
		Around 1650 BC, 1628 BC, 1500 BC, or 1450 BC (still debated), the volcanic island Thera (largest island of the volcanic archipelago Santorini), at about 70 km distance, erupted.
		Between around 1900-1700 BC, hieroglyphics were used by the Minoans; this was succeeded by the Linear A script (1700-1450 BC), and Linear B (1450-1400 BC).
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Minoan_civilization (4344 words)

	A Chronology of India ~ to 500 BC
		The subcontinent of India, drifting northwards, merged with Eurasia and raised the Himalaya about 40 million years ago; yet it remains a veritable island, connected by a land-bridge less than 50 km wide, which is dominated by the omphalos of Kailas-Manasarovara.
		The earliest traces of humanity extend as far as 400,000 years before the present, and human settlement of the forests of this land followed a pattern of mainly agricultural villages that persists today.
		Lao-Tzu (the founder of Taoism) was born in 605 BC ~ living until 520 BC.
	in.geocities.com /sarabhanga/timeline.html (678 words)

	Minoan Civilization
		Their culture, from ca 1700 BC onwards, shows a high degree of organization, without a trace of the military aristocracies that have characterized the civilizations that followed.
		Since the Minoan eruption is one of the largest on record, archaeologists and geologists have been arguing over why there is such a big gap between the radiocarbon date of the eruption (1628 BC by bristlecone pines and 1645 BC by the Greenland ice sheets) and the date of the fall of the Minoans (c.
		While it was formerly believed that the foundation of the first palaces was synchronous and dated to the Middle Minoan at around 2000 BC (the date of the first palace at Knossos), scholars now think that palaces were built over a wider period of time in different locations, in response to local developments.
	mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/Minoans.html (2062 words)

	A timeline of ancient Greece
		1628 BC: a volcanic eruption in Thera causes destruction in Crete
		650 BC: Terrace of the lions at Dilos
		197 BC: Philip V of Greece is defeated by the Romans at Kynoskephalai
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/greeks.html (1021 words)

	Adventures with Cassiopaea
		And indeed, across much of the second millennium BC radiocarbon dating offered dates consonant with the conventional chronology, but, in the period around the start of the Aegean Late Bronze Age, or the middle of the second millennium BC, radiocarbon evidence clearly indicated an earlier chronology than the existing conventional one.
		This was followed by an absolute tree ring date of 1628 BC, give or take a year either direction, of some event that is now considered to be the cataclysmic eruption of Thera.
		The 1628 BC event that really slammed the tree rings in the northern hemisphere shows almost no registration in the Antarctic cores in terms of volcanic activity.
	www.cassiopaea.com /cassiopaea/adventures258.htm (1934 words)

	Homo sapiens to 10,000 BC
		By 10,000 BC, the descendants of this bottleneck group had repopulated most of the world, apparently exterminating the Neanderthals in the process.
		One theory, based on Y-chromosomes in modern Europe, argues that the repopulation of Europe c30,000 BC was from the east-- Central Asia, not Anatolia: [info] [BBC]
		By 10,000 BC, human cultures worldwide were very similar, with no domesticated crops, no domesticated animal except dogs, no permanent structures, no pottery, no writing, no possibility of wealth beyond what one person could conveniently carry.
	www.robotwisdom.com /science/sapiens.html (631 words)

	Poleshifts (5a)
		This is just over 100 years earlier than the date of 1333 BC that we would expect on the basis of her own/Massey's figures.
		Taking the position of the equinox in 2410 BC as the boundary between Taurus and Aries (as Blavatsky does) may well be one of the best ways of fitting an artificial zodiac of 12 equal constellations to the actual zodiac.
		In the fifth century BC Herodotus was told by the Egyptian priests that during the past 341 generations, the sun had twice risen where it now sets and twice set where it now rises.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/pole5.htm (7764 words)

	Ethics of Greek Culture to 500 BC by Sanderson Beck
		Not long after Homer in the 8th century BC Hesiod lived as a farmer; but inspired by the Muses as he was tending sheep, he became a poet and won a tripod at funeral games in Euboea.
		Plato found that the maturity of the elders moderated the pride of the kings, and the election of the ephors provided a democratic check; but he noted that the Spartans were able to excel in war but knew nothing of the arts of peace.
		In 632 BC Cylon, who had previously won the Olympic games and had married the daughter of Megara's tyrant Theagenes, used that relationship and a Delphic pronouncement to seize the Acropolis of Athens during the grand festival of Zeus.
	www.san.beck.org /EC18-Greekto500.html (18206 words)

	derKİ - en Kİ'li internet dergisi
		But, strangely again, around 1650 BC something caused a “flout” in history and the Harappan cities were destroyed, abandoned and finally invaded by a less civilized nomadic people who apparently came from northwest.
		During 1649 BC catastrophes, some priests were able to measure the orbital period of Nibiru/Marduk and they insisted that this age was about to end during the next orbital passage in 2012 AD.
		And during the 6th century BC (the accurate time for Israelites’ Babylonian captivity) the system evolved to a very “pure” simplicity: The essential numbers, i.e 3600 and 60 were symbolized only with a “wedge” (which means Number 1) when used in their “own digit”.
	www.derki.com /ingilizce/firstissue/marduk.html (11138 words)

	TIMELINE 2nd MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		SOMETHING enormous and violent, around 1628 or 1637 B.C., changed events worldwide, and may have caused a "mini-ice-age." It was probably the explosion of a volcano on the island of Santorini (or Antikithera).
		1,500-500 BC: Barbarian Aryans (speaking Sanskrit) emigrate from central Asia to invade India, overthrowing the Indus valley culture, and eventually compose the Vedas {hotlink to be done}.
		Thutmose III deposed his father (1501 BC); Thutmose II had a brief reign; and Hatshepsut ruled the longest of all as "king." Thutmose IV was the son, and successor to Amenhotep II, and reigned circa 1420-1411 BC.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline2KBC.html (3005 words)

	MOSES IN ANCIENT EGYPT
		Century BC, a Greek scholar named Euhemerus wrote that he believed the “gods”, on the whole, were the deified men and women of history.
		In 1628 BC, the upwardly surging power of the most destructive volcanic eruption in known history sent the entire city of Atlantis skyward, all trace of it lost in a great explosive body of molten ash and iron...
		When the seven years of famine commenced, around 1567 BC, only Egypt held sufficient reserves of corn and grain to both survive the future and to be able to sell their excess stocks to the starving peoples of the neighbouring lands, at a high premium, of course.
	www.thecreativeuniverse.org /MOSES.htm (15781 words)

	The Chronology of the Greek Myths Literature
		Predominantly concerned with the period from 1710 to 1628 BC.
		Euripides has taken the liberty of including Cadmus in the play even though events should really have occurred in 1380 BC after Cadmus was dead and when Pentheus was 52 and his mother 69.
		Cadmus could not have fathered Illyrus by Harmonia when she was 70 so must have set off for Illyria in 1415 BC at the latest.
	www.btinternet.com /~argyros.argyrou/Literature.htm (901 words)

	1620s BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centuries: 18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC
		1627 BC – Beginn of a several years lasting cooling of world climate recorded in tree-rings all over the world.
		1620 BC - Mursili I becomes King of the Hittite Empire (middle chronology).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1620s_BC (178 words)

	Has Niburu Planet X Been Sighted Pt II by Laura Knight-Jadczyk
		Immanuel Velikovsky demonstrated rather convincingly that there was massive evidence of both a literary and scientific nature that great catastrophic earth changes had occurred during the second millennium BC due to cometary showers and the close passage of Venus.
		The confirmed linchpin for the fall of the late Bronze Age cultures, the Middle Eastern Civilizations, and other recorded disasters that are found to be "around that time," seems to be the period from 1644 BC to 1628 BC.
		The 12400 BC event is extremely pronounced in the cores.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/sitchin2.htm (8033 words)

	Evidence for Major Impact Events in the late Third Millennium BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		BC the saltiness of the soil rose markedly, possibly because of salty
		I see however that the evidence of a great cataclysm between 2200 BC and 2190 BC is so compelling that on this basis we can't dismiss it.
		Baillie has later come to the conclusion that only 1628 BC is volcano-based, but 2345BC and 1159BC are not.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/744698/posts (7778 words)

	[No title]
		However, this new information led not to consensus, but more debate, as the ice core camp refused to acknowledge that their date was the same as the dendrochronologists' 1628 BC date and the Egyptologists refused to consider variations from their accepted historical chronologies.
		Again, in light of the date discrepancies (biblical scholars place the Exodus in the thirteenth century BC) it seems outrageous to suggest that the whole thing happened four centuries earlier and that it was really caused by a comet.
		But if one accepts that something extraordinary happened in 1628 BC, something noticed by trees all over the world, then it's not such a stretch to think it might have been recorded in the story of the Exodus.
	www.faithfreedom.org /Articles/MarkTwain40627.htm (3943 words)

	Did a Meteor End the Bronze Age?
		A date of around 2300 BC for the impact may also cast new light on the legend of Gilgamesh, dating from the same period.
		The 1628 BC event that really slammed the tree rings shows almost no registration in the antarctic cores in terms of volcanic activity.
		The evidence for the 5200 BC event is strong in the Dome C core.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/meteors.htm (2089 words)

	Girl Gathering Crocus (Saffron) Flowers, a Theran mural reproduction by Thomas Baker
		This scene is part of a larger wall mural from an excavated room in a collapsed building known as xeste 3, in the ancient buried city of Akrotiri, which is on the Mediterranean island today known as Santorini or Thera.
		Akrotiri is the Pompeii of the Aegean Islands, and was buried by volcanic ash under similar conditions, although much earlier (Late Bronze Age or 1628 BC for Thera vs 79 AD for Pompeii).
		The ancient inhabitants of the island of Thera were quite aware that they had built their city on a volcanic island, as evidenced in this painting in the fl and red volcanic stone and soil on which the girl is gathering her flowers.
	www.nmia.com /~jaybird/ThomasBakerPaintings/saffron_gatherer.html (701 words)

	Oera Linda Book Appendices
		2012 BC Magyarar and Finnar overrun Skenland, Minna is folk-mother (80 +101 ASA)
		The manuscript further states that soon after the passage of the Geertmen there was an earthquake; that the land rose so high that all the water ran out, and all the shallows and alluvial lands rose up like a wall.
		This must have happened after the time of Moses, so that at the date of the Exodus (1564 BC) the track between Suez and Bitter Lakes was still navigable, but could be forded dry-foot at low water.
	www.earth-history.com /Europe/Oera/oera-07-appendices.htm (7105 words)

	[No title]
		Which is why I said in an earlier post > that he connects 1628 "with a climatic event ostensibly connected with the > explosion of Santorini".
		1628 BC has of > course been quite popular over the last couple of decades, but the authors > of Centuries have always remained sceptical of such "remote dating".
		The alternative cause might be an as > yet unidentified volcano, whether in Iceland or Alaska or elsewhere in the > Northern Hemisphere." > > The second argument used by the high Thera daters was from the ice cores.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/1999/v1999.n343 (3140 words)

	Druids
		And what Professor Baillie was able to show by patiently counting those rings was that the year of this severe winter was none other than 1620 BC, and that it lasted in fact for several years.
		They will point out corresponding signals in the world wide record, showing that the such eruptions characteristically cause a great fog to envelope the world, lowering the temperature several degrees, leaving their marks on the ice cores of the north as well the southern glaciers of Peru.
		The 3199 BC value is associated with an acidity peak in Camp Century ice cores dated at 3150 BC, demonstrating unquestionably that adverse weather conditions, probably due either to atmospheric aerosols occurred at this time.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnelly/druids.html (965 words)

	Greece in 2003 (4: Crete)
		Their civilisation was already well developed when their palaces were destroyed in 1628 BC by the gigantic volcanic explosion of the nearby island of Thera (Santorini).
		Cretan city-states were then dominated by the warlike Dorians around 1100 BC, They stagnated during Athens' golden age and its wars with Sparta that left the door open for Philip and Alexander the Great.
		As for the Minoan cult of the bull, according to the legend, Pasiphae, the wife of king Minos, let herself become impregnated by a bull and gave birth to a monster called the Minotaur who had a human body and the head of a bull.
	berclo.net /page03/03en-greece-4.html (1205 words)

	ANISTORITON: Viewpoints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Also, as there is no way to place a one-phased collapse at the time of the eruption, whatever its date from 1700 to 1400 BC, we have to suppose a one-phased eruption followed by a two-phased collapse (not a multi-phased gentle collapse as supposed by H. Pichler & W. Schiering).
		1500 (in the traditional chronology) or in the year 1628 (in the revised chronology), at the time of the burial of Akrotiri under pumice and tephra.
		The authors said that the date of these pelasgic turbidites would be "c.1500" from the C14 analysis, but a date of 1200 BC seems not to be outside the error-margin.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/v024.htm (2104 words)

	Temporal Fugues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This debate resulted partly in proposals for lowering both the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom by three decades, and partly in a rejection by many of the validity of the claimed astronomical synchronism which had previously governed the date of the start of the New Kingdom.
		As a result of these fine tunings, the date for the start of the Egyptian New Kingdom is now set between 1570 BC and 1539 BC, with the lower date being preferred; it may yet drift down a few decades.
		However, while such debates are intensely fought by the specialists involved, the underlying sequence of events has never been revised: the 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd dynasties reigned in succession, while the 23rd, 24th and early 25th dynasties overlapped the last part of the 22nd.
	members.aol.com /IanWade/Waste/Bennett1.html (4924 words)

	Antigone
		The first is a short excerpt from Herodotus concerning an event that happened before the battle of Salamis during the Persian invasion in 480 BC.
		Kadmos founded Thebes sometime around 1400 BC, and Thebes was destroyed by Oedipus’ grandsons in 1225 BC.
		In the late 19th century AD, an amateur archaeologist named Heinrich Schliemann shocked the world by uncovering the ruins of Troy at Hisarlik at the mouth of the Dardanelles on what is now the north-western coast of Turkey.
	www.greek-myth.com /Mythology/Oedipus/antigone.htm (1855 words)

	Tree Ring and C14 Dating
		Seventeen events are found in the rings between 2035 BC and 1884 AD.
		The first freeze seems to be linked with the 1900 B.C. explosion of Mount St. Helens, only a few hundred miles north of the trees.
		There is good agreement in the timing of frost events and recent eruptions, and the damage can be plausibly linked to climatic effects of stratospheric aerosol veils on hemispheric and global scales.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/thera/dating.html (1787 words)

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