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Topic: 163 BCE

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	The History of Pleiades
		24,552 BCE - The Mage Council is established on Seido to unify the schools of magic as the terrain shifts.
		3996 - 3669 BCE - Gayal oversees the systematic destruction of all descendents of Nosferatu.
		46 BCE - Linus of Arc is born.
	seedwiki.com /wiki/wikipleiadia/History (3509 words)

	Timarchus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Timarchus was a usurper in the Seleucid empire between 163-160 BCE.
		In the turmoil following the death of Antiochus IV during a Persian campaign in 163 BCE, Timarchus became the more or less independent ruler of Media, opposing the general Lysias who acted as steward for the infant king Antiochus V Eupator, son of Antiochus IV.
		In 162 BCE Demetrius I, the proper heir to the Seleucid throne, became king, killing Lysias as well as the young Antiochus V. This may well have been the provocation that caused Timarchus to take the final step to independence and declare himself king.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timarchus (450 words)

	Biblical history chronology
		30 BCE - 10 CE: Hillel and Shammai
		587 BCE: Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple by the Babylonians and Nebuchadnezzar.
		4 BCE - 6 CE: Archelaus ethnarch of Judea and Samaria.
	www.wysiwyg-webdesign.com /rev/chron.html (1490 words)

	Re: orion-list 1QM Col. ix.3-5; War Scroll string
		I wrote: > > Finally, historical allusions indicate that 1QM 2-9 was written in > > winter 163 BCE, and the final redaction of the War Scroll in > > summer 163 BCE, before the battle with Lysias in late summer / early fall.
		The initial battle between the sons of light and the "army of Belial" => the clash of Maccabean forces with the Seleucid army under Lysias in late 164 BCE (1 Macc.
		The battle against the "troops of the Kittim of Ashur, these being in league with the violators of the covenant" => the seige of the Seleucid and Jewish renegade forces in the Acra in summer 163 BCE (1 Macc.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1999b/msg00287.html (630 words)

	TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS ::: GENS SEMPRONIA
		He and his brother were brought up by their mother Cornelia, assisted by the rhetorician Diophanes of Mytilene and the Stoic Blossius of Cumae.
		In 147 BCE he served under his brother-in-law, the younger Scipio in Africa during the last Punic war, and was the first to mount the walls in the attack on Carthage.
		In 133 BCE he was elected tribune, and championed the impoverished farmer class and the lower orders.
	www.villaivlilla.com /GensSempronia/ti-gracchus.htm (659 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy VI Philometor
		He was forced to share the rule of Egypt with his wife and his younger brother, Ptolemy VIII Physcon, and in fact, he technically abdicated the throne to his younger brother and ran off to Rome where he pretended to be a working class peasant, leaving Physcon to rule in his stead in Egypt.
		The country was still embroiled in war with Syria, despite the temporary peace of Ptolemy V and his political marriage to Cleopatra I. At the death of Cleopatra in 170 BCE, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt and Ptolemy was captured.
		In theory, his son Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater, succeeded him to the throne, however, he was put to death as soon as Ptolemy VIII (Physcon) could reach Egypt and claim it for himself.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/06pto6.html (494 words)

	Chronology Of Jubilees
		If the current year (44-43 BCE) did correspond to the cited 2nd year of the land-use agreement then it might be possible to interpret this passage to mean that the respective year did correspond to a 7th year (as celebrated by the Jews).
		From the premise that prior to the time of the Jewish revolt in 167 BCE a jubilee-cycle of 50-years was certainly celebrated, it would be of considerable significance to identify the location of a specific Sabbatical year in that earlier time period.
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee-year of 571-570 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee-year of 30-31 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle (of 600-years).
	www.israelofgod.org /jubileelink.htm (7329 words)

	Cornelia
		However, Polybius, a Greek historian of the second century BCE, states the betrothal of Cornelia to the much older Tiberius Gracchus occurred after her father's death and was arranged by close relatives.
		Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus died in 154-153 BCE, leaving Cornelia to raise her daughter and two sons on her own, with Tiberius being around the age of nine and Gaius being an infant.
		When he too died violently in 121 BCE, Cornelia gloried in the memory of her two sons and continued to be admired for her political acumen and intelligence.
	www.cornellia.fws1.com /Ancientworlds/cornelia.htm (955 words)

	History Notes
		Canaan fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE.
		The great temple was destroyed by the Chaldeans in 586 BCE, Their Babylonian Exile lasted from 586 BCE until 539 BCE, they were completely monotheistic, People were not G-d’s slaves, women were people, not property.
		From 264 BCE until 241 BCE, Rome and Carthage fought in a war, which was won by Rome.
	reviewmaterials.tripod.com /history/g09_jan_final_review.html (9043 words)

	ch4jubilee3.htm
		Because a jubilee year would hypothetically have been celebrated in the year 422-421 BCE (autumn-to-autumn), it is clear that the year when Ezra arrived at Jerusalem (autumn-to-autumn of 458-457 BCE) would have corresponded with a Sabbatical year of the 50-year cycle (the 2nd Sabbatical of the jubilee cycle).
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee year of 572-571 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee year of 29-30 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have both occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle of 600 years.
		Because the location of both of the jubilee years (or 50th years) in 177-176 BCE and 122-121 BCE are manifest from the cited historical cases, the instances of all the intervening Sabbaticals are easy to verify.
	www.everlastingkingdom.info /ch4c-jubilee.htm (6767 words)

	The Maccabees: After the Rededication
		Early in 163 BCE, he turned his attention to Jewish communities outside Judea which were being persecuted by local rulers, who took advantage of Jewish weakness.
		So in the Summer of 163 BCE, he headed south with mercenaries, infantry, calvary, and, in defiance of a pact with Rome, war elephants.
		With the evacuation of Acra in 141 BCE, and the selection by the Jews of Simon, the last living son, as the High Priest in 140, the campaign of Mattathias and his 5 sons came to a triumphant end.
	www.tifereth-israel.org /DvarTfila/maccabees2.html (3195 words)

	I, Daniel by Robert Riggs
		In 301 BCE, Seleucus joined a successful confederacy against Antigonus I, the newest King of Macedonia, and as a reward, Seleucus was granted a large part of Asia Minor and the whole of Syria.
		Futhermore, the line of commercial traffic that went along the Nile to and from Alexandria, had a rival in the line of trade that went from the Persian Gulf across Arabia to Gaza, and it was to the advantage of the King of the South to control both.
		In 242-241 BCE, Seleucus was able to deliver Damascus and Orthosia on the Phoenician coast, that were being besieged by the Egyptians.
	bci.org /prophecy-fulfilled/id2.htm (11494 words)

	I, Daniel by Robert Riggs
		In 301 BCE, Seleucus joined a successful confederacy against Antigonus I, the newest King of Macedonia, and as a reward, Seleucus was granted a large part of Asia Minor and the whole of Syria.
		Futhermore, the line of commercial traffic that went along the Nile to and from Alexandria, had a rival in the line of trade that went from the Persian Gulf across Arabia to Gaza, and it was to the advantage of the King of the South to control both.
		In 242-241 BCE, Seleucus was able to deliver Damascus and Orthosia on the Phoenician coast, that were being besieged by the Egyptians.
	www.bci.org /prophecy-fulfilled/id2.htm (11494 words)

	Egyptian History: Graeco-Roman Dynasties
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus, (reigned 284-246 BCE), married to his full sister, Asinoe II, and sharing power with her, continued the reorganisation of Egypt, basing his decisions on facts gathered during extensive censuses.
		Ptolemy XII Auletes, (c.112-51 BCE, r.80-51) was the illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX (r.
		At the sea battle of Actium the Egyptian navy was decisively defeated and Antony and Cleopatra fled to Alexandria.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/history-g-r.htm (1674 words)

	Daniel 11 as history. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The strong king of the south is almost certainly Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283-246 BCE), who extended his territories at the expense of Antiochus I who was having trouble securing the Seleucid throne (ca.280-279 BCE).
		The fortunes of Seleucus II's sons, first Seleucus III Ceraunus (226-223 BCE) then Antiochus III (223-187 BCE) are then taken up: 11:10, His sons shall wage war and assemble a multitude of great forces, which shall come on and overflow and pass through, and and again carry the war as far as his fortress.
		Ptolemy IV responded quickly the following year at Rafia (217 BCE): 11:11-13, The the king of the south, moved with anger, shall come out and fight with the king of the north; and he shall raise a great multitude, but it shall be given into his hand.
	prophetess.lstc.edu /~rklein/Documents/dan11.htm (2643 words)

	Re: orion-list War Scroll and Cargo cults
		The second, in 1998, dated the final version of 1QM to summer 163 BCE, based on historical allusions to the Maccabean conflict in columns 1-2.
		The rest of 1QM 1 describes the upcoming anticipated battle in highly colored eschatological terms, the sons of light against the forces of Belial, and predicts a victory for the Maccabean forces.
		R. Gmirkin, "Historical Allusions in the War Scroll", DSD 5 (1998) 172-214, for the second century BCE date of the tactics and weaponry.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/2000b/msg00207.html (819 words)

	Daniel’s "Time of the End"
		In 170 BCE, following a series on intrigues by various parties attempting to gain control of the High Priesthood, Onias was murdered, thus bringing to an end the line of Zadokite priests, considered by many Jews of the time to be the only legitimate priests.
		Under the leadership of Judas Maccabee and his family, a band of guerillas harried the Greeks, and were eventually able to secure the Temple and rededicate it in 163/4 BCE (an event still celebrated by Jews today during the holiday of Hanukkah).
		The earliest known manuscript of Daniel, from the Dead Sea Scrolls, is dated to 100 BCE.
	www.2think.org /hundredsheep/bible/timeoftheend.shtml (2990 words)

	Hasidism
		Their belief that there is in every Jew a divine spark which can be awakened by prayer and contemplation, has prompted among Habad hasidim a distinctive attitude towards fellow Jews marked by a mixture of puritanical pietism and evangelical zeal.
		The first hasidim appear in accounts of the Maccabaean rebellion (167-163 BCE) where they are remembered as conspicuously pious Jews, willing to die as martyrs for their faith (see Pharisees).
		In 12th-13th century Europe, a unique group of Jewish ascetics, influenced perhaps by mediaeval Christian monasticism, were known as the haside ashkenaz or "Saints of Germany".
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/hasidim.html (859 words)

	Old Testament History And Literature: The Ketuvim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the 20th century the Psalter has been considered to be a collection of poems that reflect all periods of Israel's history from before the monarchy to the post-exilic restoration, and it is thought that David played a central role in the formation of the religious poetry of the Jewish people.
		That the book was written prior to the 2nd century BCE, however, is shown by its influence on Ecclesiasticus, which was written early in that century, and its appearance among the manuscripts discovered at Khirbat Qumran, on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, where a Jewish community existed in the mid-2nd century.
		Some scholars, however, claim that a time before 300 BCE would be too short to account for the genealogy at the beginning of I Chronicles, which is carried down to the eighth generation after Zerubbabel, one of the leaders of the band that returned from Babylon.
	www.thinkbible.net /bible/oldtest96.htm (10716 words)

	Chapter Four
		By 173 BCE, mimes are the mainstay of the festival Floria.
		Accius, Lucius* 170-c.84 BCE Writer of tragedies and reputed to be one of the foremost playwrights.
		In 13 BCE the theatre of Balbus* and in 11 BCE the theatre of Marcellus* are built.
	hometown.aol.com /clasz/chap4.html (14345 words)

	Recycling the Prophecies
		It was shortly after the conquest of Babylon that Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and begin the task of reconstruction.
		Ironically, the death of Antiochus in 163 BCE was followed by a period of independence for the Jews.
		And, by 63 BCE, Israel's brief illusion of self-determination was shattered when Pompey annexed Palestine to the rapidly expanding Roman Empire.
	www.2think.org /hundredsheep/bible/recycle.shtml (2338 words)

	Wikinfo \| Pharisees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first mention of them is by the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus, in a description of the four "schools of thought" (that is, social groups or movements) into which the Jews were divided in the 1st century CE.
		During the First Temple Era (from around 950 B.C.E. to 586 B.C.E.), the priests were limited to their work in the Temple; political power officially rested in the hands of a king who ruled, ideally, by divine right.
		In 57 B.C.E. the Proconsul Cabineus established five regional synhedria, or councils, of 23 elders, to regulate the internal affairs of the Jews.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Pharisees (4129 words)

	wildolivetree's Xanga Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 174 BCE, Jason (Y'hoshua), brother of the high priest Onias III, secured appointment as high priest from Antiochus IV (175-163 BCE) with the payment of a large bribe.
		In 168 BCE, while returning from a humiliating defeat at the hands of the Egyptians, Antiochus interpreted a squabble between Menelaus and Jason as a revolt against his throne and took harsh vengeance.
		Antiochus IV in 168 or 167 BCE issued decrees prohibiting the practice of the Jewish religion: the Scriptures were to be destroyed, the Sabbath and festivals were no longer to be observed, kosher diets were to be abolished, and circumcision was no longer to be practiced (I Macc.
	www.xanga.com /wildolivetree (6372 words)

	Re: orion-list 1QM Col. ix.3-5; War Scroll string
		I wrote: > > Finally, historical allusions indicate that 1QM 2-9 was written in > > winter 163 BCE, and the final redaction of the War Scroll in > > summer 163 BCE, before the battle with Lysias in late summer / early fall.
		The initial battle between the sons of light and the "army of Belial" => the clash of Maccabean forces with the Seleucid army under Lysias in late 164 BCE (1 Macc.
		The battle against the "troops of the Kittim of Ashur, these being in league with the violators of the covenant" => the seige of the Seleucid and Jewish renegade forces in the Acra in summer 163 BCE (1 Macc.
	orion.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1999b/msg00287.html (630 words)

	Babylonian King list of the Hellenistic Period
		Before the name there is space for two signs, after the name three to five signs, since it is not known whether the edge was used as in some lower lines.
		Alexander the Great conquered Babylon in October 331 BCE and died there on 11 June 323.
		Demetrius II Nicator (145-138 and 129-136/125 BCE) is possibly mentioned on the left edge of the tablet.
	www.livius.org /k/kinglist/babylonian_hellenistic2.html (1556 words)

	Ancient Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ancient Jewish History from the 6th Century BCE to the Destruction of the Jewish Temple, 70 CE *Note: The dates noted here correspond to class notes from the lectures of Dr. Seth Schwartz's class at the
		The Torah is a contract, and from ~550 BCE, it was the civil law of the Jews.
		For Judah itself, this (300-200 BCE) was a century of peace.
	www.tparents.org /library/religion/ota/ota-other/israel-history.htm (3625 words)

	The Israel Museum, Jerusalem \| Shrine of the Book
		By the mid-second century BCE the book grows: to the admonitions is added a second, apocalyptic, stratum, dependent upon the Enochic tradition and close to the yahad in its world-view.
		The murder of the Hasidim leader Onias III in 170 BCE signaled the start of a new phase, the Era of the Dominion of Belial (or Wicked Era), when the Hasidim boycotted Jerusalem and her temple and engaged in active military opposition to the Hellenists.
		Whether or not there was a gap in the occupation of the site, between 31 BCE (the year of the earthquake) and the end of the 1st century BCE, as was suggested by de Vaux, is still under dispute.
	www.imj.org.il /eng/shrine/abstracts.html (15313 words)

	Chanukah on Virtual Jerusalem
		One hundred years after Alexander’s conquest of the Persian Empire in 333 BCE, Antiochus III added the Land of Israel to his empire.
		Later, his successor Antiochus Epiphanes IV (175-163 BCE) began a ruthless policy of using Greek culture to destroy the Jewish religion: He attempted to force the Jews to idolatry and to accept the Hellenistic way of life.
		The holiday commemorates the victory of a small band of Maccabees over the pagan Seleucid Greeks who ruled over Palestine at that time.
	www.virtualjerusalem.com /jewish_holidays/chanukah/backgrnd.htm (352 words)

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