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Topic: 1640 BC

	Ancient Egypt - MSN Encarta
		As a daughter of a pharaoh (Thutmose I) and the wife of one (Thutmose II), Hatshepsut took full control of the throne as the ruling pharaoh during her reign.
		The 22nd Dynasty (945-712 bc), centered at Bubastis in the western delta, clearly reflected an earlier Libyan presence in Egypt.
		In the 7th century bc, Psamtik I, ruling at first from Sais, reunited the land in 664 bc, ushering in the 26th Dynasty and the Late Period.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_461511156_2/Ancient_Egypt.html (3432 words)

	17th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1698 BC - Lila-Ir-Tash the ruler of the Elamite Empire died.
		1690 BC - Temti-Agun I, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died.
		1655 BC - Tan-Uli, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/17th_century_BC (377 words)

	Art & Achitecture
		Amenhotep III ruled Egypt in the mid-1300s bc, during a period of peace and prosperity.
		This seated stone figure of Egyptian king Khafre, from the 2500s bc, was carved from a solid block of diorite, the hardest stone available at the time of the Old Kingdom in Egypt.
		The temple was built by the Roman emperor Augustus and honors the goddess Isis and two deified sons of a local Nubian chieftain.
	www.multimedia-publishing.com /ancient_art_&_achitecture.htm (8321 words)

	Minoan civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Minoans were a pre-Hellenic Bronze Age civilization in Crete in the Aegean Sea, flourishing from approximately 2600 to 1450 BC when their culture was superseded by the Mycenaean culture, which drew upon the Minoans.
		The beginning of its Bronze Age, around 2600 BC, was a period of great unrest in Crete, but it also marks the beginning of Crete as an important center of civilization.
		A short time after the LMIB/LMII catastrophe, around 1420 BC, the island was conquered by the Mycenaeans, who adapted Linear B Minoan script for their Mycenaean language, a form of Greek.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minoan_culture (4819 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 17th century BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		1690 BC - Temti-Agun I, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died.
		1655 BC - Tan-Uli, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died.
		1600s BC - The creation of one of the oldest surviving astronomical documents, a copy of which was found in the Babylonian library of Ashurbanipal: a 21-year record of the appearances of Venus (which the early Babylonians called Nindaranna).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /17th_century_BC.htm (394 words)

	Cairo Features \| Fodor's Online Travel Guide
		His daughter, Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BC), developed the monumental west-bank temple at Deir al-Bahri, which was cut out of the face of the mountain.
		Pharaoh Seti I (1306-1290 BC) was able to reconquer the lands lost during the reign of Akhenaten.
		The infamous Cleopatra (51-30 BC) was from this period, but she proved no match for the aggressive Romans and was the last of the Ptolomies.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=cairo@40&cur_section=fea&feature=30002 (2772 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		1640 BC: The Egyptian throne is overtaken by the Hyksos; Palestinians begin to settle in Egypt.
		1140 BC: The first Phoenician colony is established in Africa at Utica.
		1595 BC: Babylonia is conquered by the Hittites.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006628/Notframes/1999-1000.html (83 words)

	[No title]
		Temple Complex at Luxor, 1360-330 BC Plan of the temple Complex at Luxor, 1360-330 BC The temple of Amun-Re, Karnak, Thebes, 1930 — 150 BC Plan of the temple of Amun-Re, Karnak, Thebes, 1930 — 150 BC *Colossal granite head of Amenhotep III from the temple of Mut, Karnak, c.
		1350 BC *The lioness-headed goddess Sakhmet from the temple of the goddess Mut at Karnak, Thebes, c.
		1460 BC Scenes from the Imi-duat in the burial chamber of Amenhotep II, Valley of the Kings, Thebes, c.
	www.unc.edu /~egatti/Art36/slide_lists/Egyptian/new_egypt_early.doc (343 words)

	Egyptians
		Agriculture was brought to the Nile Valley prior to 5000 BC by immigrants from the highlands of Palestine.
		Around 3100 BC, King Menes of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt (centered on the lowland river delta) and established the First Dynasty.Between 3100 BC and 1300 BC, the Egyptians struggled with Nubians and Kushites up the Nile to the south.
		Around 1300 BC the Nubians suffered an important defeat and were neutralized as a threat for about 500 years.Egypt’s Dynasty XIII, 1783 to 1640 BC, was very weak.
	www.angelfire.com /empire2/unkemptgoose/Egyptians.html (1351 words)

	An Interdisciplinary Timeline
		A large comet cloud outside the orbit of Pluto was knocked askew by a gravitational disturbance that forced a wave of comets into the center of the solar system late in the Eocene period.
		The late-Triassic crisis is notorious as one of the five biggest extinction events in the fossil record, wiping out the dominant reptiles of the time and spurring the rise of a hitherto minor group called dinosaurs, which went on to dominate Earth for 150 million years.
		The earth's equator was once a glacial winter wonderland 600-700 million years ago, possibly due to a significant increase in the earth's tilt, at the time, by as much as 50 degrees relative to its spin axis (current tilt is 23.5 degrees).
	www.alley29.com /Timeline/timeline.html (4452 words)

	Egypt - Ancient Egypt
		Perhaps representing one of the first attempts at making a calendar are the remnants of stone circles from around 8000 BC in the southwestern corner of modern Egypt.
		Excavations of ancient settlements have uncovered traces of religious practices and beliefs in Egypt from as early as 6000 BC.
		For example, in 1319 BC, at the end of the 18th Dynasty, a nonroyal general, Horemheb, became pharaoh, as the king came to be called during the 18th Dynasty.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/egypt/anceg2.htm (5739 words)

	[No title]
		Which was the son of Aminadab (ca 1710 BC), which was the son of Aram (ca 1740 BC), which was the son of Esrom (ca 1771 BC Hezron), which was the son of Phares (ca 1800 BC), which was the son of Juda (ca 1851 BC Judah), 34.
		Which was the son of Jacob (ca 1887 BC Israel), which was the son of Isaac (ca 1947 BC), which was the son of Abraham (ca 2047 BC Abram), which was the son of Thara (ca 2117 BC Terah), which was the son of Nachor (ca 2146 BC Nahor), 35.
		Which was the son of Cainan (ca 2329 BC), which was the son of Arphaxad (ca 2346), which was the son of Sem (ca 2448 BC Shem), which was the son of Noe (ca 2948 BC), which was the son of Lamech (ca 3130 BC), 37.
	www.lulu.com /items/volume_1/114000/114739/3/preview/FourGospelsPREVIEWJune142005.doc (8375 words)

	A timeline of the ancient Egyptians
		2900 BC : king Djer is buried at Abydos, the seat of the cult of Osiris, lord of the Underworld and husband of Isis, and his "mastaba" becomes considered the grave of Osiris
		2181 - 2160 BC Dynasties 7 and 8
		2160 - 2040 BC Dynasties 9 and 10
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/egyptian.html (1717 words)

	Egyptian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We do know that around 5000 BC, people began to live in villages up and down the Nile Valley, and one thousand years later these people were burying their dead with great care and ornamentation (belief in an afterlife?).
		The First Intermediate Period: 2134-2040 BC After the magnificence and creative energy of the Old Kingdom, the Nile began to a series of poor floods which caused widespread hunger and death.
		The Late Period: 712-332 BC In 728 BC, after three hundred years of political chaos, Egypt was invaded by its sister civilization to the south, Nubia.
	www.stoneandspirit.com /egypt/history.htm (4135 words)

	114 Dioses Egipt, Egitto
		The duration for the dynasty is estimated to c.
		1749 BC His throne name Sekhemre (right) have the sign for devine power "sekhem" as a staff of a commander on top under the solar symbol of god Re.
		1732-1720 BC During his reign the Hyksos made their first appearance, and took control of the town of Avaris in the Delta around 1720 BC, and started their conquest of the week and diversed Egypt.
	www.nemo.nu /ibisportal/0egyptintro/5egypt/5main.htm (8946 words)

	Malter Galleries Past Auctions
		Late Period, 712 - 332 BC, a sculpted composition faience figure without glaze of a seated dwarf with an enormous phallus, his chin resting on a drum between his chin and start of the phallus.
		Late Period, 712- 332 BC, a limestone sculpture of a seated musician playing a harp; the player‚s enormous phallus is partly broken off.
		Intermediate Period, Hyksos of the Delta, 1630- 1523 BC, white steatite carving with clypeus, elytra and prothorax of beetle neatly delineated.
	www.maltergalleries.com /archives/auction01/022501auctioncat1.html (9840 words)

	Architectural Styles of Classical Columns
		The Greeks borrowed the column from the Egyptians and synthesized it into an architectural style that was characteristically their own.
		Its shaft is more slender than the shaft of the Doric column and the capital is distinguished by a pair of volutes (which look like rams' horns) back and front beneath which the necking is generally embellished.
		The Corinthian column evolved in the second century BC and continued to be a popular element in Roman architecture.
	www.bobvila.com /HowTo_Library/Architectural_Styles_of_Classical_Columns-Columns-A1461.html (386 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: PHAEDRA 2006: Education
		In addition to increasing the severity of deterioration by biological and chemical processes, the passage of time also increases the likelihood that ancient shipwrecks will be impacted by natural disasters.
		This eruption is estimated to have been four times more powerful than the Krakatoa volcano of 1883, left a crater 18 miles in diameter, spewed volcanic ash throughout the Eastern Mediterranean, and may have resulted in global climatic impacts.
		1640 BC) and Columbo (September 27, 1650) eruptions, which were accompanied by strong tsunamis.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/06greece/background/edu/purpose.html (2182 words)

	Atlantis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Timaeus dialogue is an introduction, followed by a concise history of the universe and ancient civilizations, according to Plato's particular philosophy.
		Most of the historically proposed locations are in or near the Mediterranean Sea, either islands such as Sardinia, Crete and Santorini, Cyprus, Malta, and Ponza or as land based cities or states such as Troy, Andalucia or Tantalus (in the province of Manisa), Turkey, and the new theory of Israel-Sinai or Canaan as possible locations.
		The massive Thera eruption, dated either to the 17th or the 15th century BC, caused a massive tsunami that experts hypothesize devastated the Minoan civilization on the nearby island of Crete, further leading some to believe that this may have been the catastrophe which inspired the story.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Atlantis (2263 words)

	Fort Knox Antiquities
		Ramses II was an ancient Egyptian king, third ruler of the 19th Dynasty, the son of Seti I. During the early part of his reign Ramses fought to regain the territory in Africa and western Asia that Egypt had held during the 16th and 15th centuries BC.
		The major battle of this war was fought in 1274 at Kadesh, in northern Syria, and in 1258 BC a treaty was signed whereby the contested lands were divided and Ramses agreed to marry the daughter of the Hittite king.
		New Kingdom 1550 BC Description: Great, New Kingdom Steatite Scarab with naturalistic top with notched wing case; base inscribed with a Pharaoh wearing a blue crown and smiting an enemy with his mace, pierced for suspension.
	www.fortknoxartifacts.com /egyptian.htm (6720 words)

	Ancient Egypt
		For a time, beginning in 2040 bc, Thebes was the capital of Egypt.
		According to inscriptions and documents found by archaeologists, the Egyptians called their country Kemet, meaning “the Black Land,” a reference to the dark, fertile soil that remained after the Nile floodwaters had receded.
		The temple of Hatshepsut is a rock-cut tomb and mortuary temple built in the 15th century bc at Dayr al Baḩrī near Thebes.
	www.multimedia-publishing.com /ancient_egypt.htm (9294 words)

	TOWARDS A BIBLICALLY INERRANT CHRONOLOGY
		Then, 464 BC is year 1 of Artaxerxes I. Contemporaneous Persian business and official records confirm the accepted reign lengths of the preceding Persian kings back to Cyrus the Great yielding 538 BC for the 1st year of Cyrus.
		Table 6 is a summary of important dates in the proposed chronology from the crucifixion to the exodus.There is general acceptance of 538 BC as the 1st of Cyrus.
		With the inclusion of the prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel in the construction, the Battle of Carchemish must be 608 or 607 BC and the beginning of the divided kingdom before 980 BC which puts the construction of Solomon's temple prior to 1015 BC.
	www.ldolphin.org /icc-am.html (7275 words)

	Legion XXIV - Time Line of Etruscan Rome
		c.3000 BC Ur and Uruk, the first recognized city-states on Earth, are established in the Sumer region of Southern Mesopotamia (Iraq) in the south end of the Fertile Crescent, where records for the first Kings, the wheel and the plow are found.
		c.1900 BC Postulated time for the biblical destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the wicked "cities of the plain" in the Dead Sea region, also of Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar, of which Zoar was spared.
		718 BC The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited, tended by the Vestal Virgins.
	www.legionxxiv.org /etruscantimeline (2594 words)

	[No title]
		So, the author suggests that, the ancestors of the Mayans were aware of the Great Flood around 3150 BC and selected the year 3113 BC both as “Beginning of the Fifth Sun” and also named it as “The Birth Of Venus”.
		During 1649 BC catastrophes, some priests were able to measure the orbital period of Marduk and they insisted that this age was about to end during the next orbital passage in 2012 AD.
		Around 3150 BC, Venus settled down in its present orbit, much nearer to the Earth than its former position, and caused really big troubles on our planet, which was recorded as "The Deluge" by our ancestors throughout the world.
	burakeldem.com /en/downloads/2012synopsis.doc (3172 words)

	AERA – How old are the pyramids?, Radiocarbon dating
		Archaeologists believe Egypt’s large pyramids are the work of the Old Kingdom society that rose to prominence in the Nile Valley after 3000 B.C. Historical analysis tells us that the Egyptians built the Giza Pyramids in a span of 85 years between 2589 and 2504 BC.
		Eight calibrated dates on straw from the pyramid of Senwosret II (1897-1878 BC) ranged from 103 years older to 78 years younger than the historical dates for his reign.
		In the 12th Dynasty, Amenemhet I (1991-1962 BC) left clear evidence of this kind of recycling.
	www.aeraweb.org /how_old.asp (1265 words)

	Greece-Santorini
		Thíra Island, Aegean Sea - In about 1640 BC a gigantic eruption occurred on the eastern Mediterranean island of Thíra (Thera), also known as Santoríni.
		The eruption was so destructive that it was probably a factor in the decline of the Minoan culture.
		The white layer at the top is the Minoan tephra from the 1,650 B.C. eruption.
	www.jimdiamondmd.com /Greece-Santorini.htm (323 words)

	Old and Middle Kingdom Egyptians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The rise of the Heracleopolitan Kings (9th and 10th Dynasties) saw a divided Egypt with the north in ascendancy as the Old Kingdom period came to a close.
		Wesat, Luxor) reunited Egypt circa 2040 BC, beginning what is referred to as the Middle Kingdom Period, which lasted until 1640 BC.
		1962-1842 BC), the Egyptians campaigned in Libya and consolidated their hold over Lower Nubia by building a line of at least sixteen forts and fortified towns along a 35 kilometer stretch of the Nile River known as the Second Cataract.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba2.html (377 words)

	my-malta-dotcom _ Elsewhere in the World...
		This period, which lasted till 1640 BC, saw the division of the 2 kingdoms and their reunion.
		from 1289 BC Pharaoh Ramesses II, the warrior king, builder of the Abu Simbel ruled till he was 90 (1224 BC).
		Between 750 - 260 BC circa 753 BC Rome is said to have been founded during this time according to legend, when Romulus killed his twin brother Remus.
	www.my-malta.com /history/elsewhere.html (457 words)

	Jewish History: Timeline of Moses Exodus and events of the Hebrew's Sojourn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Lineage of forefathers from 1715 - 921 bc
		This study is a exercise in reading between the lines of the Bible to flesh out the reality of the time and place of the Exodus Story.
		Because the the time and place of the story was the Egyptian Delta in the 13th century BC only iconography from the Egyptian culture that existed on or before the chronological date of the Exodus story has been used to illustrate the Ark.
	www.artsales.com /ARTistory/ark_covenant/timeline.html (1003 words)

	FMO Research Guide: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		3000 BC) was able to unite the kingdoms and wore the double crown of north and south.
		The Old Kingdom (2757 2134 BC) had a strong central government based in Memphis, which was also the religious centre and was characterised by the age of the pyramids, of which the Giza pyramids and the step pyramid of Sakkara are the most famous.
		In 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and made it part of the Greek Empire.
	www.forcedmigration.org /guides/fmo029/fmo029-2.htm (902 words)

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