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Topic: 1640s in Canada

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	Canada - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In Lower Canada, immigration caused the English-speaking population to grow in Québec City, the Ottawa River valley, Montréal, and the Eastern Townships (east of Montréal).
		Canada rushed troops westward on the new railroad, and the Métis were overwhelmed at the battle of Batoche, May 12, 1885.
		In Atlantic Canada, attempts at industrialization had failed to stop the economy’s slide that began with the decline of shipping and shipbuilding, and the region was now relatively worse off than the rest of the country.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761563379___180/Canada.html (18337 words)

	Ontario - Search View - MSN Encarta
		By the 1640s French traders and Jesuit missionaries were well established in the Huron villages to the south of Georgian Bay, an arm of Lake Huron.
		He was determined to make Upper Canada a model colony, one which would cause what he called a “renewal of empire” by making Americans see the mistakes of their revolt and return to the fold.
		Toronto became the capital of Ontario, and Ottawa was established as the capital of the Dominion of Canada.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761577989__1/Ontario_%28province_Canada%29.html (13468 words)

	Ontario - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Ontario is the second largest of Canada’s ten provinces in area and the largest in terms of population.
		The area was named Upper Canada because its boundaries lay along the upper reaches of the Ottawa River; the name Lower Canada was given to the part of the British province of Québec that until being conquered by the British in 1763 had been the heart of New France, the French colony in North America.
		Upper Canada and Lower Canada were joined from 1841 to 1867 into a single administrative unit within the British Empire called the United Province of Canada.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761577989___0/Ontario_(province_Canada).html (13409 words)

	Canada - MSN Encarta
		When the French government saw the potential value of the fur trade, the fishing industry, and other resources of northern North America, it began to take more interest in the region, which came to be known as New France.
		New France would eventually comprise Canada (the area drained by the St. Lawrence), Acadia (now the Maritime provinces), the island of Newfoundland (shared unwillingly with the English), and later Louisiana (the valley of the Mississippi River).
		In the 1640s New France was unable to aid its ally, the Huron confederacy, in a war with the Iroquois.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563379_20/Canada.html (1298 words)

	Catholicism in Canada
		However Catholicism is very unevenly distributed in Canada, as almost half the Catholic population is French-Canadian and therefore mainly reside in the Province of Québec.
		Roman Catholicism was introduced by the French in Canada as their role in the Colonies was dual, that of setting up a fur trade and was missionary.
		With a wave of colonial settlements from France in the 1640s and the arrival of the Filles Du Roy, a growing catholic population began to crowd Canada and localities began to spring up around the St Lawrence river, and in those localities, at the centre of it all, was the Catholic church.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/life_in_canada/94021/1 (433 words)

	Canadian History -- Page One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the 1640s New France was forced to aid its ally, the Huron confederacy, in a war with the Iroquois.
		In North America the English colonies along the Atlantic Ocean (the Thirteen Colonies) were hemmed in by the French colonies in Acadia and Canada on the north and by French expansion in the Mississippi Valley on the west.
		Durham was alarmed by ethnic conflict in Lower Canada, where he said he found "two nations warring in the bosom of a single state." He recommended reuniting Upper and Lower Canada in order to help the English-speaking majority assimilate the French Canadians.
	members.tripod.com /~pbarsa_96/canhist1.html (9676 words)

	Médard des Groseilliers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618 – 1696) was a French explorer and fur trader in Canada.
		Des Groseilliers, a coureur des bois ("runner of the woods"), worked with the Jesuit missionaries among the Hurons near Lake Huron in the 1640s.
		From 1654 to 1656 he explored what is now northern Ontario, and was one of the first to reach Lake Superior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers (265 words)

	Iroquois
		This was at New York City in 1796 on behalf of the Seven Nations of Canada relinquishing their claims to land in New York with the exception of 36 square miles on the New York-Quebec border which was preserved as the St. Regis Reservation.
		There is still division as to whether the council fire belongs with the Six Nations in Canada or the Onondaga in New York (New York finally returned the wampum belts of the Confederacy to the Onondaga in 1989).
		Canada imposed an election system on the Six Nations in 1924, but many Iroquois tribes have retained their traditional system of hereditary leadership.
	www.tolatsga.org /iro.html (22114 words)

	E. Statement of Historical Contexts
		First, there were probably at least as many attempts at escape from slavery in the North America of the late 1600s and the 1700s, both individual and in groups, as in the 1800s when various forces, from the national Constitution to the local slave patrols, were all aligned to prevent escapes.
		By the 1640s, court decisions began to reflect a different standard for Africans than for white servants and to accept the concept of lifetime fl servitude.
		Canada and Mexico were more likely to be the desired cross-border destinations for fugitives and Canada, especially, received many.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/underground/themee.htm (17164 words)

	Ojibwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ojibwe is used in Canada, although Ojibwe west of Lake Winnipeg are sometime referred to as the Saulteaux.
		During the 1640s, the advantage of steel and firearms over traditional weapons began to dislodge the resident tribes in lower Michigan.
		It took the Fox Wars for the French in Canada to convince their government in Paris that the suspension of the fur trade in the Great Lakes had been a terrible mistake, and they moved rapidly to correct things.
	www.tolatsga.org /ojib.html (16124 words)

	Michigan - History
		In the 1640s, the Huron were nearly wiped out by other Iroquois tribes from New York, and the survivors fled westward with their neighbors to the north, the Ottawa Indians.
		In her 2003 State of the State Address, Granholm pledged to balance the state's budget (the state had a $1.8 billion deficit for fiscal year 2003/04), planned to create a corridor to attract technology companies to Michigan (particularly in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors), to support education, and to purchase prescription drugs in bulk.
		Michigan was one of the states affected by the 14 August 2003 massive power flout in Canada, the Northeast and midwestern states.
	www.city-data.com /states/Michigan-History.html (2766 words)

	1999/2000 ACADEMIC YEAR – FALL SESSION 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Maritime colonies and Upper Canada to 1815.
		Discuss the accomplishments and shortcomings of the governments of the Canadas from 1841 to 1867.
		Discuss the reasons for the frenzy of railway development in the Canadas in the mid nineteenth century.
	hist.ucalgary.ca /courses/F2000/339L02.htm (1030 words)

	Mirabilis.ca: Canada Archives
		Canada's national anthem was first heard one fine June evening in 1880, on the campus of Laval University in Quebec City.
		Canada Info notes that "In 1637, Father Jean de Brébeuf drew up a list of instructions for Jesuit missionaries destined to work among the Huron." The list is very lovely, I think.
		More precisely, it saw Canada's harsh winter as an ideal way to push astronauts to the end of their psychological rope, simulating the stress of living isolated and gravity-starved on the international space station.
	www.mirabilis.ca /archives/cat_canada.html (9321 words)

	Unique Facts about Canada: New France
		The vast territories that were to be known as Acadia and Canada were in some areas inhabited by nomadic Amerindian peoples or settlements of Hurons and Iroquois.
		In 1604 a settlement was founded at Île-Saint-Croix on Baie François (Bay of Fundy) which was moved to Port-Royal in 1605, only to be abandoned in 1607, reestablished in 1610 and destroyed in 1613 whereby settlers moved to other nearby locations.
		Talon also tried to reform the seigneurial system, forcing the seigneurs to actually reside on their land, and limiting the size of the seigneuries, in an attempt to make more land available to new settlers.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /canadaweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Canada3.htm (1943 words)

	Category:Years in Canada - Definition, explanation
		International examines the history of the death penalty in Canada from 1892 through its abolition in 1976 and the record since then.
		This exhibition examines in detail the workings of one of Canada's most innovative and productive small presses, The Coach House Press, in the course of its first ten years of operation from 1965 to 1975.
		Canada's laws for these defences have remained virtually unchanged for over a hundred years.
	lexikon.calsky.com /en/txt/cat/years_in_canada.php (458 words)

	Micmac
		Canada currently lists more than 16,000 registered Micmac, but their actual number in both Canada and the United States is much higher, perhaps as many as 25,000.
		Canada has 28 separate groups of Micmac, but only one Micmac tribe is recognized in the United States, the 500 member Aroostook Band of Micmac in northern Maine which received state recognition in 1973 with federal status following in 1991.
		During the 1640s, rival fur traders Charles La Tour and Charles D'Ulnay fought for control of Acadia in what amounted to a French civil war.
	www.dickshovel.com /mic.html (7081 words)

	Potawatomi History - Indian Country Wisconsin
		This situation changed dramatically in the 1640s and 1650s when the League of the Iroquois in upstate New York began to raid Indian tribes throughout the Great Lakes region to monopolize the regional fur trade.
		Despite their loyalty, the Potawatomi were unable to stem the tide of war, which the British finally won in 1763.
		With this victory, all French possessions in Canada and the Midwest reverted to British control.
	www.mpm.edu /wirp/ICW-152.html (1568 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Although the Roman Catholic church holds certain doctrines that distinguish it from other Christian churches, it is most characteristic in the breadth and comprehensiveness of its doctrinal tradition.
		Until the break with the Eastern church in 1054 and the break with the Protestant churches in the 16th century, it is impossible to separate the history of the Roman Catholic church from the history of Christianity in general.
		As a result of 19th- and 20th-century immigration, the Roman Catholic church in Canada grew rapidly and was removed from mission status in 1908.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/religion/romancatholicchurch.html (3891 words)

	CBC News: 17th-century coin found in Newfoundland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		According to the Bank of Canada Currency Museum, the next oldest piece of currency struck in Canada for use in the country that has been discovered dates back to the early 19th century.
		Canada lacks strength in science and technology and risks losing ground to other countries, according to a survey of 1,500 Canadian scientists.
		Second only to beer, wine was the toast of Canada last year with strong increases in sales, a Statistics Canada report suggested Wednesday.
	www.cbc.ca /story/canada/national/2004/08/03/oldcoin040803.html (949 words)

	Stamp Quest \| Stamps : Christmas: Crèches
		Nativity scenes became popular in Europe in the Middle Ages, and the idea came to Canada with French settlers.
		Ursuline nuns in Quebec made figures out of wax for their churches as early as the 1640s, and eventually families began putting similar clay or wood figures in their homes.
		This Christmas season, Canada Post issued a set of three stamps, one at the domestic rate (50¢), one at the U.S. rate (85¢) and one at the international rate ($1.45), showing Canadian crèches from the collection at St. Joseph’s Oratory in Montréal.
	www.canadapost.ca /personal/collecting/stampquest/eng/creches-e.asp (198 words)

	Vive le Canada - The Religion of George W. Bush
		The end of Canada as we know it (and the U.S., and Mexico) is coming sooner than you think.
		Canada Strongly Supports UN Secretary-General Statement to Security Council on Situation in Darfur
		Their numbers and influence grew steadily and culminated in the English Civil war of the 1640s and the corrupt government of Oliver Cromwell (a Puritan) in the 1650s, which was largely a military dictatorship.
	www.vivelecanada.ca /article.php/20031204115415792 (3433 words)

	Ag-West Bio Inc. - Publications - Other Publications - InfoSource
		Wheat, an annual grass which originated in the Middle East, was first brought to Canada from Europe almost four hundred years ago by the Champlain colonists.
		In the 1640s, Canada achieved self-sufficiency in wheat production and by 1654 the grain was being exported.
		Today, Canada produces 30 million tonnes of wheat annually, 70 per cent of which is exported, generating billions of dollars of income.
	www.agwest.sk.ca /publications/infosource/inf_sep96.php (1335 words)

	Ch
		For: hopes for Maritime union and industrial development, Intercolonial Railway, British loan guarantee for railway, defence against American invasion in NB, BNA customs union as a solution to the end of Reciprocity, pressures from Colonial Office and Governors, British threat to remove garrisons.
		Against: Protestant extremism and political deadlock in the Canadas, conscription of militia to defend the Canadas, fears of high taxes and tariffs, loss of free trade, loss of Catholic separate schools, railway debt; pride in worldwide free trade and shipping, local patriotism and self-government.
		Social structure – similar to that in Upper Canada, but with a tiny middle class.
	web.uvic.ca /~dmillar/Hist_131_Canada_before_1867/Glossary_ch_16-20.htm (3149 words)

	Quakers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the 1640s, he said he heard a voice that opened the way for him to develop a personal relationship with Christ, described as the Inner Light, a term based on the Gospel description of Christ as the "true light."
		Brought to court for opposing the established church, Fox tangled with a judge who derided him as a "quaker" in reference to his agitation over religious matters.
		Overall, Friends count about 120,000 members in the United States and Canada and a total of 200,000 worldwide.
	www.stthomas.edu /jour/apstyle/Quakers.html (300 words)

	ArchitectureWeek Next Week
		The history of architecture in Sweden is one of "functionalistic eclecticism," with traditions borrowed from other cultures, molded by national politics, and blended into a uniquely Swedish form.
		Shown here is the House of Nobles, in Stockholm, dating from the 1640s.
		Next week, Olof Kallstenius will take us on a brief tour of Swedish architecture and explain some of its influences from the 17th century to the 20th.
	www.architectureweek.com /2003/0430/next_week.html (218 words)

	VISITATION-PENTECOST SPIRITUALITY IN THE CONGREGATION OF NOTRE DAME (cont.)
		In the late 1640s, Father Antoine Gendret, Marguerite's spiritual director, shared with her his dream for a new community.
		He underlined that only two of the three states of life for women left by Jesus after his resurrection were being fulfilled; namely, that of Martha and Magdalene.
		In 1653, when Marguerite left for Canada, Gendret suggested to her that what God had not willed in Troyes, perhaps [God] would bring to pass in Montreal.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/bourgeoys3.html (640 words)

	1916
		Miss Canada is wooed by many countries, but she decides to marry Jack Canuck.
		Chapter II is concerned with the Jesuit missionaries in Canada in the 1640s; chapter I concerns the work of the lay missionary William Duncan on the west coast of British Columbia from 1851 to the late 1870s.
		Mary Saxe, librarian and author, was born in Vermont and came to Canada with her parents when a child.
	www.library.ubc.ca /edlib/egoffbib/1916.html (3873 words)

	Carel Fabritus biography - Oil painting Art reproductions - Art Sender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He was Rembrandt's most gifted pupil and a painter of outstanding originality and distinction, but he died tragically young in the explosion of the Delft gunpowder magazine, leaving only a tiny body of work (much may have perished in the disaster).
		In his youth he worked as a carpenter (the name Fabritius was once thought to have derived from this profession, but it is now known that his father had used it) and he was probably in Rembrandt's studio in the early 1640s.
		Although only about a dozen paintings by him are known, they show great variety.
	www.artsender.com /artists/Fabritus_Carel.htm (246 words)

	14lineage, Chafe Lineage in Canada from 1705 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The fishing ships had become traders as well, and their backers were increasingly tolerant of permanent settlement.
		American trading vessels appeared at Newfoundland as early as the 1640s, and were regular visitors to the fishery by the 1670s.
		The Chafe Family Trans Canada Trail Marker, is located on Panel 15 at the Trail Pavilion at the corner of de la Commune Street and Prince Street, Montreal, Quebec.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Cabin/1066/14lineage.html (14695 words)

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