1649 in Ireland - Factbites

1649 in Ireland - Factbites
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Topic: 1649 in Ireland

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	Confederate Ireland -
		Image:Kilkenny castle.jpg Confederate Ireland refers to a brief period of Irish self-government between the Rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649.
		Image:Oliver Cromwell.jpg Oliver Cromwell invaded Ireland in 1649 to crush the new alliance of Irish Confederates and royalists.
		The Confederates failed to defeat the British armies in Ireland in 1642–1649 in a conflict known as the Irish Confederate Wars and joined a royalist alliance in 1648 against the Rump Parliament.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Confederate_Ireland (2328 words)

	History of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Catholic majority briefly ruled the country as Confederate Ireland (1642-1649) against the background of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms until Oliver Cromwell re-conquered Ireland in 1649-1653 on behalf of the English Commonwealth.
		Forty years later, Ireland became the main battleground in the Glorious Revolution of 1689, when the Catholic James II was deposed by the English Parliament and replaced by William of Orange.
		The first Norman knight landed in Ireland in 1167, followed by the the main forces of Normans, Welsh and Flemings in Wexford in 1169 Within a short time Leinster was regained, Waterford and Dublin were under Diarmait's control, and he had Strongbow as a son-in-law, and named him as heir to his kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Ireland (6048 words)

	The Curse of Cromwell: His Oppression of the Irish
		Cromwell, who arrived in Ireland on 15 August 1649, destroyed much of Ireland during his reign and treated the people with cruelty and abhorrence.
		The first major battle while Cromwell was in Ireland was the battle at Drogheda in 1649.
		Cromwellian Ireland was one of the worst periods in Irish history that set the stage for future destructive acts against the land.
	www.cranfordschools.org /chs/clubs/scholars/2003/17c/brown.html (522 words)

	Re: CNN: New Orleans Hospital Burning - Resue Aircraft Taking & Returning Fire
		Between > >> the years 1649 and 1653, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland by > >> the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell, thousands of > >> Irish Catholics were forced into slavery.
		Between > >the years 1649 and 1653, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland by > >the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell, thousands of > >Irish Catholics were forced into slavery.
		Cromwell had a deeply > >religious antipathy to the Catholic religion and Irish Catholics who > >had participated in Confederate Ireland had all their land confiscated > >and were transported to the West Indies as slaves.
	www.talkaboutradio.com /group/rec.radio.cb/messages/392111.html (2355 words)

	7.8.2.html
		1920-21 War between Britain and Ireland; Irish Free State and Northern Ireland created.
		After the leaders are executed public opinion backs independence.
		8.2 - Chronological list of dates of Irish History
	www.ibiblio.org /gaelic/Eire/7.8.2.html (285 words)

	1649
		And in 1649, when the influence of the radicals was at its apogee, King Charles...
		Cavaliers v Roundheads continued Since 1649 history has swapped sides over the heroes and villains of the Civil War, say...
		wrote that the question of why Charles I was executed in 1649 `has become easily the most difficult of the range of questions...
	enciclopedia.cc /1649 (285 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stuarts > Interregnum
		Cromwell's convincing military successes at Drogheda in Ireland (1649), Dunbar in Scotland (1650) and Worcester in England (1651) forced Charles I's son, Charles, into foreign exile despite being accepted as King in Scotland.
		From 1649 to 1660, England was therefore a republic during a period known as the Interregnum ('between reigns').
		A series of political experiments followed, as the country's rulers tried to redefine and establish a workable constitution without a monarchy.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page101.asp (285 words)

	Drogheda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the second occasion it was taken by Oliver Cromwell in September 1649, as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
		Drogheda (Droichead Átha in Irish, meaning "Bridge of the Ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, 56 km north of Dublin.
		The word Drogheda seems to be hard to pronounce for those not from Ireland, the 'g' is silent, so it is pronounced Dro [With 'o' as in lock] -head -a [with 'a' as la]).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drogheda (285 words)

	Cork City - 1 2 Travel - Ireland Travel Information Guide
		Cork was taken by Henry II in 1172 and by Oliver Cromwell in 1649.
		Ireland's second largest city, Cork is a county borough in Ireland and the capital of County Cork.
		Cork is the seat of University College (founded 1845; since 1908 part of the National University of Ireland).
	www.12travel.com /ie/Cork_Kerry/CorkCity.html (759 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cork, city, Ireland (British And Irish Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Oliver Cromwell occupied Cork in 1649, and the duke of Marlborough in 1690.
		Educational institutions include University College (constituent college of the National Univ. of Ireland) and a school of art.
		Dermot MacCarthy ousted the Danes and in 1172 swore allegiance to Henry II of England.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cork-cit.html (335 words)

	Four Courts Press
		In Éirinn, áfach, agus mar is gnách, bhí rúdaí i bhfad níos casta, agus chun léargas níos fearr a fháil ar cén scrios díreach a rinne Cromail, bÂ’fhiú leabhar Mhícheáil Uí Siochrú Confederate Ireland 1642-1649: a constitutional and political analysis a léamh.
		The highlights of the narrative are the founding of the confederation, the rejection of the first Ormond peace and the concluding of the second one.
		What was conspicuous was the Confederates' unity of purpose as Irish Catholics attempting to hold on to and restore their political, religious and property rights.
	www.four-courts-press.ie /review_confed.htm (335 words)

	Kilkenny - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Kilkenny was the capital of Confederate Ireland between 1642 and 1649, until it surrendered during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
		Kilkenny( Irish: Cill Chainnigh) is the county seat of County Kilkenny, Ireland, with a population (including environs) of 20,735.
		The city is famous for its many mediÃ¦val buildings and is referred to as the "Marble City" for hundreds of years, but the black stone with decorative white fossils that forms the backbone of many of Kilkenny's fine buildings is actually polished limestone which has been quarried from around the city for centuries.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Kilkenny (335 words)

	H-Net Review: Martyn Bennett on Catholic Confederates at War 1641-1649
		The development of confederate strategy 1643-47 is explored in chapter two and chapter three examines the financing of the armies from 1643 until 1649.
		The book begins with an introduction setting the context for the creation of the confederation at Kilkenny, taking the reader on a brief but effective journey from the succession of James VI to the crown of Ireland (as well as England/Wales) in 1603 up to the rebellion of 1641.
		It is the result of years of work, to create not only a convincing military narrative of the wars in Ireland but also a manifold analysis of its form and structure.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=122031005759955 (335 words)

	The Vine Tree
		We do know that there were Hingstons in Ireland - at least one Hingston was given land in the Cromwellian settlements in 1649 which could be the source of the Irish Hingstons.
		Eldest child of Samuel 701 and Winnifred 2100; born in Cloyne, Ireland, 1799.
		Eldest son of Samuel 701 and Winnifred 2100; born Cloyne, Ireland, 1801.
	www-civ.eng.cam.ac.uk /cjb/hingston/vine.htm (335 words)

	Encyclopedia: United Ireland
		The Confederates did rule much of Ireland up to 1649, but were riven by dissent and civil war in later years.
		Ireland was last undivided at the outbreak of World War I after national self-government in the form of the Third Home Rule Act 1914, won by John Redmond leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party was placed on the statute books, but suspended until the end of the war.
		However under the rule of strong leaders Ireland operated much like a federal nation, where the High King ruled the country and the Irish kings of the four provinces of Ireland were in charge of their local affairs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/United-Ireland (335 words)

	Stay in Drogheda at the Scarlet Lodge
		The lodge is a Scandinavian style wooden chalet and is situated in the very heart of the old medieval town of Drogheda in Ireland’s smallest county, Louth.
		called ‘Scarlet’ after the blood of the victims of the famous English commander, Oliver Cromwell flowed down the hill during the Sack of Drogheda in 1649.
		Scarlet Lodge is an ideal base from which to explore the mysteries of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth and for visiting the Heritage Towns of Carlingford, and Kells and the historic centres of Drogheda, Dundalk and The Boyne Valley.
	www.stayindrogheda.com (335 words)

	Waterford, town, Republic of Ireland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		Waterford was besieged by Oliver Cromwell in 1649 and taken by Henry Ireton in 1650.
		Other industries are fishing, food processing, and the manufacture of footwear and fertilizers.
		Established very early as a walled Danish settlement, Waterford was taken in 1170 by Richard, earl of Pembroke, who used Reginald’s Tower (built 1003; still standing) as a fort.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wa/WatrfrdIre.html (335 words)

	STEELE - LoveToKnow Article on STEELE
		Steele wasM.P. for the City of London~ in 1654, was chief baron of the exchequer in 1655, and was made lord chancellor of Ireland in 1656.
		In 1648 he was chosen recorder of London, and he was one of the four counsel appointed to conduct the case against Charles I. in January 1649, but illness prevented him from discharging this duty.
		After the fall of Richard Cromwell he was one of the five commissioners appointed in 1659 to govern Ireland.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STEELE.htm (281 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Galway City, County Galway, Ireland
		Ireland in general was having a particularly bad time around then, its population having been reduced in various atrocities from 1.5 million before the arrival of Cromwell in 1649 to a mere 500,000 by the time of his death in 1658.
		Galway became an urban municipality again in 1937 and the city's fortunes took a turn for the better in the 1960s with the expansion of tourism and industry in the country.
		Galway is also remote from many of the more advanced trappings of civilisation, meaning that a trip to Dublin is required to enjoy anything from a gig by the biggest bands to shopping for designer clothing.
	www.bbc.co.uk /h2g2/guide/A320275 (281 words)

	Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By the end of the period known as Confederate Ireland in 1649, the only remaining Parliamentarian outpost in Ireland was in Dublin, under the command of Colonel Michael Jones.
		The Parliamentarian re-conquest of Ireland was extremely brutal, and it is alleged that many of Cromwell's actions during the re-conquest would today be called war crimes.
		Cromwell defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country - bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland (3611 words)

	Castle Country House Accommodation, Millstreet, County Waterford, Ireland
		A Confederation of all the great lords was called in Kilkenny and for the next ten years war raged throughout the country cumulating in the arrival of Cromwell in 1649 and the complete routing of the Irish forces.
		In 1641, just thirteen years after the completion of Sleady Castle, war erupted as largely religious differences united the native Irish and Old English Lords all-over Ireland against the London Government.
		During the Civil wars of the 1640s, Garreth FitzGearld, along with most protestants, refused to give his support to the catholic Irish rebels, providing instead refuge to the many English settlers who had their lands confiscated during the outbreak of hostilities.
	www.castlecountryhouse.com /confederatewars.html (3611 words)

	House of Commons Journal Volume 6: 30 October 1649 British History Online
		Sinnott to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, from Wexford, 4 Octobris 1649, desiring a Safe Conduct: A Safe Conduct, granted by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, to Da Sinnott, of October the Fourth, 1649, to Persons to treat about Surrender of the Town of Wexford: A Letter from Da.
		A LETTER from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, from Wexford, the Fourteenth Day of October 1649: A Letter of Summons, from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, to the Commander of Wexford, of the Third of October 1649, with the Answer of Da.
		Rabbysha, who brought the said Letters from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland: And that it be referred to the Council of State, to see the same forthwith paid to him accordingly.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=25777 (449 words)

	United Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Confederates did rule much of Ireland up to 1649, but were riven by dissent and civil war in later years over whether to ally themselves with the English Royalists in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
		Ireland was last undivided at the outbreak of World War I after national self-government in the form of the Third Home Rule Act 1914, won by John Redmond leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party was placed on the statute books, but suspended until the end of the war.
		A United Ireland is the common demand of Irish nationalists, envisaging that the island of Ireland (currently divided into the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) be reunited as a single political entity.
	www.pole.ws /nph-proxy.pl/010110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Ireland (1297 words)

	Ireland Newsletter November 2001 - Northern Ireland
		Ireland was a Celtic and pagan country until the arrival of Saint Patrick in the fifth century.
		It was not until the Plantation schemes of Elizabeth I in the 16th century and the invasion by Cromwell in 1649 that the widescale 'planting' of settlers in Ulster began in earnest.
		The vast majority of Catholics were in the South of Ireland and although the majority of people living with the 6 counties were of Protestant Unionist origin there still existed a large number of Catholics who considered themselves as Irish and nationalist in origin.
	www.ireland-information.com /nov01.htm (1297 words)

	Seek the Fair Land: Ireland 1649 - Cromwell's armies ravage the land in an orgy of death and destruction. - MACKEN Walter:
		Seek the Fair Land: Ireland 1649 - Cromwell's armies ravage the land in an orgy of death and destruction.
		Title: Seek the Fair Land: Ireland 1649 - Cromwell's armies ravage the land in an orgy of death and destruction.
		ISBN 0330020625 Covers creased with small scart on rear of cover and slight marking where a price label has been removed.
	www.mrmacbooks.co.uk /si/6629.html (1297 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: N. Ireland Special Report
		Oliver Cromwell's subsequent siege of Ireland in 1649 ended with massacres of Catholics at Drogheda and Wexford and forced the resettlement of thousands, many of whom lost their homes in the struggle.
		Catholics in Ireland suffered greatly in the subsequent period of British occupation, enduring laws that prevented them from bearing arms, holding public office and restricting their rights to an education.
		Created as a kind of demographic compromise, Northern Ireland proved to be an area that could comfortably hold a majority in favor of union with Britain.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nireland/overview.htm (1535 words)

	The White House, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland
		It is said that William III met General Schomberg at the White House as a prelude to his Williamite wars in Ireland, which included the defeat of James II at the Boyne on 1st July 1690.
		It was included in the area granted to Sir Arthur Chichester by the Queen in 1604 and was occupied by George Martin, Sovereign of Belfast, in 1649.
		The remains of an ancient quay at Whitehouse point are described in the Ordnance Survey Memoirs, 1839.William landed a portion of his army here, or nearby on an artificial island known as 'Donald's Island', in June 1690*.
	www.newtownabbey.gov.uk /tour/places/whitehouse.htm (1535 words)

	The Ultimate Wars of the Three Kingdoms - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Wars included the Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644-5; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642-9 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649; and the English Civil Wars of 1642-6, 1648-9 and 1650-51.
		In Ireland, almost all lands belonging to Irish Catholics were confiscated as punishment for the rebellion of 1641, harsh Penal Laws were also passed against this community.
		Ireland and Scotland ere occupied by the New Model Army during the Commonwealth period.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms (2646 words)

	Irish Association of Manitoba - About Ireland - Louth
		On the second occasion it was taken by Oliver Cromwell in September 1649, as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
		County Louth (An Lú in Irish) is a county on the east coast of Ireland.
		The town is now the sixth largest conurbation in Ireland in population and is strategically located on the East Coast half-way between Dublin and Belfast, the two largest cities on the island.
	www.irishassociation.ca /counties/louth.html (351 words)

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