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Topic: 1649 in science

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	ScienceWeek
		A purely chronological history of science and a purely formal philosophy of science thus have the same deficiency: each of them neglects to place the scientific ideas which are in question into their intellectual environment, so as to show what, in that particular context, gave these ideas and investigations their merit.
		Likewise for the philosopher of science: some novel theories deserve to survive at the expense of their rivals and predecessors; and the philosopher must analyse the standards by which such scientific variants are judged and found worthy or wanting.
		For progress can be made in science only if men apply their intellects critically to the problems which arise in their own times, in the light of the evidence and the ideas which are then open to consideration.
	scienceweek.com /2003/sc030829.htm (4779 words)

	SCIENCE - LoveToKnow Article on SCIENCE
		For our purpose, science may be defined as ordered knowledge of natural phenomena and of the relations between them; thus it is a short term for natural science, and as such is used here technically in conformity with a general modern convention.
		The beginnings of physical science are to be sought in the slow and unconscious, observation by primitive races of men of natural occurrences, such as the apparent movements of the heavenly bodies, and in the gradually The acquired mastery over the rude implements by the of scieirce.
		Besides the broad distinction into physical and biological science, minute subdivisions arose, and, at a certain stage of development, much attention was, given to methods of classification, and much emphasis laid on the results, which were thought to have a significance beyond that of the mere convenience of mankind.
	69.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCIENCE.htm (10190 words)

	Abstract/Science in Ancient Artwork
		The different day-count of the ancient reckoning system in Mesoamerica concern the numbers 260 and 360, which may be viewed as multiples of 13 and 12 respectively, or even as progressions of the number 2, or 3 in the case of the 360 c.
		Science in Ancient Artwork Nº72, New Orleans, 1 December 1996.
		Science in Ancient Artwork Nº77, New Orleans, 3 December 1996.
	www.earthmatrix.com /abstract/abs70-79.htm (1233 words)

	Science Fair Projects - 1649 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Science kits, science lessons, science toys, maths toys, hobby kits, science games and books - these are some of many products that can help give your kid an edge in their science fair projects, and develop a tremendous interest in the study of science.
		When shopping for a science kit or other supplies, make sure that you carefully review the features and quality of the products.
		Science Fair Projects for students of all ages
	all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/1649 (497 words)

	The New Science of Politics
		Science was destroyed by positivism in the last half of the 19th century.
		Science is the search for truth in various realms of being and different objects require different means of investigation.
		After Weber, the route to the restoration of political science was to rediscover the rationality of metaphysics and of philosophical anthropology in particular.
	home.salamander.com /~wmcclain/ev-nsp.html (6709 words)

	DARWIN: SCIENCE OR PHILOSOPHY? Chapter 10
		But biological science, chemistry, physics, and other branches of modern scientific inquiry are also joined together by a common purpose, rationale, and experimental approach.
		But it is difficult to focus on the issue of purpose as it relates to a concept as broad and diverse as the study of evolutionary biology.
		As is so frequently true in the history of science, its final acceptance required concessions from both the germ line and somatic mutation factions, who lined up on either side of the debate (Silverstein, 1985).
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/fte/darwinism/chapter10.html (3097 words)

	Easy Science Fair Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yesthe classic “egg in the bottle” and the “erupting volcano” are here, but you’ll find many, many more fun and educational projects that are easy to do with ordinary household items.
		Science doesn't have to be complicated or expensive or use specialized laboratory equipment.
		There is no need to go out and purchase expensive science project kits.
	www.1stclassproducts.net /product-info/Family/Students/1649.html (194 words)

	Summary, House Bill 1649 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Provides that the staff of the center for agricultural science and heritage (the barn) are employees of the state fair commission (commission), and that the barn ceases to be a body corporate and politic.
		Provides that the commission pay the operating expenses of the barn from the funds of the commission, and that real property may not be held in the name of the barn.
		Revises the term of an individual on the board of trustees of the center for agricultural science and heritage (the barn) to four years and limits years of service in a 12 year period.
	www.state.in.us /legislative/bills/2005/DGSTF/HB1649.DIG.html (126 words)

	American Scientist Online - Science and Foreign Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Science and technology (S&T) increasingly affect national security policy (bioterrorism, transfer of militarily sensitive technology, technological capabilities of possible adversaries), international economic policy (trade in bioengineered products, international telecommunications, microelectronics, the global internet), and international environmental policy (global climate change, biodiversity).
		In November 1998 (Science 282:1649), Anne Keatley Solomon recommended that a new bureau devoted to S&T be established within the State Department.
		At the same time (Science 282:1650), J. Thomas Ratchford suggested that the main federal R&D agencies be given a legislative mandate and resources to handle the job for the State Department.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/30748 (522 words)

	Science and Philosophy
		Science in its infancy found many powerful opponents, who, not understanding the nature of the newly-born babe, strove to strangle it.
		Therefore Science met with very severe treatment; its followers were persecuted with relentless vehemence, and “blasphemous fables” and “dangerous deceits” were the only epithets which could characterise its doctrines.
		The controversy between Religion and Science still rages, in spite of the declaration of Professor Huxley that in his opinion the conflict between the two is entirely factitious.
	www.djmcadam.com /science-philosophy.html (3789 words)

	Publish and Perish
		The result was considerable growth in science and technology, a growth that could not be sustained and which is now severely constrained by programmatic, financial and political issues (1, 2).
		A science citation impact factor is determined for a particular journal according to the number of times scientific articles (papers) in that journal are cited (quoted) elsewhere in the scientific literature (in other journals).
		In many areas of science, including the biomedical science, investigators are increasingly delaying publication of their findings in peer reviewed journals as a result of possible patent issues.
	www.his.com /~graeme/pandp.html (7969 words)

	SparkNotes: Principles of Philosophy: Context
		It was during this day of meditation that Descartes conceived of his lifelong project: to develop a unified science that would tackle all possible subjects of human knowledge with a single method, a method based on rules of reasoning much like those utilized in mathematics.
		The early seventeenth century was a time of intense struggle between science and religion, and Descartes, as one of the leading proponents of the new mechanistic science was heavily influenced by this struggle.
		Descartes was not the first scientist to develop a mechanistic, mathematical science, though he was influential in its development and perhaps was the most ambitious scientist in terms of his scope.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/principles/context.html (2284 words)

	Graduate School of Materials Science
		A collection of publications in the field of materials science, emphasizing relations between structure and properties, will be available in the beginning of the course.
		A general recommendation regarding the structure of the presentation: spend 1-2 minutes for general introduction of the field/problem its relevance for science or technology, followed by a presentation of specific solution described in the chosen article.
		A comeback of phenolics for composites (Fire-retardant phenolic resins, Trends in Polymer Science*, JR Brown and N. St John,1996, vol.
	fy.chalmers.se /~duncan/projects2004.html (2163 words)

	astro_science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Though for some reason, an open mind is as foreign to some scientists as their knowledge of astrology, which they periodically feel obliged to attack.
		Some say it was the rise of orthodox science, which is ironic considering many of those who pioneered the scientific revolution were astrologers themselves.
		However, there can be no denying the seeds of the 17th century's eventual disaffection with astrology had already been sown in the earlier part of that century.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~janus-nz/astro_science.htm (2106 words)

	Quotations - Science
		"Science has advanced to the stage where all the sensible questions have already been asked.
		The only way you could be free of products tested on animals is to live naked on an island of Papua New Guinea...and not use any sun-tan lotion...
		Eighty percent of animals used in research are mice or rats...
	www.btinternet.com /~roy.stead/roy/Science.htm (860 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Again, the transits of Venus in 1761 and 1769 were the first occurrences of the kind since the awakening of science to their consequence.
		The results show with high precision that space is flat (rather than curved) and that most of the energy in the Universe today is "dark energy", which is gravitationally self-repulsive and accelerates the expansion of the universe.
		The mathematical constructs involved are appealing because of their symmetries, and as in the development of many appealing ideas, the use of the term "fractal" has increased to the point where experimental observations in all the sciences are being analyzed and interpreted as examples of systems with apparently fractal properties.
	scienceweek.com /2003/sw030725.htm (11017 words)

	Soul Beat Africa: Communication for Change - Thinking - A Report on Science and Technology Coverage in the South ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The articles that were included dealt either directly with an issue of science and technology or with a broad issue for which scientists could provide perspective.
		The small percentage of science and technology articles published during the research period points to a lack of science and technology coverage in the South African press.
		More research is needed to assess the view of readers and to express the amount of science coverage in terms of other areas of coverage.
	www.comminit.com /africa/printversion.cgi?url=http://www.comminit.com/africa/evaluations/st2006/thinking-1649.html (792 words)

	Science, Strong Inference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Except for the work of the misguided opponent whose arguments we happen to be refuting at the time, we speak as though every scientist's field and methods of study are as good as every other scientist's and perhaps a little better.
		Today we preach that science is not science unless it is quantitative.
		It is not true that all science is equal; or that we cannot justly compare the effectiveness of scientists by any method other than a mutual-recommendation system.
	www.cof.orst.edu /cof/fs/gradprog/courses/radosevich/science.htm (5691 words)

	There is no war between science and Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The war between Christianity and science has raged so long and bitterly that even 100 years ago, Andrew White, a former president of Cornell University, was able to write a huge two-volume history of the conflict entitled The Warfare Of Science With Theology.
		Galileo, often called "the Father of Modern Science," was the first astronomer to claim actual evidence that the earth was not the center of the universe, but revolved around the sun.
		Modern social science has resulted in many moral advances over these policies, which were advocated at the highest levels of the Church for some 1,500 years.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-sciencechristianity.htm (4227 words)

	COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE
		By the act itself, certain civilian energy research and science and technology programs would be transferred to the Secretary of the Interior.
		Basic science research programs subsequently could be transferred by the Secretary to the National Science Foundation (NSF).
		H.R. 1649, introduced on April 29, 1999, is similar to the bills he introduced in the previous two Congresses and to S. 896 above.
	www.house.gov /science/full_charter_062999.htm (1631 words)

	1649 in science - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		1649 in science - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 03:02, 30 Aug 2004.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about 1649 in science contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/1649_in_science (126 words)

	Science, Strong Inference -- Proper Scientific Method
		There is so much bad science and bad statistics information in media reports, publications, and shared between conversants that I think it is important to understand about facts and proofs and the associated pitfalls.
		Except for the work of the misguided opponent whose arguments we happen to be refuting at the time, we speak as though every scientist's field and methods of study are as good as every other scientist's and perhaps a little better.
		It is not true that all science is equal; or that we cannot justly compare the effectiveness of scientists by any method other than a mutual-recommendation system.
	256.com /gray/docs/strong_inference.html (5779 words)

	Society and Science History TimeLine
		that one of the qualifications required by science is that its theories should start from material premises rather than theological ones.
		In this sense, Bodin is one of the earliest founders of social science.
		Its downfall as the basis of science in the 19th century was a cultural cataclysm
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/SSHTim.htm (7572 words)

	Science in Christian Perspective
		John Ray (1627-1705) became a teaching fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge in 1649, an ordained Church of England minister in 1660.
		Turning to science, he produced the major botanical reference of his generation, met and corresponded with leading scientists across Western Europe.
		Theology and science, religion and politics, were intertwined during the seventeenth century.
	www.asa3.org /ASA/PSCF/1989/PSCF6-89Armstrong.html (1548 words)

	Read about 1648 in science at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research 1648 in science and learn about 1648 in science here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Read about 1648 in science at WorldVillage Encyclopedia.
		Research 1648 in science and learn about 1648 in science here!
		The year 1648 in science and technology consisted of many events, some of which are listed below.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/1648_in_science (79 words)

	Science News Magazine - References - This Week 3/8/97
		The synthetic form of progesterone most commonly prescribed for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy in the United States may erase the therapy's intended heart benefits.
		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94(Feb. 18):1069.
		Scientists are putting postage-stamp-size DNA chips to an incredible variety of uses, including the detection of genetic mutations, the diagnosis of infectious disease, and the monitoring of activity inside cells.
	www.sciencenews.org /pages/sn_arc97/3_8_97/ref1.htm (997 words)

	timelinescience - 1601 to 1650
		In science Francis Bacon puts forward the idea that experimentation is the way forward for scientists.
		During the 17th century Galileo is in conflict with the Catholic Church for his support for Copernicus's idea of a solar system with the Earth moving around the Sun.
		In 1643 Louis XIV becomes King of France, the Ming dynasty is overthrown in China and in 1649 Charles I of England is beheaded by Oliver Cromwell.
	www.timelinescience.org /years/1650.htm (770 words)

	WEB OF SCIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Kaya, I., and Senol, D. Study of changes in polymer-probe interactions with stabilization temperature of a column contained polyacrylonitrile by using inverse gas chromatography.
		Ismen, A., Ismen, P., and Basusta, N. Age, growth and reproduction of tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna L. 1758) in the Bay of Iskenderun in the eastern Mediterranean.
		New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32(1), 139-145.
	www.comu.edu.tr /inner_pages/genel_bilgiler/istatistikler/web_of_science.php (1672 words)

	SELECTION TYPE THEORIES*
		Suppe (1979) suggests that investigations of types of theories is an important research task in philosophy of science and mentions two types that Shapere (1974, 1977) discusses: compositional and evolutionary.
		Imagine a scientist confronted with the problem of explaining how one thing comes to be adapted to another thing–how an immune system comes to be adapted to fighting an invading antigen or how a brain becomes adapted to responding to a type of signal.
		Such work holds the promise of providing "compiled hindsight" (Darden 1987) from the history of science, which may prove useful to current researchers in constructing new theories and, perhaps, providing insights into types of processes common in the natural world in which we live.
	www.philosophy.umd.edu /Faculty/LDarden/Research/pubs/dardencain.html (8959 words)

	Finding Science in Ice Cream
		As the hot weather approaches and students minds begin to drift from the rigors of the high school lab, a fun afternoon might be spent making ice cream and in so doing, introducing several aspects of the science and technology "behind the scenes".
		To suggest that there is no science in ice cream could not be further from the truth.
		I hope you have enjoyed this overview of ice cream processing and chemistry and have gained some useful insights into the field of Food Science, and that from this overview you might be able to have some fun with your students and pass along to them some of our enthusiasm for this field.
	www.physics.uoguelph.ca /STAO/icecream.html (4198 words)

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