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	Navigation Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Navigation Act was passed in October 1651 by the parliament of the Commonwealth of England led by Oliver Cromwell.
		It was reaction to the failure of a diplomatic mission seeking recognition of the Commonwealth by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.
		The Navigation Acts were passed under the economic theory of mercantilism under which wealth was to be increased by restricting trade to colonies rather than with free trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1651_Navigation_Act (471 words)

	AllRefer.com - Navigation Acts (British And Irish History) - Encyclopedia
		The acts were an outgrowth of mercantilism, and followed principles laid down by Tudor and early Stuart trade regulations.
		This act was expanded and altered by the succeeding Navigation Acts of 1662, 1663, 1670, 1673, and by the Act to Prevent Frauds and Abuses of 1696.
		It is clear, however, that the acts hindered the development of manufacturing in the colonies and were a focus of the agitation preceding the American Revolution.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NavigatA.html (587 words)

	Navigation Act 1651
		The Navigation Act of 1651 was one of a series of Navigation Acts passed by the English parliament.
		it was passed in October of 1651 as a reaction to the failure of a diplomatic mission seeking recognition of the Commonwealth of England by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.
		Dutch unhappiness with the Act lead to the First Anglo-Dutch War, which was fought from 1652 to 1654.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/navigation_act_1651 (299 words)

	History of England, Age of Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1651, the Navigation Act forbade importation of goods into England or her colonies except by English vessels or by vessels of the countries producing the goods.
		The Stamp Act, passed in March, was particularly resisted: it was the first measure to impose direct taxes in the Colonies.
		However in March, the Declaratory Act rekindled the flames of colonial resentment, for it declared that the King, by and with the consent of Parliament, had the authority to make laws and to bind the British colonies in all respects.
	www.britannia.com /history/naremphist4.html (2578 words)

	History: Economics in Colonial America
		The failure of this act was caused by inadequate machinery to enforce the law.
		The Navigation Act of 1660 was a restatement of the 1651 act, but it also established a list of items including: tobacco, cotton, wool, and indigo, that couldn't be shipped outside of the British empire (Barck and Lefler).
		The Staple Act of 1663 was an offshoot of the Navigation Acts.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/144.htm (1652 words)

	APUSH- Units 1-5
		Navigation Act, 1660: This Parliamentary act renewed the 1651 act and specified certain innumerable articles which could be exported only to the English or to another English colony in 1660.
		Stamp Act Congress, 1765: This was an assembly of delegates from nine of the original thirteen colonies in 1765 which was intended to protest the Stamp Act.
		Quartering Act (called the Mutiny Act by the British): Passed by Congress, this was one of the Intolerable Acts in 1774.
	www.angelfire.com /ult/hahn/strange.html (19848 words)

	[No title]
		The toll road acts made England's Justices of the Peace responsible for overseeing surveyor accounts of revenues collect- ed.21 However, neither the Justices nor the surveyors were to delay repair for lack of sufficient funds.
		The petitioners for navigation improvements campaigned harder after 1689 than ever before, but their enemies responded in kind: anti-river reform coalitions filed almost as many petitions as did the pro-river clearance confederations during these years.
		This was particularly true when river navigation projects set an outward looking eco- nomic sector against a more inward looking one.64 In most cases, this meant that newly developing rural or urban manufacturers opposed landlords with riparian rights or consumers living at a distance from rivers.
	www.afn.org /~afn31294/marvin/chapter4.txt (5335 words)

	Navigation Acts -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The act specifically aimed at reserving a practical monopoly of the American sugar market to British West Indies sugarcane growers, who otherwise could not compete successfully with French and...
		(1750), in U.S. colonial history, one of the British Trade and Navigation acts; it was intended to stem the development of colonial manufacturing in competition with home industry by restricting the growth of the American iron industry to the supply of raw metals.
		Indeed, the word navigate comes from the Latin navis, meaning ship,”; and agere, meaning “to move or direct.” Today, however, the word also encompasses the guidance of travel on land, in the air, and in inner and...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055084?tocId=9055084 (892 words)

	The Navigation Act 1651 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first Navigation Act was passed by the Rump Parliament in October 1651 in the wake of an unsuccessful diplomatic attempt by Oliver St John and Walter Strickland to negotiate an alliance between the English Commonwealth and the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
		The Act increased tension between the Commonwealth and the United Provinces and was a contributory factor in bringing about the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652-4.
		The Navigation Act was one of the few pieces of legislation from the Commonwealth era that continued after the Restoration, when it was actually extended to forbid exports as well as imports in foreign ships.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/navigation-act.htm (268 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Acting on this resolution, they accordingly invited a band of sea rovers to come and help them against the Picts and Scots.
		The oppressive acts of Canute's sons (S64) excited insurrection (1042), and both Danes and English joined in the determination to restore the English line.
		It acted as a supreme court of justice both in civil and criminal cases.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~ntk/englishhistory.txt (21455 words)

	4. Wars of England with France and Spain, 1651-1763. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Act of 1651, designed to strike a blow at Dutch shipping, required that colonial products be shipped to England in ships of Great Britain or the plantations.
		The Staple Act of 1663 required that articles of European production destined for the colonies must be shipped first to England.
		A Board of Commissioners for Trade and Plantations was organized (1696) and a navigation act of the same year was designed to prevent further evasion of earlier regulations.
	www.bartleby.com /67/939.html (814 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Navigation Acts
		Navigation Acts, legislation passed by the English Parliament in the 17th and 18th centuries to promote and protect English industry and commerce...
		The Navigation Act of 1651 provoked the Dutch War of 1652 to 1654, from which England gained some success....
		Immigration: effects of Navigation Acts on Scots-Irish immigration
	encarta.msn.com /Navigation_Acts.html (126 words)

	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		Strict enforcement of the navigation acts was often impossible.
		Known collectively as the "navigation acts," they were originally designed to regulate commerce within the British Empire, but ultimately ignited war between the American colonies and England.
		1651--The Navigation Act of 1651, one of the earliest navigation acts, was designed to channel all exports from the colonies through an English port before continuing to a foreign harbor.
	www.mariner.org /usnavy/02.htm (960 words)

	Great American History Fact-Finder - -Navigation Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The act of 1651 provided that all goods imported to England must be carried on English ships.
		The Navigation Act of 1660 stated that all colonial produce and tobacco must be exported on English vessels or colonial-owned ships with English captains.
		Parliament repealed all Navigation Acts in 1849 and 1854.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/gahff/html/ff_133200_navigationac.htm (181 words)

	[No title]
		The Navigation Act of 1651 required all goods entering England to be carried by English ships with English crews, or by colonial ships with English crews, or by colonial ships and crews.
		The enumerated Commodities Act (1660) specified that commodities such as tobacco sugar, cotton, indigo, ginger and dyes could be exported from the colonies only to England or to other English colonies 3.
		The Navigational Acts were to be strictly enforced with the use of the WRITS OF ASSISTANCE.
	www.col-ed.org /cur/sst/sst219.txt (1113 words)

	Motts Military Museum Exhibit: 1776
		England believed this could be accomplished by enforcing the Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, 1672, 1696 and the Molasses Act of 1733 and the Sugar Act of 1764.
		Although the hated stamp act never went into effect and was repealed in less than a year, unrest and trouble continued.
		Under pressure, the act of 1767 was repealed and, by 1773, only a modest tax was left to uphold the principle of Parliamentary authority.
	www.mottsmilitarymuseum.org /1776.html (774 words)

	MAH - Municipal Act 2001 - The new Act: An overview
		Unlike the current "one-size-fits-all" Act, the new Act gives municipalities a broad new flexibility to deal with local circumstances, and to react quickly to local economic, environmental or social changes.
		The Act is the product of extensive consultation and hard work with municipal and business groups to find the right balance between municipal flexibility and strong accountability to taxpayers.
		The Act also provides governmental powers, such as the power to tax or regulate or license, as well as specific powers in areas where the province retains an interest.
	www.mah.gov.on.ca /userfiles/HTML/nts_1_6916_1.html (584 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Navigation Act of 1660 requires only English built vessels with crews that are at least three- quarters English may trade in the American colonies.
		Navigation Act requires that all imports to the American colonies from other European countries must be transported from England on English ships.
		The act also limited the number of town meetings in the towns of the colony to one a year.
	www.pinzler.com /ushistory/timeline1.html (2289 words)

	Federal Transit Administration - Americans with Disabilities Act Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Departures from particular technical and scoping requirements of these guidelines by use of other designs and technologies are permitted where the alternative designs and technologies used will provide substantially equivalent or greater access to and usability of the vehicle.
		Existing cars designed and manufactured to be accessible in accordance with the Secretary of Transportation regulations implementing section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that were in effect before October 7, 1991, shall comply with Sec.
		Where compliance with the door width requirement of paragraph (c)(1) of this section is not feasible, the minimum door width shall be 27 in (685 mm).
	www.fta.dot.gov /legal/regulations/us_dot/5601_5608_ENG_HTML.htm (15124 words)

	1650 to 1675
		The Navigation Act limited trading to the British colonies to English or colonial vessels.
		They were forced to accept the Navigation Acts under the terms of the Treaty of Westminister.
		The Navigation Acts were slightly modified to allow Dutch ships with goods from the Rhine to call on British ports.
	www.multied.com /dates/1650ad.html (1052 words)

	History of the Netherlands - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1650, the stadtholder William II, Prince of Orange died, leaving the nation without a powerful ruler.
		The following year, England imposed the 1651 Navigation Act, which severely hurt Dutch trade interests.
		A fight over the Act resulted in the First Anglo-Dutch War, which lasted from 1652 to 1654, ending in the Peace of Westminster, by which the Navigation Act remained in effect.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /h/hi/history_of_the_netherlands.html (2560 words)

	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		March 18-Congress passes An Act to Provide for a Naval Armament, authorizing the creation of a fleet of six ships to be used against the Algerine pirates.
		Construction begins on the six frigates authorized by the 1794 Naval Armament Act at various American ports along the Atlantic seaboard.
		May 10-United States, the first of six frigates authorized by the 1794 Naval Armament Act, is launched in Philadelphia.
	www.mariner.org /usnavy/11.htm (746 words)

	[No title]
		After the 1651 Navigation Act, importing Chesa- peake tobacco became both legal and lucrative for businessmen in Whitehaven, Bristol, Plymouth, Dartmouth, Southampton, and other coastal cities.
		Legislators who supported the act announced that the ban boosted "imployment" and furthered the use of "English Shipping and Seamen." They contended that it also stimulated the woolen industry and other manufactures, and it rendered trade "to and from [markets].
		Landowners dominated Parliaments, and they wrote Navigation Acts to secure America's tobacco industry be- cause they hoped that protection for the Chesapeake colonists might augment the value of their rent rolls.
	www.afn.org /~afn31294/marvin/chapter9.txt (5559 words)

	The Road to Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Purpose of Acts: These series of acts were made to regulate trade of the colonies to increase England’s profit.
		Because each of the navigation acts had a different impact and response, a table was used to enhance the information format and increase readability.
		Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut continued their trade with the Dutch, which was main country this act was trying to control trade with.
	www.haywired.com /acts/acts/navigation.html (308 words)

	b. The Dutch Republic. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Estates held a constituent assembly but only agreed to stop the possibility of recreating the office of captain-general.
		The FIRST ANGLO-DUTCH WAR, the direct outgrowth of the English Navigation Act (1651) (See 1652–54).
		John De Witt became pensionary of Holland and thereby controlled the general policy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/703.html (262 words)

	1600-1699
		Orphaned children came under the care of the overseers, who were to apprentice the children to suitable trades.
		It forbade the ejected clergy, who refused to comply to the Act of Uniformity, from preaching to audiences of their own.
		This act was to be passed every year.
	www.innvista.com /society/government/britain/docs16.htm (563 words)

	Gardiner: Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution
		Provided always, that this Act, nor anything therein contained, extend not, or be meant to restrain the importation of any of the commodities of the Straits
		Lastly, that this Act nor anything therein contained, extend not to bullion, nor yet to any goods taken, or that shall be taken by way of reprisal by any ship or ships, having commission from this commonwealth.
		When this Act was re-enacted after the Restoration many changes were made, the most important being that the prohibition of importing in foreign bottoms was extended to exports (12 Car.
	www.constitution.org /eng/conpur_ap.htm (196 words)

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