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	African Literature - MSN Encarta
		Africa’s oral literature takes the form of prose, verse, and proverb, and texts vary in length from the epic, which might be performed over the course of several days, to single-sentence formulations such as the proverb.
		Literatures in African languages have received little scholarly attention, in part because of a Western bias in favor of literature in European languages.
		Literature in Somali is predominantly in verse, and its greatest figure is Sayyid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan, who was born in the mid-19th century and died in 1921.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555353/African_Literature.html (1909 words)

	The Art of Literature (Rexroth's Encyclopaedia Britannica article)
		To use the word writing when describing literature is itself misleading, for one may rightly speak of “oral literature” or “the literature of preliterate peoples.” The art of literature is not reducible to the words on the page; they are there because of the craft of writing.
		Literature, like music, is an art of time, or “tempo”: it takes time to read or listen to, and it usually presents events or the development of ideas or the succession of images or all these together in time.
		Popular literature today is produced either to be read by a literate audience or to be enacted on television or in the cinema; it is produced by writers who are members, however lowly, of an elite corps of professional literates.
	www.bopsecrets.org /rexroth/essays/literature.htm (9873 words)

	French Literature - MSN Encarta
		The aristocracy spoke in an increasingly witty and cultivated manner that was termed préciosité (preciosity or preciousness).
		Among the aspects of cultural life that Richelieu wished to control were the French language and French literature.
		It was the preeminent democratic genre, documenting detail and fact rather than the universal and general principles that the 18th-century philosophes pursued.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552714_3/French_Literature.html (3524 words)

	children's literature - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Among this ancient body of oral literature were myths and legends created to explain the natural phenomena of night and day and the changing seasons.
		Ballads, sagas, and epic tales were told by the fireside or in courts to an audience of adults and children eager to hear of the adventures of heroes.
		The first distinctly juvenile literature in England and the United States consisted of gloomy and pious tales—mostly recounting the deaths of sanctimonious children—written for the edification of Puritan boys and girls.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-childr-lit.html (1430 words)

	Provençal literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consequently Romanic literatures in general (and this is especially true of Provençal, as it does not extend beyond the medieval period) afford only an incomplete representation of the intellectual development of each country.
		Those literatures even which are most truly national, as having been subjected to no external influence, are only to a limited extent capable of teaching us what the nation was.
		This poem, composed in all probability in 1234, is the story of a lady who by very ingenious devices, not unlike those employed in the Miles gloriosus of Plautus, succeeds in eluding the vigilance of her jealous husband.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Provencal_literature (7449 words)

	History of Children's Literature
		There is a growing number of texts dedicated to the history, study, and analysis of children's literature; we have included a selection that as a whole provides a fairly comprehensive study of the subject.
		The major issues and trends of children's literature are addressed in five major sections of the text: Theory and Criticism, Types and Genres, Context, Applications, and The World of Children's Literature.
		This is a general overview of English-language children's literature, with an emphasis on the late 19th to 20th centuries.
	www.ils.unc.edu /~prier/KidLit (1507 words)

	French Literature - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		French culture flourished under Louis XIV, and French culture, manners, and thought spread throughout Europe.
		The individualism and lyricism that had characterized French Renaissance literature gave way in the 17th century to classicism and an emphasis on classical ideas of order, restraint, clarity, and reason.
		In 1634 he asked a group of writers who had been meeting informally to form the French Academy.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761552714___21/French_Literature.html (1727 words)

	Literature
		Studies in 18th-Century literature often fail to acknowledge the prodigious achievements and popularity of Eliza Haywood.
		While some steadfast scholars and critics of 18th Century writing maintain that Haywood's works do not qualify as "high" or classical literature because of the sexual content of her novels, she should not be overlooked.
		There is a saying, clich=E9 though it may be, that "imitation is the most sincere form of flattery." If that is the case, then Haywood, were she still alive, would be flattered to death by the countless imitators attempting to duplicate what she succeeded with in Love in Excess.
	www.umich.edu /~ece/student_projects/ye_olde_bay/literature.html (2928 words)

	Dutch Studies Web: Literature and Language
		Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature - Brief biographies, critical essays and bibliographies for many Dutch authors whose works have been translated or are seeking translations.
		Project Laurens Janszoon Coster - Strives to be a comprehensive site of Dutch language literature on the internet; now includes selected works from nearly fifty authors from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century.
		Expertisecentrum Nederlands - This center at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen focuses on the acquisition and teaching of Dutch language at the grade school level.
	area.lib.umn.edu /duliterature.html (832 words)

	Belgium - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Belgium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But the great gains made by France in the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678 were largely restored by the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 (for more details of this period, see France: history 1515–1815).
		By the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, which concluded the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish Netherlands were ceded to Austria, where the Habsburgs continued to rule.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Belgium (4427 words)

	Graduate Courses in Rhetoric and Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The rhetorical tradition and rhetorical approaches to literature are considered in a number of courses offered by the Department of English and Comparative Literature.
		Apart from learning to read drama as such, I want to examine the nature of political literature in a highly politicized age, and to show that what we might now call formalist concerns are part of the means by which these plays made or debated political arguments.
		The focus of this course is the literature of the English civil war, loosely organized around the concepts of romance and contract.
	eee.uci.edu /programs/comp/rhet/literature.html (2631 words)

	The Poets.
		He was not a profound thinker; his philosophy is that rather of the market place than of the schools; he does not move among high ideals or subtle emotions.
		One of the best known and most respected figures in English literature is Milton; though, it has been said (De Selincourt), that "the true appreciation of Milton is the last reward of the scholar." Milton was religious (considering the age, - how could one be anything else).
		His greatest works is in the poetry of his maturity and old age..." Yeats was to edit the works of William Blake in 1893.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Literary/BiosPoets.htm (3002 words)

	Books & Literature Forums - Seven Great Stories in Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		.and this is really just one of the seven great stories of literature that we are telling.' The speaker was an actor (I don't remember who) commenting on the writing of the movie he was working on (I don't remember which movie).
		I don't remember the actor or movie because I was trying to remember if I had ever heard of the 'seven great stories of literature'.
		I figured it was one of the many things that I had forgotten from high school lit classes.
	booksliterature.com /showthread.php?p=306 (293 words)

	French Literature - Classicism
		rance's political position as the most powerful nation in Europe during the reign of Louis XIV was reflected in the preeminence French literature attained in the 17th century.
		This Golden Age literature still forms the foundation of French liberal education.
		The period showed a continuing trend toward the reinforcement of royal authority and, except at the end, of Catholic influence.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Literature/DF_literature3.shtml (914 words)

	Children's and Young Adult Literature
		Secondary source materials written about children's and young adult literature are found in books and articles addressed to teachers, students, librarians, and parents.
		Includes essays on theoretical and critical approaches to children's literature; types and genres of children's literature; book publishing and design; and the nature of children's literature in select countries and regions of the world.
		Includes eighty-four critical essays accompanied by selective bibliographies about writers of children's literature who lived from the 17th through the first part of the 20th century.
	www.library.kent.edu /page/10620 (2032 words)

	Literature Staff
		I have also published work on drink in literature and on the political writing of Andrew Marvell.
		Extremely positive reviews in Studies in English Literature, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, The Review of English Studies, Albion, Literature and History, and The Sciblerian.
		Described in Studies in English Literature as one of two 'outstanding books destined to become standard reference works for decades to come … learned works of archivally based literary history that advance powerful arguments which will change the way we think about poetry and drama of the period and beyond.'
	www.shef.ac.uk /english/staff/litstaff/sjo.html (750 words)

	Find in a Library: To settle the succession of the state : literature and politics, 1678-1750
		Subjects: English literature -- 18th century -- History and criticism.
		English literature -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- History and criticism.
		Politics and literature -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/fa0a7a02849aca26a19afeb4da09e526.html (102 words)

	OE Literature
		Altenglische Literatur und ihre Geschichte: Zur Kritik des gegenwärtigen Deutungssystems.
		The survey below closely follows the entry on Old English literature published by P. armach and H. Sauer in the Lexikon des Mittelalters, Vol I, s.v.
		However, it is not complete, as we could only mention the most important texts and issues.
	www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /anglist1/staff/holteir/exeter/Materials/OE_Literature/oe_literature.html (394 words)

	A Historical Perspective
		Based on this observation, Newton determined the relative sizes of the different color light particles by the refraction angles.
		In 1678, Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695), a mathematician, astronomer, and natural scientist, challenged Newton's "corpuscular" theory proposing that light could be better understood as consisting of waves.
		Through the 1800s, the theory was well accepted, and it eventually became important in James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic radiation.
	www.omega.com /literature/transactions/volume1/historical2.html (2046 words)

	ZION AND THE TWO JERUSALEMS
		The crusader's conquest helped bring a flowering of a "Zionist" literature in Islam - the Fadha'il al-Kuds - tracts singing the praises of Jerusalem.
		We find "Zionist" literature not only in the Hebrew prophets and in Islam but also in Western literature.
		This verse was later picked as the anthem of the British Labour Movement, reflecting its millenia and world-restituting ideals.
	www.thehope.org /yrusalem2b.htm (2433 words)

	Children's Literature - Island 1
		The instructional focus of children's books is also seen in this twice-monthly magazine, founded by Samuel Griswold Goodrich in 1833, which emphasized geography, travel, natural history, and simple technology, along with Bible stories.
		These two works, in the very small format favored for children's books in the earlier nineteenth century, illustrate the overlap between children's literature and the religious tract.
		The Baptist tinker John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (first published in 1678), and its second part about the pilgrim's wife Christiana (1684, shown here in a Philadelphia reprint of 1857), were not originally for children, but appealed because of their fairy-tale like allegory of giants and bravery.
	www.sc.edu /library/spcoll/kidlit/kidlit/kidlit1.html (836 words)

	Alcatel Product: Alcatel 1678 Metro Core Connect
		The Alcatel 1678 Metro Core Connect (MCC) simplifies networks by integrating add/drop multiplexer (ADM), broadband and wideband cross-connect, and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) functionality into a single node with a full Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) control plane.
		As a result, service providers can reduce capital expenditures as much as 40 percent by decreasing the number of network elements required in the central office (or main exchange) while boosting network efficiency and enabling new data services.
		The ISA module's plug-in design offers a easy service upgrade to enhance the transport network, with only incremental investment by the service provider.
	www.alcatel.com /products/productsummary.jhtml?repositoryID=/com/en/appxml/opgproduct/alcatel1678metrocoreconnecttcm228121601635.jhtml (225 words)

	Department of French Language and Literature
		Director, Archive of Literatures of the Caribbean, 2004-.
		In conjunction with the Etext Center at Alderman Library; a project of the Archive of Literatures of the Caribbean.
		The opportunity to mentor GTAs in FREN 343 as well as in my course on comparative Caribbean literature (FRTR 329) has proved stimulating for the undergraduates and the graduate students as well.
	www.virginia.edu /french/faculty/aja.htm (342 words)

	Eighteenth Century Political Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the volumes in this series, writers’ political ideas are given due weight, and this, in turn, allows the modern reader to understand and to share their concerns.
		He has published widely on English literature and politics in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, including a biography of Swift,
		To Settle the Succession of the State: Literature and Politics, 1678-1750 (1994).
	www.pickeringchatto.com /politicalbiographies.htm (465 words)

	VoS - Voice of the Shuttle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Responses to the Holocaust: A Hypermedia Sourcebook for the Humanities (rich, sophisticated introduction to "the various discourses, disciplines, media and institutions that have produced significant critical and theoretical positions and discussions concerning the Nazi Genocide of the Jews of Europe, 1933-45"
		An Introduction to the Francophone Literature of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (Rachid Aadnani, Debbie Folaron, Michael Toler)
		Polish Literature in English Translation (comprehensive database of English translations of Polish literature available in print and on the Web) (Constance J. Ostrowski, Schenectady County COmmunity C.)
	vos.ucsb.edu /browse.asp?id=2719 (2514 words)

	The Thomas Gray Archive : Materials : Biography
		His poems are full of reminiscences of other languages and other literatures, living and dead.
		He proceeded to a degree of Bachelor of Civil Law in 1743, but he preferred the study of Greek literature to that of either civil or common law.
		Cambridge was Gray's headquarters for the rest of his placid life as a don, but he took little interest in the society of the place.
	www.thomasgray.org /materials/bio.shtml (6285 words)

	Women in Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		American Literature Pages at http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/ has some extensive links and background information on many American authors from different periods (better on the earlier periods than on the late twentieth century and beyond).
		Much modernist literature “reflects a sense of crisis in human existence.” Other characteristics include a preoccupation with the present and its lack of meaning, a sense of emptiness caused by increased technology and urbanization, and an inward-looking disillusioned vision conveying “alienation and psychic fragmentation.”
		International literature written in English, especially from the ex-British colonies, challenges the very definition of “English” literature and its traditional exclusiveness.
	www.ualr.edu /english/stodola_women_in_literature.htm (3574 words)

	children's literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Out of this period came one classic for both children and adults, John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress (1678).
		During the 1980s and 90s in particular, multicultural concerns became an important aspect of the new realistic tradition in children’s literature, as in Allen Say’s tales of the Japanese-American immigrant experience.
		See B. Hürlimann, Three Centuries of Children’s Books in Europe (1967); S. Egoff, G. Stubbs, and L. Ashley, Only Connect (1969); C. Meigs, A Critical History of Children’s Literature (rev. ed.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/childr-lit.html (1286 words)

	IU Lilly Library Collections American Literature
		American literature is one of the principal strengths of the Lilly Library.
		There are good holdings in both prose and verse from the 18th century and extensive collections of first and other important editions for all major and many minor 19th century American authors.
		Holdings in 20th century American literature are extensive.
	www.indiana.edu /~liblilly/overview/lit_american.shtml (316 words)

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