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Topic: 170 BCE

	Science Timeline
		In the second millenium bce, in the Rig-Veda it was maintained the Earth was a globe and in the Yajur-Veda that the Earth circled the Sun.
		About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
		About 330 bce, Heraclides of Pontus said that the earth turns daily on its axis "while the heavenly things were at rest..., considered the cosmos to be infinite..., [and] with the Pythagoreans, considered each planet to be a world with an earth-like body and with an atmosphere" (Dreyer 1906:123-125).
	www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm (6591 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Due to a childhood injury, having have lost his manly powers, Philetaerus never got married and had no son, so decided to adopt his nephew Eumenes as his heir to the throne of his small kingdom that he was just building.
		Although Eumenes I (263-241 BCE), has never used the title of King, he is regarded as the first king in the line of Attalid dynasty who ruled the Pergamum Kingdom for five generations.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Tell el-Far'ah - Archaeology Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The attempted revolt of Josiah's son Jehoiakim in 600 BCE against the Babylonians resulted in the destruction of Judah and began the forced exile of its elite to Babylon; thus beginning the period of the Babylonian Exile.
		In 539 BCE Cyrus II entered Babylon, thus ending the period of the Babylonian exile and ushering in a new period of prosperity and reconstruction within the region of the Eastern Mediterranean under the Persians.
		This alliance was renewed again in 139 BCE and because of intermittent Roman activity in the orient, the stage was set for the entrance of Roman general Pompée between 66-62 BCE.
	farahsouth.cgu.edu /timeline/main.htm (3466 words)

	Chronology Of Jubilees
		If the current year (44-43 BCE) did correspond to the cited 2nd year of the land-use agreement then it might be possible to interpret this passage to mean that the respective year did correspond to a 7th year (as celebrated by the Jews).
		From the premise that prior to the time of the Jewish revolt in 167 BCE a jubilee-cycle of 50-years was certainly celebrated, it would be of considerable significance to identify the location of a specific Sabbatical year in that earlier time period.
		It is here of special interest that both the jubilee-year of 571-570 BCE (the time of Ezekiel's vision) and the jubilee-year of 30-31 CE (the time after the crucifixion) may have occurred in alignment with a revolution of this respective long-time-cycle (of 600-years).
	www.israelofgod.org /jubileelink.htm (7329 words)

	Re: Calendar, MMT & Enoch (long)
		Greg understands MMT to indicate the priests in power at Jerusalem "separated" from the "multitude of the people" (the "rabble" as it were).
		Greg and Ian's model (if I have it correctly) is that there were more than one faction of priests serving in the temple at Jerusalem, and that MMT represents polemics from one of these groups.
		170 BCE) is widely considered the first historical apocalypse, while the Apocalypse of Animals (1 En.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1996b/msg00871.html (2258 words)

	Aramaic language at AllExperts
		As the language grew in importance, it came to be spoken throughout the Mediterranean coastal area of the Levant, and spread east of the Tigris.
		For centuries after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire (in 331 BCE), Imperial Aramaic as prescribed by Darius, or near enough for it to be recognisable, remained the dominant language of the region.
		Palmyrene Aramaic is the dialect that was in use in the city of Palmyra in the Syrian Desert from 44 BCE to 274 CE.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/ar/aramaic_language.htm (5553 words)

	History of the Indo-Greek Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After around 100 BCE, Indian kings recovered the area of Mathura and Eastern Punjab east of the Ravi River, and minted their own coins.
		During the 1st century BCE, the Indo-Greeks progressively lost ground against the invasion of the Indo-Scythians, until the last king Strato II ended his ruled in Eastern Punjab around 10 CE.
		Territories of the Paropamisadae, Arachosia and Gandhara (130 - 95 BCE):
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_Indo-Greek_Kingdom (935 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Imperial China- (?- 1644)
		BCE- June 1, 195 BCE)- First emperor of the Western Hàn Dynasty, ruling over China from 202 BCE until 195 BCE, and one of only few dynasty founders who emerged from the peasant class (the other major example being Zhu Yuanzhang founder of the Míng Dynasty).
		In December 207 BCE, the last Qín ruler Ziying surrendered to Liú Bāng and his rebel army, and in 206 BCE Liú entered the Qín capital Xianyang.
		One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.1imp.html (17282 words)

	Biblical Ancestors and Heroes
		After Alexander died in 323 BCE without leaving a viable heir, his vast empire was divided up among his generals.
		In 167 BCE Antiochus erected a statue of Zeus Olympius, his god of whom he is a manifestation, in the Temple in Jeruasalem and sacrificed a swine on the altar.
		BCE) The period from the "abomination that desolates" until God's judgment is poured out on the "desolator." In other words, at the end of the Antiochus' reign of "one week," he will be destroyed.
	moses.creighton.edu /simkins/203/lectures/lecture25.html (6629 words)

	BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE NEW TESTAMENT
		Between 215-206 BCE, Rome, allied with the Aetolian League, Sparta, and Pergamum, defeated Philip V, king of the Macedonian kingdom, and his ally, the Achaian League, forcing Philip to agree to peace on terms favorable to the Romans and its allies (First Macedonian War).
		In 63 BCE, because he justifiably suspected Aristobolus II to be disloyal, Pompey marched on Jerusalem; Aristobolus II met him at Jericho and capitulated.
		In 40 BCE Antigonus, the son of Aristobulus II, allied with the Parthians, gained control of Jerusalem; a Hasmonean was once again king.
	www.abu.nb.ca /courses/NTIntro/History1.htm (4474 words)

	Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE
		A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
		Their crews are quite small: a total of 15 to 60 sailors and armed escorts, depending on the size of the ship.
		Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
	www.ciolek.com /GLOBAL/early.html (2873 words)

	Daniel’s "Time of the End"
		In 170 BCE, following a series on intrigues by various parties attempting to gain control of the High Priesthood, Onias was murdered, thus bringing to an end the line of Zadokite priests, considered by many Jews of the time to be the only legitimate priests.
		In 168 BCE, Antiochus launched a second campaign against Egypt, but was repulsed by a Roman army.
		Under the leadership of Judas Maccabee and his family, a band of guerillas harried the Greeks, and were eventually able to secure the Temple and rededicate it in 163/4 BCE (an event still celebrated by Jews today during the holiday of Hanukkah).
	www.2think.org /hundredsheep/bible/timeoftheend.shtml (2990 words)

	digNubia
		Very few of the names of the Nubian kings who lived before 1,550 BCE (Before Common Era, the same as BC) are known.
		Thus, after about 780 BCE, we know most of the names of the Nubian rulers until the end of the kingdom of Kush, about 350 CE (Common Era, the same as AD).
		(We still cannot read most of the inscriptions after about 200 BCE, since we have not learned to read Meroitic.) Most of the rulers are known only by their names written on their pyramids.
	www.dignubia.org /bookshelf/rulers.php?lo=20&ord= (287 words)

	Eucratides I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		170 BCE - 145 BCE) was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings.
		It is unclear whether Eucratides was a Bactrian official who raised a rebellion, or, according to some scholars, a cousin of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes who was trying to regain the Bactrian territory.
		His successors to Eucratides were Eucratides II and Heliocles I (145-130 BCE), who was the last Greek king to reign in Bactria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eucratides (873 words)

	Bactria.htm
		Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE conquered Bactria and it remained under Persian rule for the next 200 years as a Bactrian Satrapy.
		Demetrios I (c.200-190 BCE), son of Euthydemus II and grand son of Euthydemus I advanced his kingdom into the Hindu Kush and northwestern India.
		Eukratides I (c.177 - 135 BCE) overthrew Demetrios II and Antimachus I (sons of Demetrios I) with the help of of Selucids in 170 BCE and became ruler of the western portion of Bactria (Gandara, Kabul and Kandahar).
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C2/Greece/AG/HK/Bactria/Bactria.htm (484 words)

	History Indo-greek Kingdom - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The first invasion was completed by 175 BCE, as the Indo-Greeks contained the Sungas to the area eastward of Pataliputra, and established their rule on the new territory.
		From around 180 BCE, Agathocles and Pantaleon, probable successors to Demetrius I in the Paropamisadae, and the earliest Greek kings to issue Indian-standard square bilingual coins (in Brahmi), depicted the Buddhist lion together with the Hindu goddess Lakshmi.
		A 2nd century BCE relief from a Buddhist stupa in Bharhut, in eastern Madhya Pradesh (today at the Indian Museum in Calcutta), represents a foreign soldier with the curly hair of a Greek and the royal headband with flowing ends of a Greek king.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/indo-greek_kingdom.php (4421 words)

	Rome: Total War @ The Wargamer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, the Third War of the Diadochi (314-311 BCE) control of the eastern portion—Babylonia—was seized by Seleucus, while the western portion (Syria) was gained when Antigonus was defeated at the Battle of Ipsus at the end of Fourth War of the Diadochi (301 BCE).
		Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, and the death of his son in 309 BCE, the empire was split between Alexander’s four principal generals with Ptolemy Lagus becoming the ruler of Egypt.
		The period between the death of Ptolemy IV in 170 BCE and the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in 30 BCE was filled with palace intrigue and an increased involvement by Rome in Egyptian politics.
	www.wargamer.com /microsites/rome_total_war/factions_page2.html (883 words)

	index_bce_199_100
		c.190-170 BCE), one of the kings of the Greco-Bactrian dynasty, establishes an extensive empire known as the "Indo-Greek kingdom" in the Punjab and the Indus Valley.
		King Menander, or Milinda (c.150-130 BCE), is one of these Indo-Greek rulers; he begins his career as one of Demetrios's generals.
		(c.100's BCE - 000's CE) becomes the regional successor to the Mauryas in the northeast: Met Museum.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/bce_199_100/index_bce_199_100.html (390 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy VI Philometor
		The invasion of Antiouchus IV from Syria marked an important point in Egyptian history -- the intervention of Rome is all that kept the country from falling, and it brought the outlying cities of Egypt under Roman power.
		The country was still embroiled in war with Syria, despite the temporary peace of Ptolemy V and his political marriage to Cleopatra I. At the death of Cleopatra in 170 BCE, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt and Ptolemy was captured.
		In theory, his son Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater, succeeded him to the throne, however, he was put to death as soon as Ptolemy VIII (Physcon) could reach Egypt and claim it for himself.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/06pto6.html (494 words)

	Dead Sea Scrolls -- Timeline
		It is a rather long stretch to extrapolate from this relatively modern date to the third millennium BCE.
		BCE (Before the Common Era) is equivalent to, but used here in preference to, BC (Before Christ).
		Dendrochronological dating of timbers from an Aegean shipwreck containing a gold scarab of Queen Nefertiti seem to show that she was queen by about 1316 BCE, or at least no later than a date between 1316 and the year the ship sank.
	home.flash.net /~hoselton/deadsea/timeline.htm (10345 words)

	Noricum - Province of the Roman Empire
		In fact, from about 170 BCE the Noricans enjoyed the status of hospitum publicum with Rome (National hospitality, or friends and allies of Rome).
		In 48 BCE during the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey, the Noricans threw in the full weight of this considerable industry to Caesar's cause.
		The death of Voccio followed in 16 BCE, and Noricum became a client Kingdom to Rome and would eventually be established as a full province under the Emperor Claudius in the mid 1st Century CE.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/noricum.php (847 words)

	Daniel 11
		The first event is the desolation of the sanctuary in 167 BCE and is described in 8:11-14; (see footnote 4) 11:31; 12:10-12 (see footnote 5).
		The second event is the desolation of the city of Jerusalem in 70 CE and is described in Daniel 7:21; 9:27; 12:7, which was preceded by the events of 66 CE, when the Roman armies surrounded the city.
		The 1335th day was the offering of the 1st sacrifice on the new alter in 164 BCE, which would align the end of the 1290 days with the start of the work in repairing the sanctuary.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/d11.html (5898 words)

	Archeologist: King Herod's tomb desecrated, but discovery 'high point' - Haaretz - Israel News
		Professor Ehud Netzer of the university's Institute of Archaeology told reporters Tuesday that the tomb was discovered when a team of researchers found pieces of a limestone sarcophagus believed to belong to the ancient king.
		Herod, whose father and grandfather converted to Judaism, was appointed governor of Galilee at the age of 25 and was made "King of the Jews" by the Roman senate in approximately 40 BCE.
		In the year 43 BCE, when Herod was still governor of the Galilee, he was forced to flee Jerusalem along with his family after his enemies the Parthians laid siege to the city.
	www.haaretz.com /hasen/spages/856784.html (1004 words)

	The Influence of Religion and Astronomy on the Development of Astrology
		The extispicy texts – the liver models from Mari (circa 1875 BCE) – are the earliest known texts of Babylonian divination.
		After circa 700 BCE the "three ways" are no longer used as astronomical co-ordinates for the positions of the stars and planets (longitude and latitude are used).
		Later texts (from 600 BCE) always determine the positions of stars and planets with respect to the ecliptic.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page9h.html (2329 words)

	Daniel 11:1-45
		And the king of the south shall be strong, — Ptolemy I Soter, son of Lagus, declared himself king of Egypt in 306 BCE and thus founded the Ptolemaic line of rulers in the south.
		He recovered his grandeur (after he and Ptolemy defeated Antigonus in 312 BCE at the battle for Jerusalem) and regained Babylon by 310 BCE to establish the Seleucid dynasty.
		With the death of Antigonus at the battle for Ipsus in 301 BCE Seleucus had secured for himself what was previously all of Antigonus' empire.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/dn11ss.html (8045 words)

	Ancient Jewish History
		Ancient Jewish History from the 6th Century BCE to the Destruction of the Jewish Temple, 70 CE *Note: The dates noted here correspond to class notes from the lectures of Dr. Seth Schwartz's class at the
		The Torah is a contract, and from ~550 BCE, it was the civil law of the Jews.
		For Judah itself, this (300-200 BCE) was a century of peace.
	www.tparents.org /Library/Religion/OTA/OTA-Other/Israel-History.htm (3625 words)

	Plato of Bactria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plato was a Greco-Bactrian king who reigned for a short time in southern Bactria or the Paropamisadae during the mid 2nd century BCE.
		Some of Plato's coins have inscriptions which may be possibly be interpreted as dates using the Indo-Greek era which started around 186 BCE.
		This matches the dating given by numismatician Bopearachchi, who places Plato between 145-140 BCE, since his coins are not found in the ruins of Ai Khanoum, a Bactrian city which was destroyed during the reign of Eucratides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plato_of_Bactria (264 words)

	Internet Women's History Sourcebook
		Hymn to Demeter 7th Cent BCE [At Ecole]
		Hymn to -ter 7th Cent BCE [At Hieron Mysteria]
		Orphic Hymn to Kekate 5th Cent BCE [At Hermetic Fellowship]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/women/womensbook.html (6059 words)

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