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Topic: 175 BCE

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 100 BCE
		The use of BCE to replace BC is usually advocated on the grounds that the counting of years in relation to the birth of Jesus is biased too strongly in the service of Christianity.
		Around 175 BCE, the Yuezhi tribes (probable related to the Tocharians) who lived in modern day Gansu, were defeated by the Xiongnu (Huns) tribes, and had to migrate towards the West into the Ili river area.
		Sometime after 155 BCE, the Yuezhi were again defeated by an alliance of the Wusun and the Xiongnu, and were forced to move south, again displacing the Scythians, who migrated south towards Bactria, and south-west towards Parthia and Afghanistan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/100-BCE (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Demetrius I of Bactria
		By ca 175 BCE, the Indo-Greeks ruled parts northwestern India, while the Sungas remained in the Gangetic, Central, and Eastern India.
		Demetrius I died of unknown reasons, and the date 180 BCE, is merely a suggestion aimed to allow suitable regnal periods for subsequent kings, of which there were several.
		Description of the 302 BCE marital alliance in Strabo 15.2.1(9): "The Indians occupy [in part] some of the countries situated along the Indus, which formerly belonged to the Persians: Alexander deprived the Ariani of them, and established there settlements of his own.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria (0 words)

	Rel 101: Understanding the Bible: Significant Dates
		445 BCE Nehemiah, cupbearer to Artaxerxes the Persian emperor, is appointed governor of Judah.
		428 BCE (possibly 458 or even 398) The Persians appoint Ezra "scribe of the law of the god of heaven" (Ezra 7:12) to assist in the Jewish restoration.
		336 BCE Philip is assassinated and Alexander inherits the empire.
	www.aarweb.org /syllabus/syllabi/r/rennie/rel151/dates.htm (0 words)

	Chanukah on Virtual Jerusalem
		175 BCE - The rise of Antiochus IV In 175 B.C.E Antiochus IV Epiphanes rose in power as ruler of the Seleucid empire.
		Antiochus was a ruthless leader and a man of great ambition who planned to expand his realm and impose Greek culture and religion as a unifying force on his empire.
		Observance of the Sabbath and festivals, dietary laws, the covenant of circumcision, the laws of family purity and the use of God's name were specifically prohibited.
	www.virtualjerusalem.com /youth/chanukah/time.htm (0 words)

	Second Temple Period
		In 538 BCE, a proclamation by King Cyrus of Persia, who had conquered Babylon, permitted the exiles to return to Jerusalem.
		Following the death of Alexander the Great, who in 333 BCE had vanquished the Persian Empire, his empire split into three kingdoms each ruled by one of his generals.
		A rift between Alexander Janneus's successors enabled Pompey, commander of the Roman forces in the East, to seize the country in 63 BCE.
	jeru.huji.ac.il /ec1.htm (558 words)

	Delos
		Inhabited as early as the third millennium BCE, the island was celebrated in antiquity as the legendary birthplace of Apollo and Artemis.
		When the structure was first built in the second century BCE, rooms A and B were undivided, forming one of the largest halls on Delos.
		It dates between 250 and 175 BCE and records the dedication of portions of a Samaritan synagogue.
	www.pohick.org /sts/delos.html (1367 words)

	Rel 101: Understanding the Bible: Significant Dates
		445 BCE Nehemiah, cupbearer to Artaxerxes the Persian emperor, is appointed governor of Judah.
		428 BCE (possibly 458 or even 398) The Persians appoint Ezra "scribe of the law of the god of heaven" (Ezra 7:12) to assist in the Jewish restoration.
		175 BCE Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) succeeds to the Seleucid throne.
	www.westminster.edu /staff/brennie/dates.htm (713 words)

	JudaeaHasmonaeanRule.htm
		Alexander Jannaeus103-76 BCE was the first of the Hasmonean high priest denote himself as king on his coins.
		In 40 BCE, his nephew Mattathias Antigonus with the help of Partian invaders disfigured him by cutting off his ears thus disqualifying him to be High priest.
		Mattathias Antigonus ruled part of Judaea between 40-37 B.C.E. Mattathias Antigonos was son of Aristobulus II, nephew of John Hyrcanus II and great-great-grandnephew of Judah Maccabee.
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C4/Judah/03JudaeaHasmonaeanRule/JudaeaHasmonaeanRule.htm (714 words)

	JEWISH RELIGIOUS LAW
		597-538 BCE prophets and elders led the exiles in Babylon
		100s BCE beginning of the recording of the teaching of the scribes/Pharisees that eventually are preserved in the Mishna
		----63 BCE struggle for succession of Hasmonean kingship leads to Roman conquest of Judea, and the Romans appoint successor king-high priest.
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao00r/375Timelines.htm (0 words)

	[ TheWatcher.co.uk ] - God does exist.
		In 175 BCE Heliodorus murdered Seleucus IV, the brother of Antiochus Epiphanes, in a failed attempt to size the Syrian crown.
		In 168 BCE his military ambitions came to an brought abrupt halt when the Roman Senate ordered him to withdraw from Cyprus and Egypt.
		In 167 BCE, following an uncompromising policy of suppression of Judaism, he caused erection of a pagan altar to Zeus Olympus on the altar of burnt-offering at the Temple.
	www.thewatcher.co.uk /id/antio.htm (0 words)

	The Xiongnu Culture - Third Century BCE
		During the third and second centuries BCE they rose to great power and became a tribal confederation.
		The basis of the Xiongnus' economy was herding, mostly pastoral nomads who lived in felt-cobbled tents, using bow and arrow from horseback.
		The production of crafts flourished as wll, iron and bronze was smelted in their workshops and fine tools, weaponry, household utensils, jewelry and ceramics were produced.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/xiongnu1.shtml (0 words)

	The Hanukkah Story
		In the early 160's BCE, the Jewish people were undergoing an identity crisis of a sort.
		The powerful influence of the Greek, or "Hellenistic", culture was drawing many away from what others saw as the correct path of the Jewish religion and culture.
		In keeping with this vision, when Antiochos IV learned of the fighting in Jerusalem, he used the pretext of protecting the "Hellenized" Jews as an excuse to invade Jerusalem in 168 BCE.
	www.garstang.us /judaean/chanukka.htm (652 words)

	Cornelia
		However, Polybius, a Greek historian of the second century BCE, states the betrothal of Cornelia to the much older Tiberius Gracchus occurred after her father's death and was arranged by close relatives.
		Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus died in 154-153 BCE, leaving Cornelia to raise her daughter and two sons on her own, with Tiberius being around the age of nine and Gaius being an infant.
		When he too died violently in 121 BCE, Cornelia gloried in the memory of her two sons and continued to be admired for her political acumen and intelligence.
	cornellia.fws1.com /Ancientworlds/cornelia.htm (955 words)

	Chanukah - Crystalinks
		Around 200 BCE Jews lived as an autonomous people in the land of Israel, which at this time was controlled by the Seleucid King of Syria.
		The Jewish people paid taxes to Syria and accepted its legal authority, and by and large were free to follow their own faith, maintain their own jobs, and engage in trade.By 175 BCE Antiochus IV Epiphanes ascended to the Seleucid throne.
		63 BCE: The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom comes to an end due to rivalry between the brothers Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus II, both of whom appeal to the Roman Republic to intervene and settle the power struggle on their behalf.
	www.crystalinks.com /chanukah.html (2504 words)

	History of Jerusalem
		The city of Shalem is mentioned in ancient scrolls as early as 2,500 BCE.
		458 BCE - Period of Ezra and Nehamia: Nehamia rebuilds the walls of the city.
		164 BCE - Yehuda the Maccabi conquers Jerusalem and cleanses the Temple.
	www.jerusalem.muni.il /english/tour/history.htm (759 words)

	Indo-Greek Kingdom
		Around 125 BCE the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles, son of Eucratides, was probably killed during the invasion and the Greco-Bactrian kingdom proper ceased to exist.
		From around 180 BCE, Agathocles and Pantaleon, probable successors to Demetrius I in the Paropamisadae, and the earliest Greek kings to issue Indian-standard square bilingual coins (in Brahmi), depicted the Buddhist lion together with the Hindu goddess Lakshmi.
		A 2nd century BCE relief from a Buddhist stupa in Bharhut, in eastern Madhya Pradesh (today at the Indian Museum in Calcutta), represents a foreign soldier with the curly hair of a Greek and the royal headband with flowing ends of a Greek king.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FIndo-Greeks (7908 words)

	Daniel 11:1-45
		And the king of the south shall be strong, — Ptolemy I Soter, son of Lagus, declared himself king of Egypt in 306 BCE and thus founded the Ptolemaic line of rulers in the south.
		With the death of Antigonus at the battle for Ipsus in 301 BCE Seleucus had secured for himself what was previously all of Antigonus' empire.
		The second event is the desolation of the city of Jerusalem in 70 CE and is described in Daniel 7:21; 9:27; 12:7, which was preceded by the events of 66 CE when the Roman armies surrounded the city.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/dn11ss.html (8045 words)

	Chinese alchemy
		Evidence indicates that alchemy was practiced in China in the fourth century BCE by Dzou Yen.
		In 60 BCE the Emperor Susan who had became interested in the immortals and appointed a famous scholar, Lu Hsiang, as Master of Recipes to make gold and silver to prolong life.
		From deduction, it must have gradually appeared that cinnabar was not going to yield longevity and then, in typical alchemical fashion, the goal was transferred to manufacturing a drug or elixir, which underwent the same changes in color, from white to red, as the philosopher's stone of the West.
	www.themystica.com /mystica/articles/~alchemy/chinese_alchemy.html (1832 words)

	History of Iran: Seleucid Empire
		In 301 BCE, Antigonos was defeated by a coalition of other generals, and Seleucus became master of Syria as well, and in 281 BCE he took Asia Minor and the wars of the Diadochs ended.
		At the age of eighty Seleukos was murdered by a fugitive Egyptian prince, but the throne passed on to Antiochus I (281-261 BCE), his son by Persian noblewoman Apamea, and after that to his son Antiochus II (261-246 BCE), who ruled as Great Kings from Samarkhand to the Aegean Sea.
		In 140 BCE, the Seleucid king Demetrios II deciced that enough was enough and summoned whatever resources he had to check the Parthian advance.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/seleucids/seleucids.php (1832 words)

	Hanuka - Backgrounder
		In 198 B.C.E. Antiochus III, king of Syria, conquered Judea and reconfirmed the religious and national autonomy of the Jews.
		The situation changed in 175 BCE with the rise to power of Antiochus IV, Antiochus Epiphanes, in Greece.
		The resentment among the Jews grew steadily, culminating in 167 BCE with the outbreak of a revolt against Greek rule in Judea.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/festivls/hanuka/h1.html (710 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Demetrius I of Bactria
		Demetrius started the invasion of northern India from 190 BCE, following the destruction of the Mauryan dynasty by the general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then founded the new Indian Sunga dynasty (185-78 BCE).
		By ca 175 BCE, the Indo-Greeks ruled various part of northern and northwestern India until the end of the 1st century BCE, while the Sungas remained in the east.
		Demetrius I died of unknown reasons, and the date 180 BCE, is merely a suggestion aimed to allow suitable regnal periods for subsequent kings, of which there were several.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria (1055 words)

	Gay Tel-Aviv
		Around 200 BCE Jews lived as an autonomous people in the land of Israel, also referred to as Judea, which at that time was controlled by the Seleucid king of Syria.
		The Jewish people paid taxes to Syria and accepted its legal authority, and by and large were free to follow their own faith, maintain their own jobs, and engage in trade.
		By 175 BCE Antiochus IV Epiphanes ascended to the Seleucid throne.
	gaytlv.blogspot.com /2006/12/story-of-hanukah.html (768 words)

	Maccabean Revolt
		In the 330's BCE, Alexander the Great conquered all the territory from Greece to Egypt and India.
		Until 175 BCE, the Jews were under the control of a foreign government, but their day-to- day lives were not significantly affected.
		In 175 BCE a coup was carried out by Hellenized Jews with the help of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who was now the Seleucid king.
	people.smu.edu /dwatson/maccabean_revolt_001.htm (570 words)

	HOPE MIDWEEK STUDY
		Around 175 BCE Antiochus IV, who gave himself the name Epiphanes – “God made manifest,” rose to power and ruled the Selucids.
		175-172 BCE Antiochus retreats to Judea in defeat.
		The Greeks were not prepared for the anger of Mattithias, a kohen-priest from Jerusalem, who fled the decadence of the big city to live in Modi’in.
	www.hopeontheinside.org /MIDWEEKSTUDY.htm (1039 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE), the empire he had carved out was divided among his generals.
		By 175 BCE when the evil Antiokhus Epiphanes rose to the throne, Hellenism had taken root within the Jewish people.
		The Hellenists, a significant minority among the Jews drawn almost exclusively from the wealthy elite of Jerusalem and the large coastal cities, saw Greek culture as the most advanced and enlightened of the day, and turned their backs on their God and their people.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3339985,00.html (996 words)

	Catalog of Transits of Venus
		For example, Series 4 (December at Ascending Node) began in -1763 (1764 BCE) and will run through 2854 (a grazing transit) for a total of 20 transits spanning 4617 years.
		These transit families are quite analogous to the Saros series for solar and lunar eclipses.
		The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html (1731 words)

	Hanukkah In Israel: Candles, Latkes and Doughnuts
		The Jewish festival commemorates both the 164 BCE rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, Israel after its desecration by the ruling Seleucid (Syrian Greek) Kingdom, under Antiochus IV — and the re-establishment of religious freedom for the Jewish people after a period of harsh repression.
		In 167 BCE, the Temple was defiled and dedicated to the Greek god Zeus, and became the center of an idol-worshipping cult.
		In 165 BCE, a popular revolt — led by Mattathias, an elderly priest from the town of Modi'in (east of Lod), and his five sons — broke out against Seleucid rule.
	www.israelnewsagency.com /hanukkahisrael481225.html (802 words)

	Calendar, MMT & Enoch
		Second, that MMT emanates from a >tranquil period prior to 175 BCE.
		If we think of the period pre-175 bce, we have the supporters of Onias III who would be of the non-mixing view well aware of what was happening with the others -- the continuing hellenization that stimulated Antiochus IV's intervention and put first the hellenizing Jason and then Menelaus into the high priesthood.
		Mixing and fornication here have a reasonably clear context and wouldn't have had such an important role as indicated in MMT had it been written after 175 bce when more ostensibly grave problems were loosed.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1996b/msg00853.html (833 words)

	Daniel’s "Time of the End"
		In 170 BCE, following a series on intrigues by various parties attempting to gain control of the High Priesthood, Onias was murdered, thus bringing to an end the line of Zadokite priests, considered by many Jews of the time to be the only legitimate priests.
		In 168 BCE, Antiochus launched a second campaign against Egypt, but was repulsed by a Roman army.
		Under the leadership of Judas Maccabee and his family, a band of guerillas harried the Greeks, and were eventually able to secure the Temple and rededicate it in 163/4 BCE (an event still celebrated by Jews today during the holiday of Hanukkah).
	www.2think.org /hundredsheep/bible/timeoftheend.shtml (2990 words)

	SELEUCID EMPIRE
		Son of Seleukos IV (5 years old in 175), Heliodoros (Seleukos IV Minister and murderer) seized power in his name.
		Claimed to be another son of Antiochus IV, swept to power with support of Ptolemy of Egypt and Attalos of Pergamon.
		Attacked and defeated uncle Antiochus IX in 95 BCE.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/seleucidPic.htm (0 words)

	Yayoi Period History \| ema_06_package.xml
		300 BCE to 300 CE) saw the introduction of a full-scale agricultural economy into the islands of Japan.
		This economy was initially associated with immigration from the Korean Peninsula.
		Some casting of bronze and iron began in Japan by about 100 BCE, but the raw materials for both metals were introduced from Korea and China.
	www.bookrags.com /history/yayoi-period-ema-06 (1117 words)

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