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Topic: 1757 in architecture

	Introduction: Triumph of the Baroque-NGA
		Emerging in both Rome and Paris shortly after 1600, the baroque in art and architecture soon spread throughout Europe, where it prevailed for one hundred and fifty years.
		Architecture affirmed this -- through the structures and decorative programs of palaces, churches, public and government buildings, scientific and commercial buildings, and military installations.
		This exhibition brings together twenty-seven of the finest surviving architectural models made in Europe between 1600 and 1750.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2000/baroque/intro1.htm (368 words)

	Art-Toward-Architecture
		As a point of departure, for studying mural painting and its relation to architecture, I have chosen Renaissance Italy of the 14th century particularly because it was in Italy that a synthesis developed between painting and architecture.
		His intense awareness that architecture sets up certain statement of its own which dictate somewhat the partial development of a mural composition, is revealed by his reaction on being informed that the previously quoted wall dimensions were slightly off.
		All elements in architecture are composed of vertical and horizontal movements, i.e., steel mullion and glass, door frames, doors, cabinets, bricks, lights, etc. the problem in composition here is to relate the enclosure to the painting while at the same time retaining the distinctive individuality of the canvas.
	www.minschew.com /allpages/Thesis.htm (11088 words)

	Architecture in Virginia
		ARCHITECTURE in Virginia started with 'two faire rows' of houses built between 1611 and 1615 at Jamestown and three 'streets' at the city of Henrico, for the first settlers built merely shacks or huts.
		And the style of architecture called Early Republican, distinguished to the common eye by tall columns and pedimented porticos, though it derives through the sixteenth.century Italian Palladio from its original Greco-Roman sources, is principally, as an American expression, the child of Jefferson's ardent fancy.
		In general, the architecture that is Virginia's own, in right of happy adaptation to her countryside and the manners, custom, and genius of her people, is of two types.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/VAGuide/arc.html (5309 words)

	Neoclassical architecture
		In architecture, neoclassicism was the dominant style in Europe during 1750s-1850s, marked by the imitation of Greco-Roman forms.
		In France, Laugier laid the rational and geometrical groundwork for architecture; in England, neoclassical architecture interweaved with the Picturesque tradition; and Germany, under the influence from France and England, developed a national style with cultural significance.
		The architectural impact of the Picturesque was the new emphasis it placed on architecture as part of an environment.
	www.geocities.com /rr17bb/neoarch.html (2405 words)

	1757 Definition / 1757 Research
		1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
		It was sometimes referred to in diplomatic circles as the "Sublime Porte" or simply as "the Porte", due to the greeting ceremony the sultan held for foreign ambassadors at the Pa...
		1757 is a flat finish polymer deck coating.
	www.elresearch.com /1757 (944 words)

	The Architecture of Samogitian Wooden Churches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Traditions that had formed over ages were developed in the church architecture of that time; at the same time it reflected the material culture and aesthetics of its epoch.
		The architecture of Samogitian wooden churches of the period between 1830 and the end of the eight decade of the 19th century reflects the trends of romanticism.
		The sources of their architectural solutions lie in wooden secular buildings fo the end of the 19th century-the beginning of the 20th century, to be more exact, in the resort buildings.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /Samogitia/KULTURA/medbazn.en.htm (1450 words)

	[No title]
		Its architecture marks a high point of the style, and it is described in the art history books as a true masterpiece.
		Its architecture and interior are shaped by the idea of the pilgrimage, redolent with suffering, penance and salvation.
		The Wieskirche brings together architecture, imagery and stucco to form a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts; a work of art that provides a splendid setting for the miraculous image of the Virgin Mary.
	www.unesco-welterbe.de /en/presse/texte/englisch/pfaffenwinkel.doc (311 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The best-known modern Finnish architect Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) was born in Kuortane, in Southern Finland, and went to school in Jyväskylä, a city in Central Finland.
		The oldest building on the mainland is the Sederholm house (Aleksanterinkatu 18; nowadays a museum) situated on the corner of the Senate Square.
		It dates from 1757, and is the only memento from the baroque classicism of the Swedish era.
	www.aktivist.fi /inenglish/a.html (3233 words)

	NONE
		In architecture, the importation of a strictly High Renaissance manner was delayed, for when Milan became a French dependency, the richly decorated style of contemporary work in that city greatly appealed to the French, as many of the chateaux of the Loire Valley testify.
		The architectural elements which attracted Philibert were those popular in the Italian Renaissance: arrangements of superimposed Orders (which he used for the frontispiece to Anet), the triumphal arch (used in the entrance to Anet), and the centrally planned church, which provided his most impressive creation, the chapel at Anet.
		For architecture, the importance of the theories of Cordemoy and of the practice of Boffrand is that they look forward to the theory and practice of the mid-century.
	rubens.anu.edu.au /new/books_and_papers/classical_tradition_book/chap10.html (6724 words)

	Sir William Chambers
		Two years later he quitted the sea to study architecture seriously, and spent a long time in Italy, devoting special attention to the buildings of classical and Renaissance architects.
		He was employed to teach architectural drawing to the prince of Wales (later George III), and gained further professional distinction in 1759 by the publication of his Treatise of Civil Architecture.
		He began to exhibit with the Society of Artists in 1761 at Spring Gardens, and was one of the original members and treasurer of the Royal Academy when it was established in 1768.
	www.nndb.com /people/955/000104643 (716 words)

	Nature, Technology, Architecture
		In some cases, the technological also came to be seen as a threat to the natural; as the mills of the industrial revolution dirtied the air and water, many questioned the wisdom of embracing this new force.
		As the architectural historian Roger Kennedy explains, " The American Greek Revival arose as many American sensed the nation to be adrift after its heroic revolutionary accomplishments, feared its centrifugal disorder, but at the same time celebrated triumphs of their own" (3-4).
		And if we take Kennedy's pronouncement that Greek Revival architecture physically promoted and embodied a revival in American pride, especially after the war of 1812, then Philadelphia was at the center of this renewal.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA96/forrest/WW/nature.html (3798 words)

	Architecture Glossary
		Their architectural designs used the language of classical Greece and Rome as interpreted by Palladio, but with a twist.
		Asher Benjamin was born in Hartford, CT in 1773.
		Influenced by the monumental architecture of ancient Greece (9th through 4th century B.C.E.) and Rome (1st century B.C.E. through 5th century C.E.), and the buildings from the Renaissance (early 15th century to early 17th century), and Baroque (17th century to mid-18th century) periods in Europe.
	www.americancenturies.mass.edu /activities/architecture/glossary.html (3060 words)

	Russia - Architecture and Painting
		The northern cities of Novgorod and Vladimir developed distinctive architectural styles, and the tradition of painting icons, religious images usually painted on wooden panels, spread as more churches were built.
		In the nineteenth century, Russia's architecture and decorative arts combined European techniques and influences with the forms of early Russia, producing the so-called Russian Revival seen in churches, public buildings, and homes of that period.
		By the 1930s, the government was limiting all forms of artistic expression to the themes of socialist realism, forbidding abstract forms and the exhibition of foreign art for more than thirty years.
	countrystudies.us /russia/46.htm (777 words)

	History Detroit 1701-2001
		In 1755, he was a Lieutenant in the 48th Infantry Regiment.
		In 1757, he was made captain of the same (Farmer says the 80th regiment).
		In 1759, Gladwin was promoted to major by General Jeffrey Amherst who sent him to relieve Niagara in 1760.
	www.historydetroit.com /people/henry_gladwin.asp (204 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The estate became a showplace because of its pseudo-Gothic architecture, its fine library, and its collections of art and curios.
		He established a printing press there in 1757, and the fine books he produced influenced the development of English printing and bookmaking.
		Walpole dabbled in all the literary arts and made a real contribution to art history with his four-volume study Anecdotes of Painting in England (1762–71).
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..wa006900.a (269 words)

	Exploring New England Architecture
		This building was constructed in the Post Medieval English Style, a type of early American architecture tied to modest contemporary English cottages.
		This building was constructed in the Georgian Style, a type of early American architecture influenced by the classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome, the designs of Italian architect Andrea Palladio, and English architects like Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren.
		The Coleman-Hollister House, named for the first and last families to use it as a home, was built by emerging architect Asher Benjamin.
	www.memorialhall.mass.edu /activities/architecture (101 words)

	Turkish Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		During the pre-Anatolian era, one major development we come across is the spread of Islam among Turkish communities in the ninth century concurrently the transformation of the physical textures of cities.
		The typical features of the Karakhanid period architecture, examples of which are seen in the cities Bukhara, Samarkand and Merv, are the central court plans with iwan and use of domes and vault and the preference of brick and sundried brick as building materials.
		Second Period of National Architecture coincides with the rise of National Socialism in the world which was at the time highly effective in our country.
	sanat.bilkent.edu.tr /interactive.m2.org/Architecture/ceylan.html (1021 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - Recueil elementaire d'architecture
		Engravings from a comprehensive series of architectural studies of facades, floor plans, doors, columns, vases, stairways, fireplaces, fences and other features of 18th-century French architecture.
		Neufforge's great work was the Recueil élémentaire d'architecture containing roughly 900 architectural engravings, nearly all of which he both designed and engraved.
		In his designs for domestic architecture, Neufforge included models to suit every level of patron, from the most modest to the most aristocratic.
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/aanda/arch/neufforge.html (212 words)

	[No title]
		LSB Implementation Conformance 524 525 A conforming implementation is necessarily architecture 526 specific, and must provide the interfaces specified by both 527 the generic LSB Core specification and its relevant 528 architecture specific supplement.
		LSB Application Conformance 586 587 A conforming application is necessarily architecture specific, 588 and must conform to both the generic LSB Core specification 589 and its relevant architecture specific supplement.
		Interfaces for Wide Characters 1755 1756 An LSB conforming implementation shall provide the 1757 architecture specific functions for Wide Characters specified 1758 in Table 11-11, with the full mandatory functionality as 1759 described in the referenced underlying specification.
	www.linuxbase.org /spec/refspecs/LSB_3.1.0/LSB-Core-S390X/LSB-Core-S390X_lines.txt (6758 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Neo-classicism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Term coined in the 1880s to denote the last stage of the classical tradition in architecture, sculpture, painting and the decorative arts.
		Almost paradoxically, the quest for a timeless mode of expression (the ‘true style’, as it was then called) involved strongly divergent approaches towards design that were strikingly focused on the Greco-Roman debate.
		On the one hand, there was a commitment to a radical severity of expression, associated with the Platonic Ideal, as well as to such criteria as the functional and the primitive, which were particularly identified with early Greek art and architecture.
	www.artnet.com /library/06/0616/T061658.ASP (884 words)

	ArtRoots.com - For the Love of Fine Art
		The St.Petersburg State Academic Institute of Fine Arts, Sculpture and Architecture, named after I.E.Repin (of the famous Arts Academy), is the largest arts educational institution and one of the most important scientific centers in Russia.
		The duration of education at the faculties of Painting, Architecture, Sculpture and Graphic Art is 6 years and the students enter the specialized workshops after the second year of studies.
		On the 4th of November 1764 the Empress Katherine II supported the “Privilege” and the regulations of the Academy which was headed by I.I.Betskoy who held the post of president until the end of the 19th century.
	artroots.com /ra/index.html (639 words)

	John Hanson
		Born in Charles County, Maryland, on April 3, 1715, John Hanson became one of the strongest colonial advocates of independence.
		While serving in the Maryland Assembly from 1757 to 1773 he was active in raising troops and providing arms.
		In 1779 Hanson served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he helped to resolve the western lands issue, thereby facilitating the ratification of the Articles of Confederation.
	www.aoc.gov /cc/art/nsh/hanson.cfm (215 words)

	Of the all the architects that transformed the architecture of New England after the Revolution, Samuel McIntire was ...
		Of the all the architects that transformed the architecture of New England after the Revolution, Samuel McIntire was the earliest, and in many respects, the most gifted.
		Born in 1757 to Joseph and Sarah McIntire, young Samuel was the product of an accomplished line of housewrights.
		Wood was the material of choice for the majority of his architectural work, although his last designs were in brick.
	www.holycross.edu /departments/classics/wziobro/ClassicalAmerica/McIntireHP.htm (551 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alessandro Scarlatti
		His great distinction in the musical world was to have laid the foundation for the new style, afterwards brought to perfection by the most famous composers, not only of the Neapolitan school, which was in great part formed by his influence (Leo, Durante, Pergolesi), but also of Germany (Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven).
		Domenico Alessandro's eldest son was born at Naples 26 Oct., 1685 (in the baptismal register he is called Giuseppe Domenico), and died in 1757.
		The esteem in which Alessandro was held, may be seen from the fact that Domenico's godfather was the Duke of Addaloni, and his godmother the Princess of Colobrano.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13515a.htm (617 words)

	Southern History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Toward the end of the eighteenth century, when the tavern became a private residence, a two-bay addition laid in a Flemish bond, but without the glazed headers characteristic of an earlier architectural period, was added to the northwest, or left, end of the building.
		However, the town is not only distinguished by its colonial and Federal architecture, but also by its Greek revival and Italianate buildings and many later architectural interpretations of historical styles.
		Much of my architectural description is drawn from Bourne's detailed analysis of the architectural evolution and ownership of hundreds of buildings erected in Kent County prior to 1860.
	www.southernhistory.net /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=9360&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0&POSTNUKESID=c888285ccaf4e037f6f08a8aab397e91 (6441 words)

	Journeys in Time: John Watts
		From the outset Macquarie drew upon Watts' architectural experience and interest, and gave him the task of furnishing plans for a new military hospital to be erected on Flagstaff Hill (Observatory Hill) in Sydney.
		Watts' architectural work was based on plain, straightforward adaptations of Georgian models, and there is indirect evidence that he had brought a number of architectural textbooks with him to New South Wales (or had them sent out to the colony) including: Isaac Ware The Complete Body of Architecture.
		The Australian Colonial House: architecture and society in New South Wales 1788-1842.
	www.lib.mq.edu.au /all/journeys/people/profiles/watts.html (1217 words)

	Untitled Document
		This course will explore the architecture of the Islamic world from Spain to India, spanning the mid-seventh through eighteenth centuries, C.E. It will provide students with a brief background to the indigenous architectural traditions in regions as geographically diverse as South Asia and southern Europe.
		Subsequently, the course will explore the development of what is generally classified as Islamic architecture, a single category used in scholarship despite the variation of architectural traditions encompassed within it.
		Essential to this process of identification will be the awareness of strong regional traditions, and the degrees of their confluence and interaction with what was a newly coalescing cultural complex during the first thousand years of its existence.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/csas/academics/course_descript.htm (5306 words)

	Charles Cameron Architect - Part One
		The expansion of English post-Palladian architecture, after Inigo Jones, of the Georgian period, introduced by Lord Burlington and developed as a result of the teachings of Clérisseau and others since 1760-1770, does not appear to have been observed either here or on the Continent.
		Richardson, in his articles in the Architectural Review, mentions some of the palaces built by him, but does not give the dates of his return to England, or of his second journey to Russia.
		Now Clérisseau had been the chief draughtsman to the Adam Brothers in 1757 to 1762, and the influence of Adam's style on Cameron's is indeed obvious.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /cameron/one.html (3693 words)

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