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1768 in archaeology

In the News (Thu 24 May 12)

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	Tour through the Western Islands in 1768
		As I have stated, the account of the tour was communicated to the Society in 1788, but the tour itself was made twenty years earlier, namely, in 1768, and it occupied the period between the 10th of May and the 17th of October.
		I have not been able to discover who Mr James Robertson was, but the opening sentence of the narrative discloses two things: (1) that he made the tour under "directions," and (2) that he was regarded as competent to "examine the marine plants" of the west coast of Scotland.
		At the time of Robertson’s visit in 1768, the Highland dress was worn in Skye and Mull, that is, "the bonnet, short coat, kilt, hose, and brogs." But in both islands, he says that the plaid had gone out of fashion.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/articles/1768tour.htm (3144 words)

	ANU Handbook - School of Archaeology & Anthropology
		Archaeology and Anthropology are both concerned with discovering and analysing the variety of human cultural adaptations and societies -- the one in the past, the other in the present.
		Archaeology may be briefly defined as the study of the human past from its material remains.
		Thematic later-year units include the archaeology of culture contact, archaeological studies of gender, the organisation of ancient and modern agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, the processes that form the archaeological record, environmental archaeology, understanding early technologies, landscape archaeology, the history of archaeology, and field and laboratory methods.
	www.anu.edu.au /sas/handbook/archanth.html (11458 words)

	A Monumental Mandate
		Among the former were the National Museum of Archaeology, the Inquisitor's Palace, the Museum of Fine Arts, National War Museum, and National Museum of Natural History (all on Malta) and the Museum of Archaeology, Natural Science Museum, Old Prison, and The Armoury (on Gozo).
		Heritage Malta was also immediately faced with several large projects, such as the moving of its offices from the National Museum of Archaeology to new digs on Valletta's Merchants Street, to a comprehensive upgrade of conservation and facilities at the Tarxien megalithic temple complex, to a complete revamp of the "Roman Villa" museum.
		The old headquarters was in upper level rooms of the National Museum of Archaeology, which occupies the Auberge de Provence, the residence of the Knights who came from Provence.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/malta/index.html (2293 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Noble W. Jones (ca. 1723-1805)
		NGE >> History and Archaeology >> Revolution and Early Republic, 1775-1800 >> People >> Noble W. Jones (ca.
		His most conspicuous service began in the mid-1760s, as controversies erupted over such British taxation measures as the Stamp Act and royal governor Sir James Wright frequently dissolved the lower house.
		In 1768 Jones was first elected Speaker of the Commons House and was instrumental in the appointment of Benjamin Franklin to act as Georgia's colonial agent in London to convey Georgia's protests to Parliament.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/RevolutionaryEra/People-5&id=h-679 (919 words)

	Delaware Department of Transportation - Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The town of Stanton, in New Castle County, Delaware, was founded sometime between 1708 and 1768, near the confluence of White Clay and Red Clay Creeks.
		The first official record of a town at that location is a 1768 petition which refers to the town as ‘Cuckoldstown’.
		The town was situated in the vicinity of land that had been used as a mill seat as early as 1679.
	www.deldot.net /static/projects/archaeology/archives/D032.shtml (417 words)

	Archaeology : An Introduction - An Online Companion © Kevin Greene 2002 ::: Chapter 1
		The emergence of prehistoric archaeology in the nineteenth century, although it relied heavily upon natural sciences such as geology and biology, was a remarkable episode that changed people's ideas about themselves.
		The archaeology of Scandinavia is particularly rich in finely made artefacts dating from the prehistoric to Viking periods, and many of them are found in good condition in graves.
		He reported flint weapons found at a depth of twelve feet in a layer of gravel, overlain by a bed of sand containing bones of extinct animals and, remarkably, shells and remains of marine creatures 'which may be conjectured to have been once the bottom, or at least the shore, of the sea'.
	www.staff.ncl.ac.uk /kevin.greene/wintro/chap1.htm (3539 words)

	[No title]
		The opinions expressed and the language used do not reflect the opinions or standards of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, but are, rather, indicative of thought in that historical moment during which the documents were published.
		THOMAS HUTCHINS TO GEN. HALDIMAND, (Fort Chartres, Nov. 15, 1768), Hutchins, Thomas in: Dunn, Jacob Piatt, ed., Documents relating to the French Settlements on the Wabash, Indiana Historical Society Publications, vol.
		LETTER TO GAGE, (Johnson Hall, Nov. 18, 1768), Johnson, Sir William in: The Papers of Sir William Johnson, vol.
	www.gbl.indiana.edu /archives/miamis18/miamitoc20.html (1068 words)

	Issues in Ethnicity, Folk Religion and Symbolism
		The clay figure of a skull discussed in this analysis is now on display as part of a permanant exhibit, entitled The Story of Virginia, at the Virginia Historical Society Museum in Richmond, Virginia.
		Peter was born in 1768 and died in 1843; Mary was born in 1769 and died in 1849.
		Fairly extensive evidence is available from oral histories, slave narratives, and other studies in folklore and archaeology to support the interpretation that this skull was produced in accordance with African American traditions of folk religion.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /users/fennell/highland/harper/symbol.html (5903 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - Discovering the Decades: 1760s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The young town of Alexandria entered a new decade with high expectations; Great Britain had all but won the war against France, the frontier was relatively secure, and local industry and trade was picking up.
		Patrick Henry was particularly vocal in the Virginia House of Burgesses, and other colonists instituted boycotts of British products with a cry of "No taxation without representation." The boycotts had their desired effect, as did the sometimes violent protests in New England.
		Locally, William Ramsay rejoiced at the March 1768 revocation of the Stamp Act.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/decades/ar-decades-1760.html (1994 words)

	Encyclopedia
		As a critic Lessing is noted for his writings on drama, literature, art, archaeology, and theology.
		As an archaeologist Lessing is known for Briefe Antiquarische (Letters on Archaeology, 1768–69), and Wie die Alten den Tod Gebildet (How the Ancients Depicted Death, 1769).
		As a theologian he is known for Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts (The Education of the Human Race, 1780).
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..le047200.a#FWNE.fw..le047200.a (792 words)

	FtDesha
		Later that year, Ensign Grandcour begins his tour of duty as commandant, which lasts until 1768 (Andres 1987).
		1768 Ulloa is expelled by a rebellion in New Orleans (Arnold 1985:44).
		1768 sees the last official mention of a notorious Arkansas riverman known as "La Jeunesse" (Andres 1987).
	www.deltaarchaeology.us /ftdesha.htm (9924 words)

	Archaeology - Office of Cultural & Historical Programs
		Plans for agricultural ventures especially were interesting to the Crown, since they had been successful in the colonies of Virginia and Carolina.
		In 1768, London physician Andrew Turnbull imported more than a thousand Greek, Italian, and Minorcan indentured servants to a site on the Mosquito Inlet about 75 miles south of St. Augustine and named the new settlement after the birthplace of his Greek wife.
		The sheer size of this ambitious project, disturbances among the settlers, Britain's loss in the American Revolution, and the transfer of Florida back to Spain caused New Smyrna to fail as an indigo, hemp, and cotton plantation.
	dhr.dos.state.fl.us /archaeology/underwater/maritime/ports/port.cfm?name=New_Smyrna (239 words)

	Links: Nautical Archaeology
		Archaeology & Maritime History, from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		A collaborative nautical archaeology research project between the Department of Archaeology at the University of Stockholm and the University of Southampton.
		The Krogen project, a collaborative nautical archaeology research project between the Department of Archaeology at the University of Stockholm and the University of Southampton involving the recording of the wreck of the early 19th century English brig Severn.
	www.bruzelius.info /Nautica/Links/Nautical_Archaeology.html (1200 words)

	[No title]
		Given the uncertainty of the availability of federal funds, it is premature to require that the expenditure be limited to equipment standards placed in statute given that the existing Public Safety Radio Strategic Planning Committee is developing a statewide solution for radio interoperability systems for all first responders.
		It is my preference that instead of being restrictive, the State in its procurements should maximize the use of business competition, thereby ensuring reasonable cost to the State and acquisition of proven, established, stable technology and equipment.
		The facts constituting the necessity are: In order to make the necessary statutory changes to implement the Budget Act of 2002 at the earliest possible time, it is necessary that this act take effect immediately.
	info.sen.ca.gov /pub/01-02/statute/ch_1101-1150/ch_1127_st_2002_ab_1768 (4164 words)

	Richard Henry Lee
		The signing of the Westmoreland Resolves was one of the first deliberate acts of sedition against the Crown and one that placed both Richard Henry and the state of Virginia at the vanguard of the coming revolution.
		In 1768, Richard Henry proposed the systematic interchange of information between the colonies.
		As a result, the Committees of Correspondence were formed and became a major force uniting the Americans in their desire for independence.
	www.stratfordhall.org /richardh.html (604 words)

	FLMNH - Historical Archaeology - Current Research Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		1982 The archaeology of a territorial period boarding house in St. Augustine.
		1975 The archaeology of a mestizo household, SA-16-23.
		In Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Community, K. Deagan, pp.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /histarch/read_staugustine.htm (1134 words)

	Newswise
		Divers from the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project, led by Kerry Lynch, conducted numerous reconnaissance dives and confirmed that three of the four targets in a crescent shape on the harbor floor were 18th century shipwrecks and two targets closer to the Newport Bridge represented another shipwreck and a large anchor.
		According to the historical detective work conducted by Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project Director Kathy Abbass, the British sunk the transports to protect their stronghold in Newport against a French fleet that sailed into Narragansett Bay in July and August of 1778.
		The URI team has worked cooperatively with the Marine Archaeology Project for seven years on this and related projects, including surveys and investigations of at least three other British warships lost at the same time as the transports.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/520536 (589 words)

	Talk History Forum - A rich Greek archaeology frontier lying on the seabed
		The recent discovery of the remains of a shipwrecked fourth-century BC vessel, nicknamed Kythnos I after the Greek island near which it was found, is the latest example of the archaeological riches still submerged in Greek waters.
		Another group of researchers, the Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (IENAE), has been providing expertise in underwater archaeology for the past 30 years, thanks to both state and private funds.
		IENAE’s most important discoveries to date include two shipwrecks from the 23rd and 13th centuries BC, found in the 1990s in the Gulf of Argolid in the northeastern Peloponnese.
	www.talk-history.com /forum/printthread.php?t=1768 (560 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Edward Telfair (1735-1807)
		NGE >> History and Archaeology >> Revolution and Early Republic, 1775-1800 >> People >> Edward Telfair (1735-1807)
		In 1768 he was elected to the Commons House of Assembly as a delegate from St. Paul Parish, where he owned land.
		He became involved in the Revolutionary struggle (1775-83) against England's King George III and joined the Sons of Liberty, a group of artisans and shopkeepers who protested the Stamp Act and other royal declarations.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2831 (1211 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Archibald Bulloch (1730-1777)
		NGE >> History and Archaeology >> Colonial Era, 1733-1775 >> People >> Archibald Bulloch (1730-1777)
		Bulloch resumed his political career in his new state and quickly became a leader of the Liberty Party, guiding it during the resistance to the oppressive measures of the British colonial government.
		He was one of seven Liberty Party candidates elected to the Commons House of Assembly in the pivotal election of 1768.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/ColonialEraTrusteePeriod/People-4&id=h-682 (613 words)

	British 'Firsts'
		At first the machine, patented in 1770, could operate 16 spindles at the same time, and, less than 15 years later, 80 spindles could be used.
		1768 Richard Arkwright, English inventor and manufacturing pioneer who developed a machine for spinning cotton (he called it a `water frame´) in 1768.
		He introduced aerial survey as a means of finding and interpreting remains, an idea conceived during World War I. A leading field archaeologist, he was the first archaeology officer of the Ordnance Survey 1920-46.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/firsts.htm (6864 words)

	History of Mexico - The State of Zacatecas
		A period of great prosperity from 1690 to 1752 was followed by a period of economic depression in which the value of silver dropped.
		However, in 1768, the silver industry rallied and the next period of expansion lasted until 1810.
		This period of prosperity led to a significant increase in the population of the city of Zacatecas from 15,000 in 1777 to 33,000 in 1803.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/zacatecas.html (2084 words)

	Introduction to Archaeology (ANTH 110/310)
		Brought scientific archaeology to India and Pakistan, and excavated ancient Indus civilization cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in 1940's.
		Raymond Dart - responsible for discovery of Australopithecus in 1924.
		Walter W. Taylor - author of A Study of Archaeology (1948), a work which laid the theoretical foundations for the "new archaeology" promoted by Lewis Binford in the 1960's.
	web.ku.edu /~hoopes/history.html (2559 words)

	Do fundo do mar... Sea bottom: Could be years before Endeavour is positively identified
		The head of the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project, Kathy Abbas, says they have to find several other ships that were sunk in 1778 before they confirm anything.
		Historically, the finding is significant because it helps tell the story of the siege of Newport - marking France's first attempt to aid the American insurrection against the British.
		The material is being made available in an effort to advance understanding in Underwater Archaeology and Maritime Nautical Heritage, for non-profit research and educational purposes only.
	dofundodomar.blogspot.com /2006/05/could-be-years-before-endeavour-is.html (504 words)

	Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society
		The morning was devoted to ‘traditional archaeology’, with talks on an early Neolithic burial from Yabsley Street, Blackwall; a Roman building complex at Shadwell; the archaeology of Roman Enfield and recent Roman finds from Tabard Street, Southwark.
		If that is not industrial archaeology, I don’t know what is! His second example, across the Albert Embankment, was of cesspits which were filled with imported fill after the introduction of London’s sewerage system in the 1850s.
		Jeffries is running a project seeking to construct a database of the contents of pit groups, such as the one in the previous talk, and relate it to the social profile of the area, trades and professions and the census, street by street and chronologically.
	www.glias.org.uk /news/212news.html (6023 words)

	Old Fort Niagara e-archaeology
		Unit 4 was placed inside the British 1768 palisade walls to uncover material cultural remains left inside of the parade ground.
		Our unit was located where we expected to find the foundation of the west wall of the Officer's Guardhouse built in 1768, during the British occupation period 1759 - 1796.
		Because of evidence found in units to the east of Unit 5, it appears that Unit 5 was within the 1768 palisade and possibly may have been a refuse area due to the large amounts of broken glass, ceramic sherds, and faunal remains deposited.
	fortniagara.buffalo.edu /reports.htm (12635 words)

	Shepard Archaeology Site
		In a 1768 division of the estate, widow Mehitable was given seventeen acres of land, and a part of the home, specifically, “the southwest room in the dwelling with chamber and cellar and a convenient yard for firewood.” This certainly sounds like one half of the one story house depicted on the Godsoe plan.
		Although the estate was divided among the heirs, the majority of the property, including the homestead, went to the oldest son, Mark Shepard.
		In April and May 2002 extensive archaeological monitoring and salvage excavation was carried out on part of the John Shepard Archaeology Site (ME 226-22)in Kittery, prior to development of the site.
	w3.salemstate.edu /~ebaker/shepardsite.html (3771 words)

	Cave Paintings of Baja California
		The most that has been found out is that [the paintings] are of their ancestors and that those of today are completely ignorant of the meaning.
		As Meighan observed, the comments of the missionaries to which Clavigero refers must predate 1768, the year the Jesuits were expelled when Spanish lands were closed to the order.
		A 40-foot-long painted area at Cueva del Ratón includes a human figure with a fl face patch, deer, and a mountain lion.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/baja (2194 words)

	Hellenic Forums Omogenia - YASOU - Hellenism: Prince of Athens
		The Prince has committed much of his life since he first studied archaeology at Cambridge to the principle that the best understanding of the past leads to the best of the present.
		Following the example of Edward VII who, as Prince of Wales, was instrumental in establishing the school in 1886, Prince Charles is a patron of the school today and of its appeal for funds to advance and broaden its work.
		The French and German pedagogues had already established their schools of archaeology at Athens and Rome.
	www.omogenia.com /forums/showthreaded.php?Number=1768&page=92 (485 words)

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