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Topic: 180th Meridian

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	Navis.gr - Latitude and Longitude
		Longitude is seen to be a measure of the angle between the planes of two meridian circles, one of which is the prime meridian.
		Lines of longitude are numbered east of the prime meridian from 0 to 180 east longitude and west from 0 to 180 west longitude.
		Before a prime meridian was agreed upon, map makers usually began numbering the lines of longitude on their maps at whichever meridian passed through the site of their national observatory.
	www.navis.gr /marinav/latlong.htm (2245 words)

	PM-ESIP - Projections
		Bounding meridians are evenly divisible by 6°, and zones are numbered from 1 to 60 proceeding east from the 180th meridian from Greenwich with minor exceptions.
		The non-central meridians are drawn from pole to pole, intersecting the meridians at the proper point.
		Since the spacings on the parallels are proportional to the cosine of the latitude, and since parallels are equally spaced, the meridians form curves which may be called cosine, sine, or sinusoidal curves; hence, the name of the projection.
	pm-esip.msfc.nasa.gov /PME_Projections.html (652 words)

	Oblique Meridian Formula
		When we have the Rx of +1.00 +1.00 x 180, on the 180 meridian, which is 0 degrees away from the axis of 180, none of the cylinder power is present.
		Well, that is exactly what it is. The spherical equivalent, which is the average of the two major meridian powers, is the approximate power halfway between the major meridians, or 45 degrees away from the axis of the prescription.
		On the 135 meridian, which is 90 degrees away from the axis of 45 we have 1 times the cylinder power plus the sphere power.
	www.nfos.org /degree/opt11/module_10a.html (2110 words)

	Mar14Group4.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Meridian - geographically, when 2 places are exactly aligned along the north-south direction, they have the same solar time, because they see the sun forming the same hour angle with the noon position.
		The 180th meridian is exactly halfway around the world from Greenwich, England.
		At noon at the Prime Meridian as you travel to the west, you lose one hour at every new time zone you encounter while as you travel to the east, you gain one hour at every new time zone.
	merlin.alfred.edu /muller/FormerPhysWorld/PhysWorld01/Mar14/TimeZonesGroup4.htm (838 words)

	Geography - The Earth As A Planet
		It is the meridian that passes through London (England) that has been agreed upon as the starting-place for measuring distances east and west on the earth.
		As it is the same distance to the east or to the west of the First Meridian, it is simply called the 180th meridian.
		They are: (a) That part of the earth north of the equator and west of the First Meridian as far as the 180th meridian.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/geography-13.shtml (7828 words)

	Prentice's rule answers
		On the 90th meridian for this Rx there is no cylinder power present, and the power is +5.00.
		On the 180th meridian for this Rx there is 100% cylinder power present, and the power is +3.50.
		On the 90th meridian for this Rx there is 50% cylinder power present, and the power is -11.37.
	www.nfos.org /degree/opt11/answers_13a.html (398 words)

	Lecture 1 Introduction
		meridian is number 12 and that the time at this meridian is therefore 12 hours later than Greenwich time.
		Meridians are straight lines radiating outward form the pole, and parallels are nested circles centered on the pole.
		Meridians are evenly spaced, bu the spacing between parallels increases at higher latitude so that the spacing at 60 is double that at the equator.
	www.d.umn.edu /~tzhu/geog1414/Lecture1.htm (1822 words)

	* Equator - (GIS): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tangent or secant to a meridian is the aspect.
		The zones are numbered from 1 to 60 eastward, beginning at the 180th meridian.
		A transverse cylindric projection uses a meridian of longitude as its central meridian...
	www.mimihu.com /gis/equator.html (1071 words)

	Augusta Georgia: features@ugusta: Tropical paradise 10/03/99
		The 180th meridian cuts through this group of islands in the South Pacific, so -- theoretically -- when it's 1999 on one side, it will be 2000 on the other.
		As we studied the unimpressive sign that marks the 180th meridian, a group of about 20 children who were playing in the shallow water cast shy glances in our direction.
		Our midpriced hotel was less than a mile from the 180th meridian, but all of Fiji shares the same time zone because the International Dateline has been drawn to swing east of the country.
	www.augustachronicle.com /stories/100399/fea_LC0321-0.000.shtml (1838 words)

	Project NOVA
		Longitude measurements can range from zero to 180 degrees to the east or to the west (that is from the Prime Meridian to the 180th meridian in each direction).
		The meridians are half-circles (composed of 180 degrees) that intersect at the North and South Poles.
		The distance between meridians is shorter the farther we travel north or south of the equator.
	www.uncfsu.edu /msec/nova/timmod1d.htm (820 words)

	unit 11
		at the 90th east and west meridians and thus have divided the earth
		We turn the prime meridian towards the sun.
		meridian and at the 180th meridian we now have spring tide.
	www.tellurium.de /down/eng/unit_11.htm (427 words)

	Fiji and the 180th Meridian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Meridian is directly opposite and therefore exactly 12 hours ahead of the 0 Meridian at Greenwich (GMT), established in 1884.
		Without a doubt, this 180th Meridian is the line where each day starts and ends, regardless of daylight saving.
		It is here where the 180th Meridian crosses land, as it does in Fiji and Siberia only.
	www.millenniumfiji.com /180.html (190 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because of its peculiar properties of 180th meridian, it was designated the International Date Line by the International Meridian Conference held in Washington D.C. in 1884.
		The interval of time required for 360 degrees of rotation of the earth, causing a given star to return to exactly the same position in the sky, is 23 hours 56 minutes 4.09 seconds of mean solar time and is known as the sidereal day.
		Directly opposite this meridian, on the other side of the globe, is the mid-night meridian.
	cas.memphis.edu /~hkung/geog1010/Lecture3-Time.DOC (982 words)

	Universal Transverse Mercator Military Grid
		Starting at the 180th meridian and progressing eastward by the compass, the earth’s surface is divided into a succession of north-south zones, each extending for 6 degrees of longitude.
		Beginning at the 180th meridian and proceeding eastward, you will find six columns of full squares in each 6-degree zone.
		The location of a particular point within a 100,000-meter square is given by naming the grid coordinates of the 100-meter square (or, for more precise location, of the 10-meter square) in which the point lies.
	www.tpub.com /inteng/9h.htm (1111 words)

	Latitude and Longitude
		A lines of longitude is also called a meridian, derived from the Latin, from meri, a variation of "medius" which denotes "middle", and diem, meaning "day." The word once meant "noon", and times of the day before noon were known as "ante meridian", while times after it were "post meridian." Today's abbreviations a.m.
		All points on the same line of longitude experienced noon (and any other hour) at the same time and were therefore said to be on the same "meridian line", which became "meridian" for short.
		On Earth, the equator is divided into 360 degrees, with the zero meridian passing Greenwich and with the longitude angle φ measured east or west of Greenwich, depending on where the corresponding meridian meets the equator.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Slatlong.htm (1718 words)

	The GIS Primer - Nature of Geographic Information
		Coordinates are recorded relative to the central meridian in metres in a particular zone.
		The central meridian for zone 11 is 117° longitude.
		The central meridian for zone 12 is 111° longitude.
	www.innovativegis.com /basis/primer/nature.html (2543 words)

	Potato Worlds
		Next, determine a "prime meridian" and draw a line perpendicular to the equator that intersects both poles in the same color you used for your equator.
		The 180th meridian should lie on the reverse side of your potato world at exactly half the distance around the potato at all points from your "prime meridian." This line, and all other lines of longitude will be drawn using the second color of ink.You will also draw these lines at 15 degree intervals.
		Measure the distance between the prime meridian and 180th meridian.
	btc.montana.edu /ceres/Worlds/Landform/potato.htm (1003 words)

	Nautical time and civil date
		The earliest maps on which he was able to find the Greenwich meridian as the origin of longitudes were two charts attached to the 'Description of the Sea Coast,' by Fearon and Eyes in 1738, and the 'Survey of the County of Oxford,' by Thos.
		The meridian of Greenwich was used in the magnificent collection of charts, the 'Atlantic Neptune,' published from 1777 onwards: and thereafter it soon superseded all others in English maps and charts.
		In default of better information we may without serious error (in days of sail) take the recorded hour as in the apparent time of the meridian of longitude mentioned in the account, and for form's sake apply the equation of time to reduce to civil time of the meridian.
	www.aandc.org /research/nautical_time_and_date.html (2104 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Prime Meridian
		Prime Meridian, the meridian, or line of longitude, that is designated 0° longitude and from which the longitude of all points on the surface of the...
		International Date Line, irregular line drawn on the map of the Pacific Ocean, near, and in many places coincident with, the 180th meridian.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Prime_Meridian.html (179 words)

	GMT - a Whatis.com definition - see also: Coordinated Universal Time, UTC, CUT, Universal Time Coordinated, Universal ...
		(The prime meridian is 0° longitude in the 360 lines of longitude on Earth.
		There are 179 meridians toward the East and 179 toward the West.
		The 180th meridian is also called the International Date Line.) The prime meridian is arbitrarily based on the meridian that runs through the Greenwich Observatory outside of London, where the present system originated.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213612,00.html (313 words)

	George F. Cram Company - Lesson Plans - Globe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Find the 180th meridian on your globe It is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
		Between the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line, there are 180° of west longitude and 180° of east longitude.
		Meridians are lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
	www.georgefcram.com /education/lgl.html (2389 words)

	[No title]
		The 24 time meridians of the earth begin with the 0º or prime meridian near Greenwich, England, and continue 15º east and west of the prime meridian to the 180th meridian, halfway around the world from 0º.
		PROCEDURE In this exercise we shall assume that the time is 6 P.M. Monday at the 0º or prime meridian and we shall proceed to find the time and day at all other time meridians around the world.
		The same meridian also appears at the western end of this map and should show the same time and day, of course.
	www.fhs.d211.org /departments/science/jadcock/Worksheets/TimeDateAroundWorld.JA.doc (689 words)

	The International Dateline and Halacha
		meridian in the Pacific Ocean that goes through the Bering Strait (between Alaska and Russia), which is half way around the world from Greenwich, England.
		The modern question, as to the location of the Halachic Date Line, was presented to the Chazon Ish in a letter sent to him in Israel in 1941 by students of Mir and Chachmei Lublin that fled from Europe to Japan.
		The students knew that according to the Baal Hamaor the Halachic Date Line is on the 125E meridian and Japan is on the 140E meridian.
	www.koltorah.org /ravj/The%20International%20Date%20Line%20and%20Halacha.htm (2763 words)

	Geography Glossary - EnchantedLearning.com
		A central meridian is a meridian that passes through the center of a projection.
		The central meridian is often a straight line that is an axis of symmetry of the projection.
		A meridian is a circular arc (a great circle) of longitude that meets at the north and south poles and connects all places of the same longitude.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /geography/glossary (2977 words)

	Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The 180th Meridian of longitude bisects the Alaska Maritime Refuge’s lands in the Aleutian Islands.
		Amatignak Island is 179°10’ West Longitude in the Western Hemisphere and across the waters of Amchitka Pass, Semisopochnoi Island is 179°40’ East Longitude in the Eastern Hemisphere.
		Matthew, one of the refuge's most prolific seabird islands, is the most remote spot in Alaska, 209 miles from the nearest village of Mekoryuk according to science writer Ned Rozell.
	www.r7.fws.gov /nwr/akmar/howbig.htm (261 words)

	Alaska Office of Economic Development
		The 180th meridian, (halfway around the world from the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England) is the global dividing line between all eastern and western longitudes and happens to pass through Alaska's Aleutian Island chain.
		Only 70 miles away, in a westerly direction but on the other side of the meridian, is Pochnoi Point on Semisopochnoi Island, with the most easterly longitude of 179° 46' east.
		The chain continues in a westerly direction for approximately another 300 miles to Cape Wrangell on Attu Island, which is the farthest piece of land that one can travel to in a westerly direction in the state.
	www.dced.state.ak.us /oed/student_info/learn/aboutgeography.htm (578 words)

	Information on Metadata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Longitudes east of the prime meridian shall be specified by a plus sign (+), or by the absence of a minus sign (-), preceding the three digits designating degrees of longitude.
		A point on the prime meridian shall be assigned to the Eastern Hemisphere.
		A point on the 180th meridian shall be assigned to the Western Hemisphere.
	biology.usgs.gov /fgdc.metadata/version2/metadata2.htm (2114 words)

	1
		In geography, the reference system is the glob grid of parallels of latitude north or south of the equator and of meridians of longitude east or west of a prime meridian.
		Absolute globe locations are cited in degrees, minutes, and (for greater precision) seconds of latitude and longitude north or south and east or west of the equatorial and prime meridian base lines.
		The culture stage of the early postglacial period, during which the earliest stages of domestication of animals and plants occurred, refined and specialized tools were developed, pottery was produced, and semi-permanent settlements were established as climate change reduced the game-animal herds earlier followed for food.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/grg/sanders/GRG305/glossary.htm (12286 words)

	Tonga on the 'NET - How Tonga became 'The Land Where Time Begins'
		As a result, bringing order out of chaos through instituting a system of standard time was discussed by the principal commercial nations during the 1870s.
		This climaxed in the Washington Meridian Conference of 1884, which divided the Earth into 24 standard meridians 15 degrees apart in longitude counted west from the Royal Obsevatory at Greenwich, England.
		The parallel of 180 (12 hours in advance of Greenwich) became the basis for the line at which countries immediately to the west would become one day ahead of those to the east.
	www.tongatapu.net.to /tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm (500 words)

	Southwest Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Southwestern Islands includes the tip of the Alaska peninsula (Cold Bay), the islands in the Bering Sea (St Paul) and the Aleutian chain (Adak, Shemya, and Attu), stretching across the 180th meridian toward Siberia.
		Southwestern is the most maritime region of the state, and the most dependant on military and Coast Guard stations for formal weather reports, especially in the Aleutians themselves.
		Since the Aleutians stretch more than 30 degrees of longitude west of that meridian, solar noon can be more than 2 hours after clock noon.
	climate.gi.alaska.edu /history/aleutians.html (412 words)

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