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Topic: 1822 in archaeology

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	Archaeology
		But although archaeology uses extensively the methods, techniques, and results of the physical and biological sciences, it is not a natural science; some consider it a discipline that is half science and half humanity.
		Archaeology proper began with an interest in the Greeks and Romans and first developed in 18th-century Italy with the excavations of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
		The development of scientific archaeology in 19th-century Europe from the antiquarianism and treasure collecting of the previous three centuries was due to three things: a geological revolution, an antiquarian revolution, and the propagation of the doctrine of evolution.
	www.crystalinks.com /arch.html (4140 words)

	1822 Definition / 1822 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Because Greek was well known, the stone was the key to deciphering the hieroglyphs in 1822 by Jean-François Champollion, and in 1823 by Thomas Young.
		1822 is a two part test, which identifies the particle size that penetrates the HEPA filter most easily.
		1822 is a carboxyl modified pressure sensitive emulsion with moderate tack, peel and shear strength performance.
	www.elresearch.com /1822 (1617 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christian Archaeology
		Christian archaeology is that branch of the science of archaeology the object of which is the study of ancient Christian monuments.
		The principal aim of Christian archaeology, as indicated, is to ascertain all that is possible relative to the manners and customs of the early Christians from the monuments of Christian antiquity.
		As a consequence of this difficulty, differences of opinion exist among archaeologists as to the chronological limits to be assigned to Christian archaeology.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03705a.htm (4419 words)

	African-American Archaeology Newsletter, Spring 1998
		Archaeology's contributions to the new evidence and new interpretations of slave life will mean little if it is not put into play within the world at large.
		Archaeology's role in reconstructing the story of the African diaspora is in keeping with the discipline of archaeology's well established place in the minds of the public.
		Our audience sees the function of archaeology to be the recovery of lost and hidden evidence about the human past, the rescue of cultural treasures, and answering, or at least attempting to answer, nagging questions about what really went on in the past.
	www.diaspora.uiuc.edu /A-AAnewsletter/newsletter21.html (8376 words)

	The Bible and Archaeology
		Archaeology supplies means for understanding many of the biblical situations(;) it adds the dimension of reality to pictures that otherwise would be strange and somewhat unreal, and therefore it provides an element of credibility.
		Archaeology, by supplying him with material remains from biblical times and places, and by interpreting these data, provides a context of reality for the biblical story and reasonability for biblical faith" (1979, Vol.
		Determined to undermine the historical accuracy of the Bible, he studied archaeology with the aim of disproving the biblical account.
	www.ucgstp.org /lit/gn/gn004/gn004f05.htm (3370 words)

	archaeology
		Archaeology students and their professor at Augusta State University are busy digging up the past, as they unearth a cistern near Fanning Hall, one of campus’ oldest buildings.
		Dr. Chris Murphy, professor of history and anthropology, is leading students on the dig, searching for artifacts relating to the former Augusta Arsenal, the area’s previous tenant.
		May is National Archaeology Month, and the Augusta Archaeological Society is sponsoring an Artifact Identification Day on Saturday, May 25, from 9 a.m.
	www.aug.edu /public_information_and_publications/may02/digs.html (274 words)

	CH120: Biblical Archaeology
		Archaeology supports at most the general background of the Bible and some relatively recent details.
		In particular, archaeology does not support anything about creation, the Flood, or the conquest of the Holy Land.
		Many claims that archaeology supports the Bible, especially earlier ones, were based on the scientists trying to force the evidence to fit their own preconceptions.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CH/CH120.html (229 words)

	Archaeology in Indiana -- the Early Years
		MacLean conducted excavations in 1926 and 1927 at the Albee Mound, Sullivan County.
		His legacy to archaeology remains in many ways, including the continued support of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology at Indiana University by an endowment.
		The future of archaeology in Indiana is promising as institutions, governments, and the public gain a better understanding of its role and contributions to historical and scientific knowledge.
	www.statelib.lib.in.us /www/ihb/publications/archbegin.html (1252 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: John Macpherson Berrien (1781-1856)
		During the War of 1812 (1812-15), he was a captain in the Chatham Light Dragoons and later a colonel in the First Georgia Cavalry.
		In 1822 and 1823 John Berrien represented Chatham County in the Georgia senate.
		In 1825 the Georgia legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate, where he proved himself an eloquent debater on a number of the era's great issues.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3239 (751 words)

	The Trial in Rome
		ARCHAEOLOGY asked Andrew L. Slayman, who covered this story in his 1998 pieces "The Looting of Italy" and "Geneva Seizure" to bring it up to date.
		The Carabinieri later described Medici as "the real 'mastermind' of much of the illegal traffic in archaeological objects." In a 1998 letter to ARCHAEOLOGY, Medici denied the Carabinieri's charges and asserted that the objects seized in Geneva were of lawful origin.
		Archaeology asks Malcolm Bell, AIA vice president for professional responsibilities and a professor at the University of Virginia, in an interview, "Spinning Tales."
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/italytrial (7054 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Archaeology, Christian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		That branch of the science of archaeology which has for its ultimate object the study of ancient Christian life, as inferred from the remains of the Christian monuments (supplemented by literature, objects of art, etc.) erected during the first six centuries of the Christian era.
		(1575-1629) Known as the Columbus of the Catacombs and the Father of Christian Archaeology, was the first to begin the systematic exploration of the Roman cemeteries.
		(1813-1872) Gave a course of archaeology at the preparatory seminary at Tours and made researches that entitle him to be considered a veritable pioneer in France of the science of Christian archaeology.
	www.sjsoftware.org /ncd00723.htm (859 words)

	Tennessee Anthropologist -- Abtracts :: Tennessee Archaeology Network
		The history of the Survey's involvement in local and state archaeology is outlined, as is the repercussions on Adena archaeology that have resulted from Funkhouser and Webb's rather uncritical use of the site locations depicted without the accompanying written commentaries by William N. Linney.
		Because of the public's fascination with archaeology, it is crucial that we reach people at a young age, so that their interest and activities in the discipline can be channeled along productive lines.
		A more regional and temporally sensitive approach to plantation archaeology is advocated, to allow for analysis of variability between plantations of different regions, sizes, and periods.
	www.mtsu.edu /~kesmith/TNARCH/Publications/TAAAbstracts.html (19603 words)

	XV. Scholars, Antiquaries and Bibliographers: Bibliography. Vol. 12. The Romantic Revival. The Cambridge History of ...
		Stobaei florilegium, 4 vols., 1822; Leipzig, 1822–5; eclogae physicae et ethicae.
		Researches in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Comparative Philology, Mythology, and Archaeology, in connection with the Origin of Culture in America and the Accad or Sumerian Families, 1875.
		The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, 1851.
	www.bartleby.com /222/1500.html (9610 words)

	What is Archaeology?
		A commentary by Kris Hirst on the development of archaeology from the earliest treasure hunters to the development of scientific technique.
		He looks at (amongst other things) the earliest days of archaeology in the 18th century, the beginnings of civilisation, the relationship between archaeology and the state, and new perspectives in archaeology.
		A poll conducted for the Society of American Archaeology in 2000 finds, amongst other things, that most Americans support the goals and practice of archaeology, endorse laws protecting archaeological sites and artifacts, and think archaeology is important to today's society...
	www.gla.ac.uk /archaeology/resources/archcont/whatis.html (523 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
		Biblical archaeology is that area of archaeology which throws light upon our understanding of the Bible.
		As such, Biblical archaeology will be primarily restricted to the study of the culture and history of the Middle East and the Mediterranean world - that area which served as the historical context for the Bible.
		In 1822, he used this as the key to deciphering the mystery of the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/theology/01intro.html (2891 words)

	Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Society for American Archaeology (SAA) considers archaeology to be a "cooperative undertaking involving a variety of scientific disciplines to illumine the unwritten history-the record-of past people".
		Especially with regard to early archaeology, in its developing stages there was a fine line between those who wanted to learn from history and those who wanted to earn from history.
		With this piece of history in mind, the intent of this project is to show that the creation and application of laws and ethics has certified archaeology as a legitimate field of inquiry to the human past.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/anthropology/v1007/davis/introduction.html (498 words)

	Chapter 5 : Writing Linear Equations : Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Interest in archaeology can be traced back to the 15th and 16th centuries, when Europeans began to collect artifacts from ancient Rome and Greece.
		The excavations of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 18th century, however, marked the beginning of archaeology as a formal discipline.
		In 1822, Jean-Francois Champollion was able to use the Rosetta Stone and other Egyptian writings to decipher the Hieroglyphic symbols used by the Egyptians.
	www.classzone.com /books/algebra_1_cs/page_build.cfm?content=links_app3_5&ch=5 (575 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - Lee Street Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The well-preserved brick domed cistern, located in the second room, was probably also used to supply water for baking and for the operation of a steam engine boiler used to heat the large rectangular ovens.
		Pennies from 1822 and 1832, and an 1827(?) four pfenninge coin, found in the Tavern area.
		More than eighty boxes of artifacts were brought into the Alexandria Archaeology Museum, where they were washed and sorted by a corps of volunteers and students.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/ar-leestreet.html (1331 words)

	Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Hylton archaeology students are presently excavating a tavern site in Brentsville.
		The location to be excavated is immediately across the street from the 1822 courthouse and jail that celebrated their 180th anniversary in 2002.
		The land being researched by Hylton Archaeology contains the "White House," a home built by 1820 that is a privately owned, local landmark today.
	brentsville.org /events/digs.htm (350 words)

	Museum of Archaeology
		Our museum was formerly housed in the buildings of the Hoger Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis en Oudheidkunde (Institute of Art History and Archaeology), designed by the famous architect Henry van de Velde (1863-1957) as part of the University's Library complex.
		The new museum is housed in the buildings of the Pand, the old medieval Dominican cloister in the middle of the old town.
		The end of the century sees substantial additions with a small group of Egyptian antiquities (collection Lindqvist, 1895), an array of flint artefacts from the province of Hainaut, formerly belonging to the Cloquet collection (July 1896) and -finally- the arrival of several Early Bronze Age excavated finds from the Siret collection (1897-98).
	www.archaeology.ugent.be /department/en/en_museum.htm (602 words)

	Historical Archaeology
		While written records have been made for thousands of years in some parts of the world, elsewhere the historical period began primarily with European colonizing efforts in the late 15th century, and accompanied the rapid spread of industrial capitalism in the late 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
		To a large degree, historical archaeology is the study of the effects of Euro-American colonial and economic expansion on both the colonizers and the colonized.
		Alta California became part of Mexico in 1822, and was in turn seized by the United States in 1846.
	www.parks.ca.gov /?page_id=22647 (224 words)

	Archaeology - Office of Cultural & Historical Programs
		The area and river remained at the heart of military operations between nations, including France, Spain, Britain, and the United States and was not known as a significant port.
		In 1822 Jacksonville was named for General Andrew Jackson, hero of the First Seminole War.
		U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredging finally opened the St. Johns to seagoing traffic in 1839 and the Second Seminole War (1835-1842) provided an immediate boost to the young port.
	dhr.dos.state.fl.us /archaeology/underwater/maritime/ports/port.cfm?name=Jacksonville (348 words)

	Archaeology - Office of Cultural & Historical Programs
		The first commissioned Navy ship lost in Florida waters was USS Alligator, which wrecked in the Florida Keys in 1822, while assigned to combat piracy.
		Many naval, and other military craft have been sunk in Florida waters since 1821, through military action, foundering, grounding, fire and explosion, deliberate sinking to create artificial reefs, and other causes.
		Although much valuable work has already been done, much of this interesting chapter of U.S. Naval history remains to be studied and written by future historians.
	dhr.dos.state.fl.us /archaeology/projects/shipwrecks/legacy/history.cfm (681 words)

	New Zealand Archaeology News
		This section is about archaeology in general and some of the work done by Australian archaeologists.
		A review volume of themes in New Zealand archaeology contributed by newly emerged scholars, with a CD of classic papers that they selected to illustrate their theme.
		WHILE archaeology is the study of the past, today it is the future that is challenging those in the field.
	www.nzarchaeology.org /blog (9231 words)

	Heinrich Schliemann: Heros & Mythos
		The life of Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann began on January 6, 1822 in the small town of Neu-Bukow, in the County (Landkreis) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Germany.
		He approached archaeology as a science in which one forms hypotheses and then tests them, as one does in other sciences.
		Here he is called "the founder of modern archaeology," pride is taken in the fact that the school teaches one third of the languages he learned between 1842 and 1857, and he is held up as a role model.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/wilson/ant304/biography/arybios97/kingbio.html (4087 words)

	Stanford Journal of Archaeology
		Lower, as Secretary of the Sussex Archaeological Society, was informed that a flint-digger had found a "British urn twelve inches in height and containing the burnt bones of a human body" upon opening up a tumulus at Mount Harry.
		In prehistoric archaeology, there were numerous discoveries in other countries.
		Investigations into the caves in Southern France were led by Paul Tournal, Jules de Christol, and Marcel de Serres and by the Belgian Schmerling in the early-century.
	stanford.edu /dept/archaeology/journal/newdraft/chung/paperpage.html (3892 words)

	Archaeology in Peru - 1800s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Increasingly, publications became available that further identified the locations and character of the various ruins, beginning in the early part of the century with the works of Mariano de Rivero, a Peruvian natural scientist, and the Swiss explorer Johan Jakob von Tschudi.
		In 1822 the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology was founded on April 2, 1822 with Riveroy Ustariz, its first director.
		The early collections of the Museum were looted in 1881 during the War of the Pacific.
	www.jacobsarts.com /KieferBoytonPeru/Peru/archaeologyperu.htm (284 words)

	2
		The early archaeology of Washington, D.C., done by William Henry Holmes, S. Proudfit, and others, reveals a number of village, camp, and quarry sites within the present boundaries of the city (Figure 4).
		Between 1820 and 1822, the commissioners and the Board of Health enacted a scavenging system to remove “nuisances and all offensive substances” and to require the cleaning out all privies every two months (April to October) and every three months (October to April).
		According to Crane, after the cholera epidemic of 1832 “citizens of the city were urged to clean and lime their yards” (Crane 2000:22).
	www.si.edu /oahp/patent/2.0Results.htm (7018 words)

	Oxford Archaeology - Stowe House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		They were members of Parliament and sheriffs for Buckingham, and over the next two centuries they rose from wealthy farmers through the ranks of the aristocracy, becoming baronets, viscounts, earls and marquesses.
		What is less familiar at Stowe, as well as other houses of the period, are the structural secrets and techniques that enabled such houses to be built.
		These are the focus of Oxford Archaeology’s investigations during the current phase of restoration work on the house’s central pavilion.
	www.oxfordarch.co.uk /pages/stowe.htm (1746 words)

	African-American Archaeology Newsletter, Winter 1994
		Since the recovery of gourds from a typical archaeological context would be rare, testing this hypothesis would involve soil sampling from archaeological contexts containing large quantities of buttons to test for traces of pollen or carbonized seeds.
		A few years ago (1989 to be exact), the faculty and staff of the Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of South Carolina rounded up a series of invited papers for a volume entitled Studies in South Carolina Archaeology, Essays in Honor of Robert L. Stephenson.
		For those of you wanting to build up your bibliography on African archaeology, this may bea place to start, although nearly all of the articles are prehistoric; it also helps to know some French.
	www.diaspora.uiuc.edu /A-AAnewsletter/Winter1994.html (6761 words)

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