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Topic: 1822 religious leaders

	Pennsylvania's Capitols and Leaders
		Dedicated in 1822, the Redbrick Capitol was the seat of government until it burned down in 1897.
		The taciturn constitutional lawyer went on to the United States House and Senate, was foreign minister to Russia and England, and completed his 30 years as leader of the Pennsylvania Democrats by becoming the only native son of the Commonwealth to be President of the United States, 1857-1860.
		While the modern Legislature continues to produce powerful leaders, Senator M. Harvey Taylor, a Republican from Dauphin, is likely to be the last "boss." Taylor served 24 years and was President Pro Tempore for a record 18 years from 1947 to 1964.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /wu01/vc/visitor_info/blue/capitols.htm (0 words)

	Religious Groups, Benevolent Organizations, and American Pluralism
		The advocates and leaders of the benevolent associations called for a form of Christian union that, to outsiders, smelt of amalgamation and of a particular flavor of post-Calvinist revivalism, and this tendency towards amalgamation inspired other denominations to emphasize their peculiar tenets and practices.
		Although the leaders and publicists of the benevolent empire prided themselves on the non-sectarian nature of their organizations, in practice most of the members, energy, and funding came from Calvinists, with Hopkinsian revival-driven Calvinists at the forefront.
		In addition confessional religious leaders objected to the implication that the cherished and distinctive forms of their religious practice were, in the end, no more than matters of custom.
	are.as.wvu.edu /kilsdonk.htm (0 words)

	Genovese, Slave Revolts in Hemispheric Perspective (1981)
		The religiously grounded ideology of accommodation, understood as itself a vital form of resistance to dehumanization and to enslavement, acted as a powerful brake on the revolutionary impulse, to which it posed a realistic alternative.
		In the hands of a skillful anti-Christian leader the religious cry could be made to separate the slaves totally from the white community and thus transform every rising into a holy war against the infidel.
		Religiously inspired rebels could always attribute the inevitable casualties to the victims' bad faith or failure to observe proper ritual or even to the prospect of reincarnation in Africa.
	www.virginia.edu /woodson/courses/aas405c/genovese.html (0 words)

	A Place for Truth Studies - Gospel According to Galatians II
		Religious History of the American People, by Sydney Ahlstrom; The Story of Religion in America, by William Warren Sweet; The Great Awakening, by Edwin Gaustad; Dictionary of Christianity in America, eds.
		Leaders of the First Great Awakening: William Tennent (1673-1746)- preached in Pennsylvania, was a Presbyterian born in Ireland who built the "Log College" in 1735 to train ministers, many who participated in the Awakening.
		He writes, "What makes men partial in their religion is, that they seek themselves and not God, in their religion." The Religious Affections have been most examined by scholars because the "chief critic of Arminianism" was forging a weapon out of Lockean materials which "enlightened" theologians and deists had claimed as their own.
	www.aplacefortruth.org /studies/history17.htm (0 words)

	Putting God Back into American History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Nor, historians say, do the great leaders' public expressions of faith necessarily tell us much about how their notion of an ideal relationship between religion and government.” I guess it depends on which historians were consulted and how well they were listening to the Founders.
		They incorrectly assume religious Americans want to use government force to impose their religious values on them, because as collectivists, they seek government power to impose the values of their religion, secular fundamentalism, on the majority of the country.
		The “Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom” was drafted by Jefferson in 1777 and adopted by the General Assembly in 1786.
	www.towardtradition.org /article_God_and_History.htm (0 words)

	Russia
		In the 1470s the religious sect known as the 'Judaizers' was discovered in the city of Novgorod and at the court in Moscow: the Jews were accused of having initiated its establishment.
		Only religious groups which had been active in the country for at least fifty years and had branches in at least half of Russia's eighty-nine regions could be granted the status of 'all-Russian organizations'.
		Religious groups which had operated in Russia for less than fifteen years would be denied the rights of legal entities, including property rights.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive2/russia/russia.htm (0 words)

	Religious Education for children in the Diocese of Erie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Explain that the Bishop is the head of the local Church (diocese) and that his ministry is supported by priests, deacons, religious and lay ministers.
		Evaluation is essential to the development of religious education programs that effectively meet the needs of the Church and the students we strive to call to deeper faith.
		It is recommended that a team of leaders (both adults and young people) meet well in advance to plan the weekend.
	www.eriercd.org /education5a.asp (0 words)

	Introduction to Religious Liberty in America (Page 2)
		Madison made the case against the General Assessments in his treatise, “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments.” In it, Madison argued that any government establishment in religion, even what in modern terms might be called an “establishment-lite,” constituted an abuse of government power and a “spiritual tyranny” against the human conscience.
		Religious liberty was a guarantee through the right of nature to choose — to choose to be different or to choose to be the same — whatever the choice might be,” Goff said.
		For Madison and Jefferson, religious liberty and freedom of conscience were beyond the powers of government; they were unalienable and untouchable by the state.
	www.facsnet.org /issues/faith/liberty2.htm (0 words)

	Christian Formation Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To: All Reverend Clergy, Religious and Laity of the Diocese of Charleston
		Of all religious truths, the most important for Catholics are those which relate to God, Christ, and to the truths which the Church believes and therefore teaches with authority.
		Parish leaders and catechists are not expected to teach all the prayers or saints.
	www.catholic-doc.org /c-f/Evangelization/cfguide.htm (0 words)

	The Neil Rogers Show - News - A church-state 'solution' that is anything but
		Imagine a statehouse or federal building, the walls of which are covered with religious paintings of the Immaculate Conception, the stable scene following the birth of Christ, the visit of the Three Wise Men, the Crucifixion -- all bought and donated by wealthy religious groups.
		I don't know how such governmental donations to religious entities had their beginnings but we have gone down a very slippery slope funding religious groups with tax dollars, even when the funds are used for non-religious purposes.
		Most of the Founders believed in God, but they believed religious faith was a matter of personal conscience and that civil government had no proper role in aiding, monitoring or harming it -- or in judging whose religion was primary, and whose was not.
	news.neilrogers.com /news/articles/2005070804.html (0 words)

	Corps of Discovery - The Leaders
		William Clark was born in 1770 to John and Ann Rogers Clark in Caroline County, Virginia, the ninth of ten children.
		Clark believed that the goodwill he established through his personal contacts with Indian leaders would be jeopardized if the factory system were abolished.
		William Clark recovered from his grief and defeat, marrying Harriet Kennerly Radford, a widow who was also a cousin of his first wife, and putting his energies into the administration of Indian affairs in the west.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/CorpsOfDiscovery/TheLeaders/Clark/Clark.htm (0 words)

	ACNS Digest - Archives
		Dr Williams also rejected claims that religious approaches to the debate on poverty and world trade lacked rigour: "It has to be said clearly and often that the religious objection to aspects of the current global trade regime is not a sentimental aversion to wealth or a sort of commendation of endless large-scale almsgiving.
		Religious believers will say that these 'unreasonable' responses are in fact the most reasonable of all - actions that echo the fundamental act of divine love.
		Established in 1822, Christ Church is the oldest Episcopal church in the Diocese of the Central Gulf Coast and the oldest in the State of Alabama.
	www.anglicancommunion.org /acns/digest/index.cfm?years=2005&months=5&article=375&pos=#375 (0 words)

	Overview: 1820-1829: Electronic Edition.
		Periodic religious revivals in North Carolina"produced sharp differences between those who thought that higher education was a function of the church.
		Although religious groups petitioned the legislature for a second university, they were unsuccessful.
		In 1822 an additional $20,000 was borrowed "for repairing the present and erecting new Buildings" (Henderson 84).
	docsouth.unc.edu /true/chapter/chp02-01/chp02-01.html (0 words)

	This Day in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Catherine then convinced the young king that the Huguenots were on the brink of rebellion, and he authorized the murder of their leaders by the Catholic authorities.
		However, he was followed by other peasant leaders, such as José María Morelos y Pavón, Mariano Matamoros, and Vicente Guerrero, who all led armies of native and racially mixed revolutionaries against the Spanish and the Royalists.
		In 1822, as no Bourbon monarch to rule Mexico had been found, Iturbide was proclaimed the emperor of Mexico.
	www.historychannel.com /tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272960&day=10272989 (0 words)

	Americans United: Religion On Trial
		A: Over the course of the 20th century, religious minorities increasingly sought and found refuge in the courts against laws that restricted their freedom.
		In 1990, the Supreme Court reversed course, saying that as long as the law is “facially neutral” towards religion – that is, it doesn’t explicitly target a particular religious group or practice – the state does not have to justify legal burdens on the free exercise of religion.
		One of the problems with the argument that the court should be bound to the “original intent” of the Founders, which these justices fondly invoke, is the idea that the solutions they proposed to the challenges they faced are adequate to resolve the challenges we now face.
	www.au.org /site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7255&abbr=cs_ (0 words)

	Civil War, Musical Worship, Revivalism, Racism
		This "religious imperialism" which sprang up in the freedom of America most often resulted in armed conflict around the world and, in the end, the loss of any Christian influence.
		However, these were the "Religious Right Extremists" of their day who saw their religion as God's authority for civil control even if a lot of innocent people had to suffer.
		Religious domination of civil affairs has always led to the radicalization and hardening of views and never to Christian conversion.
	www.piney.com /RMNoSo.html (0 words)

	The Publications Assistance Program: Religious Magazines and Newspapers in Canada
		Religious periodicals are magazines and newspapers that identify with a religious tradition to express and/or evoke a sense of the sacred through the recognition of a divine or trans-divine focus.
		In practice, members of different religious communities were quick to point out that many of their publications were actually ethnic publications that carry news of "home" or the community worldwide rather than concentrating on religious issues and stories.
		Where religious publications seem to play a role in training is the opportunity they give to young journalists and journalism students to work as interns or for short periods before moving on to more mainstream publications.
	www.pch.gc.ca /progs/ac-ca/progs/pap/pubs/religion/index_e.cfm (0 words)

	List of state leaders in 1822 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria - Francis I, Emperor of Austria (1792-1835) Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
		Bavaria - Maximilian I, King of Bavaria (1799-1825) Note: Leader of Bavaria held title of Elector prior to 1805
		Saxony - Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony 1763-1827) Note: Leader of Saxony held the title of Elector prior to 1806
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1822 (0 words)

	TNGenWeb, The Keetoowah Society and the Avocation of Religious Nationalism in the Cherokee Nation, 1855-1867 - Chapter ...
		When Major Ridge, leader of the “Treaty Party”, signed the Treaty of New Echota on December 29, 1835, he is reported to have said, “I may yet die some day by the hand of some poor infatuated Indian, deluded by the counsels of Ross and his minions:...
		Furthermore, the very culture which lay at the roots of this collective identity was being challenged by an alien ideology which asserted the rights of the individual over the rights of “the people.” In this challenge between old and new, a way to the future had to be found through an understanding of the past.
		However, at its very heart it was a religious response to the modernist impulses found in the developing racialist ideology, emerging capitalist economy, and universal nationalist identity of the nineteenth century.
	www.tngennet.org /tncolor/keetood2.htm (0 words)

	Eastern Patriarchates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 544, Jacob Baradaeus (a Monophysite leader) consecrated Sergius of Tella as Patriarch in opposition to the Imperial-backed Orthodox candidate.
		Although the Syrian Orthodox or Jacobite church, like the Coptic, no longer follow the Monophysite doctrine, and are doctrinally almost identical to the Eastern Orthodox churches, old emnities die hard and the church continues to preserve an independent identity, in communion with the Armenian, Coptic, and Abyssinian churches.
		During the ascendancy of the Mongols, many notable leaders, including Hulegu (the first Ilkhan), belonged to this church, and though reliable statistics are not available, it is likely that this church, whose remnants today number at most a few million, boasted the largest population of any Christian denomination.
	www.hostkingdom.net /orthodox.html (0 words)

	Course Catalog: Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The religious studies program is designed to give our students a strong foundation in the Catholic Faith.
		The primary objective of this course is to help students gain an increased understanding and awareness of those Christian values and Catholic Church teachings which will assist them in better living out the Gospel message, loving God and our neighbor as ourselves.
		It is a comprehensive course that provides relevant information on the married, single and religious life and addresses key developmental issues of young adulthood.
	www.elizabeth-seton.pvt.k12.md.us /Academics/religion_cat.htm (0 words)

	Independent Lens . NAT TURNER: A Troublesome Property . Slave Rebellions \| PBS
		In the spring of 1800, Prosser, a deeply religious man, begins plotting an invasion of Richmond, Virginia and an attack on its armory.
		By summer he has enlisted more than 1,000 slaves and collected an armory of weapons, organizing the first large-scale slave revolt in the U.S. On the day of the revolt, the bridges leading to Richmond are destroyed in a flood, and Prosser is betrayed.
		Vesey is betrayed and hanged, but the cell structure prevents officials from identifying other leaders.
	www.pbs.org /independentlens/natturner/slave_rebellions.html (0 words)

	Little Steven Online
		1827) who taught that while the 12 imams (Muslim religious leaders) had no power, they were nevertheless instruments of divine will.
		Christadelphians - Organization formed in America claiming to represent the true apostolic faith of the 1st century A.D. Indian Muslim community, about a quarter of the total population, which had formed the ruling class under the Mughals, found itself in decline as high Muslim officials were replaced by British adminstrators.
		Confessionalism - Lutheran revival of church discipline, emphasizing the use of the sacraments and ritual.
	www.littlesteven.com /essays-bastimeline-6.html (0 words)

	Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty
		"Religious matters are to be separated from the jurisdiction of the state, not because they are beneath the interests of the state but, quite to the contrary, because they are too high and holy and thus are beyond the competence of the state."
		The constitutional provision to ban a religious test for public office is "a provision the world would expect from you in the establishment of a System founded on Republican principles in an age so liberal and enlightened as the present."
		“We will be a better country when each religious group can trust its members to obey the dictates of their own religious faith without assistance from the legal structure of the country.”
	www.bjcpa.org /resources/pubs/pub_wordsoffounders.htm (0 words)

	AETV.com Classroom Study Guides
		Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) was one of the most influential political leaders of the twentieth century.
		Name the world leaders and countries that were most affected by his ideas.
		By proclaiming that man could reach salvation by faith alone, Martin Luther (1483-1546) shook the very foundations of the religious establishment.
	www.aetv.com /class/admin/study_guide/archives/aetv_guide.0277.html (0 words)

	Founding Father Quotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Subject: The religious beliefs of Jefferson et al.
		I see it's once again time to post my "founding fathers" quotation file to stifle those unbecoming rumours that cast as interesting a man as Jefferson as yet another fundamentalist Protestant boob wishing to place the new nation firmly under the iron boot of the church (for its own good, of course).
		This marks the lowest grade of ignorance, of which their political as well as religious leaders will always avail themselves for their own purpose." - Thomas Jefferson to Baron von Humboldt, 1813
	www.infidels.org /news/atheism/extra/founding-fathers.html (0 words)

	worldreligions
		The best all-around starting point is the Wabash Center Guide for Internet Resources: World Religions.
		New religious movements research is a growing area of interest.
		Group Profiles/The Religious Movements Homepage/The University of Virginia
	www.regent.edu /general/library/subjects/divinity/worldreligions.cfm (0 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Castro, José Gil de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He spent many of his early years in Chile (see also CHILE, §III, 2), during which he worked in the army as, among other things, a topographer.
		He also painted a number of religious works during this period, including Our Lady of Mercy (1815; Lima, Irene Eyzaguirre Col.) and portraits of prominent society figures (e.g.
		In 1822 he returned to Peru, where he designed the army uniform and painted portraits of leaders of the Independence movement, including the Martyr Olaya (1823; Lima, Mus.
	www.artnet.com /library/01/0148/T014827.asp (0 words)

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