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	Rail transport in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marks whose codes end in U are used on containers that are carried in intermodal transport, and marks whose codes end in Z are used on trailers that are carried in intermodal transport.
		Incorporated in 1823, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, which later became the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, built its first tracks in 1826 as a gravity railroad in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, to haul coal from a mine to the canal at Honesdale.
		As early as the 1930s, automobile travel had begun to cut into the rail passenger market, somewhat reducing economies of scale, but it was the development of the Interstate Highway System and of commercial aviation in the 1950s and 1960s that dealt the most damaging blows to rail transportation, both passenger and freight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_States (3880 words)

	The Pennsylvania Railroad
		He discarded the old wooden rail or stone stringer plated with scrap iron then in general use, and designed a crude but practical anticipation of the T-rail which, with slight variations in shape and modernization in size and weight, is still the standard design of railway tracks to-day.
		The first lengths of rail for the pioneer line were received by ship from England early in 1831, and the first piece of track, five-sixths of a mile long, was laid during the summer of that year from Bordentown northwards, in the direction of Hightstown.
		The rail was attached to the stones by a newly devised hook-headed spike, the forerunner of the spike now in general use.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r009.html (4633 words)

	First Railroads in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Not germane to the functional definition of a particular line of rails, and hence to questions of its classification as a railroad, are: the source of motive power, kind of material for rails and supporting ties (sleepers), varieties of things transported, or classification under law as a private or public carrier.
		One of the massive timber rails was grooved – U-shaped – and the opposite one tongued.
		Rails at first were of wood and then of granite, both topped by iron straps.
	www.cprr.org /Museum/First_US_Railroads_Gamst.html (5083 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		May 10, 1823, the first call for a public meeting was sent out, and the gentlemen who attended this meeting formed an association to procure an act of incorporation authorizing them as trustees to collect and hold subscriptions fur the purpose of erecting an enduring monument.
		The first proposition of the railway company was to transport the stone from the quarry to the tidewater at 50 cents per ton, and from thence by lighters to the wharf at Charlestown, at 40 cents, but the contract fixed the price at 75 cents per ton for the whole distance.
		Upon the top of these rails, iron plates, three inches wide and one fourth of an inch thick, were fastened with spikes, but at all the crossings of public roads and driftways, stone rails were used in stead of wood.
	ci.quincy.ma.us /tcpl/legacy/history/hisch2.htm (8657 words)

	1823 Definition / 1823 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Authorship was later attributed to Clement Clarke Moore and the poem was included in an anthology of his works, but his connection with the verses has been questioned by some, although further proof links the poem to Moore than to any other party, including the pri...
		The poem appeared anonymously in the Troy, New York Sentinel on December 23, 1823, and was reprinted frequently thereafter, with no attribution until Moore's name was added to it.
		1823 is a number that cannot be wrong.
	www.elresearch.com /1823 (771 words)

	LIGHT - Online Information article about LIGHT
		gauge may be narrow, the line single, the rails lighter than those used in standard practice, while deep cuttings and high embankments may be avoided by permitting the curves to be sharper and the gradients steeper: such points conduce to cheapness of construction.
		Cuttings are reduced to a minimum; and where the roads are sufficiently wide, the rails are laid on the margins.
		wagon for agricultural transport on a 24 in.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LEO_LOB/LIGHT.html (3921 words)

	Firth of Clyde Forum
		Transport on the Firth of Clyde - A Historical Perspective.
		Proprietors of transport services are trying to make as much money as they can, whether this is providing a premium service at a price to match, a bargain basement no frills service or are able to tap into funding sources to support loss-making services.
		An alternative was transport on the river itself by one of the many “fly boats” which plied between Greenock/Gourock and Glasgow, or one of the horse drawn conveyances on the Forth and Clyde canal.
	www.clydeforum.org /conference/2.htm (1301 words)

	Irvington - Narrative
		A rail line between Indianapolis and the Cincinnati area by way of Brookville, to be called the Harrison and Indianapolis, had been sanctioned by the state along with the first spate of eight railroad charters granted in February 1832.
		As the countryside filled in more completely, country roads were developed, and rail transport whisked people and freight through the township, the importance of the earlier turnpike leadership was mitigated-- in the fifties and sixties they were Justices of the Peace only 23% of the time and assessors not at all.
		Transportation developments to the east led indirectly to the founding of Irvington, but its impetus was residential development rather than commercial.
	www.polis.iupui.edu /RUC/Neighborhoods/Irvington/IRVNGTNNARRATIVE.htm (8675 words)

	[No title]
		The bill would define "network railroad transportation" to mean railroad transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the federal Surface Transportation Board pursuant to that federal law, and would amend various provisions of the Public Utilities Code to specify that they do not apply to "network railroad transportation," and would make related changes.
		An adequate transportation system is essential to the welfare of the state, and an important part of that system is service rendered by household goods carriers.
		If any provision of the Public Utilities Act or of this chapter applicable to charter bus transportation, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is invalid as a result of federal preemption, the remainder of the act, or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.
	www.sen.ca.gov /leginfo/BILL-6-DEC-1998/CURRENT/AB/FROM1600/AB1658/T990817.TXT (14839 words)

	UTU: News
		LONDON -- Transport Secretary Stephen Byers announced his resignation Tuesday (May 28) after months of criticism of his handling of the crumbling rail network, and a poisonous departmental dispute that had cast a shadow over the government, the Associated Press reported.
		Transport policy is not a mess but there is a lack of momentum," said a spokesman for the Confederation of Passenger Transport, which represents the bus and coach industry.
		British rail passengers look with envy at countries like France, Germany and the Netherlands where the cost of a ticket is generally lower and the chances of arriving on time are considerably higher.
	www.utu.org /worksite/detail_news.cfm?ArticleID=1823 (991 words)

	Alachua County Historic Structures
		In 1823 the Treaty of Moultrie Creek was signed and the Seminoles were restricted to roughly four million acres in the central portion of Florida, south of Gainesville to the Peace River.
		Transportation during this period was limited to Indian trails, the most prominent of which was the Alachua Trail (Figure 4: Alachua Trail Maps).
		Improvement in transportation, agriculture diversification, and a new industry, the tourist, were the keys to development and economic prosperity for Florida during this period.
	growth-management.alachua.fl.us /histstruct/infosys/historic_survey.php (11770 words)

	Text-Only version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Transportation methods were much improved when the Vermont Central Railroad connected a spur route to the city in 1849, and again in 1873 when the Montpelier and Well River Railroad connected the town to the Connecticut River Valley.
		However, the Central Vermont Rail Depot remained and became the lifeline of the town once again at the end of the 19th century, when Northfield's booming granite industry relied on the rails to ship their products.
		Rail lines were connected there in 1875 and 1888, resulting in a major expansion of the local granite industry.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/centralvermont/text.htm (19843 words)

	RiverWeb: Early Transportation Systems
		In discussing the speed that could be obtained by passenger trains he said that he should not he surprised at seeing steam carriages propelled at the rate of 40 or 50 miles an hour.
		In reference to freight movements he estimated that a train of 160 tons could be drawn at a speed of four miles per hour, and that the actual expense of transporting a ton over the entire line would be fifty cents.
		But the most essential point of difference, as it regards stockholders, is, that the whole of the emoluments to be derived from the transportation of commodities, and from the conveyance of passengers, will go to the railroad company, whereas the turnpike company receives only a toll.
	www.museum.state.il.us /RiverWeb/landings/Ambot/Archives/History/ts1.html (2968 words)

	Transport
		November 26, 1832 - public transportation began in New York City; fare of 12-1/2 cents; three non-connecting compartments, each able to carry ten passengers, rode on iron wheels along iron rails laid in the middle of the road.
		H.W. Stewart, then the General Manager of Burlington Transportation Company, to found an umbrella association of privately-owned and independent carriers to increase passenger traffic between and within members' respective territories; newly-organized association operated under name Trailways; served 24,023 miles of routes, principally in the Midwest.
		Transportation Research; Information Services (TRIS) Http://Tris.Amti.Com/Search.Cfm Database is the world's largest and most comprehensive bibliographic resource on transportation information." (400,000 bibliographic records).
	www.kipnotes.com /Transport.htm (3359 words)

	RR Museum of PA - History and Magic
		Later hailed as both a "genius of steam" and "the father of American railroading," Stevens himself never built a railroad, but his was the first voice in America to firmly proclaim their need and their feasibility.
		At the other end of the Strasburg Rail Road is the location destined to see the opening of the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in 1975.
		The battle of Gettysburg was preceded by an almost continuous line of trains on the Western Maryland Rail Road, carrying Federal troops and supplies from Baltimore to Westminster, MD. Operating under Federal military authority, it became a major line of supply for the Army of the Potomac.
	www.rrmuseumpa.org /about/welcome/historymagic.htm (1693 words)

	Vermont Heritage Network
		Since the transport of both people and goods was crucial to the economic development of Vermont, the manufacture of land transport accompanied early settlement.
		Improved methods of transportation, and a growing demand for granite and marble and slate for building materials and monuments stimulated a boom in stone quarrying and manufacture in Vermont in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		After 1823, the opening of the Champlain Canal changed the character of Vermont iron works from a larger number of small speculative operations in pre-canal days to costly high-production works after the canal.
	www.uvm.edu /~vhnet/hertour/hthome03.html (2549 words)

	1823 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		1820 1821 1822 - 1823 - 1824 1825 1826
		Canada - Rail transport - Science - South Africa - Sport
		You can find it there under the keyword 1823 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1823andaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1823 (417 words)

	INDEPENDENCE TO THE CIVIL WAR: 1776-1861
		The steamboat originated with experiments by John Fitch of Philadelphia from 1787 to 1790, and Lancaster County native Robert Fulton established it as a practical medium of transportation on the Ohio, Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.
		Rail transport began in 1827, operated at first by horse power or cables.
		In miles of rail and in total capital invested in railroads, Pennsylvania led all other states on the eve of the Civil War.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /WU01/VC/visitor_info/pa_history/III.htm (4035 words)

	NORFOLK SOUTHERN R. CO. V. JAMES N. KIRBY,PTY LTD. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Likewise, Norfolk’s rail journey from Savannah to Huntsville was a “fringe” portion of the intercontinental journey promised in the ICC and Hamburg Süd bills.
		The international transportation industry “clearly has moved into a new era–the age of multimodalism, door-to-door transport based on efficient use of all available modes of transportation by air, water, and land.” 1 Schoenbaum 589 (4th ed.
		Kirby and ICC contracted for the transportation of machinery from Australia to Huntsville, Alabama, and, as the crow flies, Huntsville is some 366 miles inland from the port of discharge.
	supct.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/02-1028.ZO.html (5195 words)

	Challenge -- Dec. 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The divisions among the rail workers in France during their recent Nov. 22 national strike -- by age, inter-union rivalry and especially by racism -- caused the walkout to fall far short of its potential.
		If the rail workers were to fight for a big increase in the hiring of these youth, the workers' overall strength would rise sharply.
		Transport minister Dominique Perben threatened to impose guaranteed service throughout the country in a contract clause, while the governing UMP party launched a petition drive to impose minimum service by law.
	www.plp.org /cd05/cd1214.html (12134 words)

	Opposition to Victorian Railways
		Leading up to 1835, Britain had experimented with a few rails. These lines were built with the exclusive purpose of conveying commodities. Like the coal-road, the Stockton and Darlington, they ran primarily between industrial centers and areas of natural resources. Rails of this era were powered by stationary engines, horse labor, and sometimes by locomotives.
		Small towns, interestingly, seem to have had a greater autonomy in determining the placement of rail lines: lines such as the Liverpool and Manchester or the Liverpool and Birmingham, which were key trunk lines in connecting industrial resources with national markets, were built despite strong opposition on the part of local residents.
		Many of these arguments were ridiculed by transportation historians of the early twentieth century, and indeed by railway proponents of the day, but they deserve to be taken seriously.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/rschwart/ind_rev/rs/denault.htm (5678 words)

	Anglo Boer War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		His father Jacobus Ignatius, born in 1823 at Boontjeskraal, Caledon was married to Aletta Susanna Margaretha Strydom and farmed in the Western Province before leaving with his family in 1851 to settle in the Smithfield district of the Orange Free State.
		De Wet and General JH de la Rey, tried in vain to persuade Cronje to invade the Cape Colony; to cut the rail connections to the coast and to try to rouse the Cape Colony to rebellion.
		The Orange River was in flood and with Knox on his heels as well, it took a heavy toll on De Wet’s men and their horses.
	www.anglo-boer.co.za /dewet.html (3024 words)

	National Postal Museum
		In 1823, Congress declared all steamboat routes to be post roads, subject to federal regulations.
		Although steamboats provided the most reliable and rapid transport of the mails the service was far from spectacular.
		Speed was important for all aspects of transportation, including mail.
	www.postalmuseum.si.edu /exhibits/2a3b_riversmap.html (232 words)

	FORTNIGHTLY SUMMARY OF CURRENT NATIONAL SITUATIONS
		At the same time troop transports and freighters are pouring continually down from Japan and northern China coast ports headed south, apparently for French Indo-China and Formosan ports.
		Moelders was killed when a transport plane in which he was a passenger crashed near Breslau on November 22.
		Italian difficulties are due to mined and mired roads, lack of transportation facilities and the refusal of the Germans to repair the railroads in that sector.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/pha/pt_14/x15-080.html (14495 words)

	PHMC: Pennsylvania History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The shipyards of Philadelphia and Chester were decisive in maintaining maritime transport.
		Concentrated for the most part in western Pennsylvania, but with important centers also at Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Lewistown, Carlisle, and Morrisville, Pennsylvania's steel industry furnished the rails for the nation's railway empire, the structural steel for its modern cities and the armament for national defense.
		Pennsylvania has a long tradition of urban public transport, beginning with horse cars in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia in the 1850s.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /bah/pahist/industry.asp?secid=31 (6371 words)

	Journal of San Diego History
		For the next eight years the attempt to gain an entrance into the growing national rail link encompassed much of the energy of the controlling members of San Diego society.
		Born in Amesbury, Massachusetts in 1823, he sailed to San Francisco with the gold rush of 1849.
		The rails were purchased in Europe and shipped round the Horn, so as not to be interfered with by the Southern Pacific.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/85fall/railroad.htm (5505 words)

	NJ Transport Heritage Center - Book List
		A panorama that transports the reader to a way of life lost to history as the canal people, on water and on land, weave tales enjoyable to all.
		Covers the rail car era on the Erie; infant gas cars; maturity; post depression era; pre to postwar; end of the line; nostalgic memories; preface, table of contents, forward, introduction, rosters, and biblio.
		The Tuckerton RR: A Chronicle of Transport to the NJ Seashore, by John Brinckmann.
	www.njthc.org /booklist42002.htm (8293 words)

	The North American Churchills - The Churchill Centre
		This was most appropriate since Hantsport is the place where, since 1823, Canadian Churchills have made waves: not only as builders of ships and owners of a worldwide fleet, but also in provincial and federal politics.
		He was commissioned in the 112th Battalion, 1915, and sent overseas aboard HMT Olympic (sister ship of the Titanic and a troop transport during the war) in July 1916.
		He was wounded six weeks later in an attack on the Vimy-Avion rail way embankment and hospitalized at Etaples, then Manchester, Broadstairs and Chester.
	www.winstonchurchill.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=772 (1744 words)

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