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	Archaeology - LoveToKnow 1911
		It may thus be conceived how vast a field archaeology embraces, and how intimately it is connected with the sciences of geology and anthropology, while it naturally includes within its borders the consideration of all the civilizations of ancient times.
		The archaeology of zoological species constitutes the sphere of palaeontology, while that of botanical species is dealt with as palaeobotany; and every different science thus has its archaeological side.
		The beginning of archaeology, as the study of pre-documentary history, may be broadly held to follow on the last of the geological periods, viz., the Quaternary, though it is claimed, and with some reason, that traces of man have been found in deposits of the preceding or Tertiary period.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Archaeology (13617 words)

	Christian Archaeology
		Christian archaeology is that branch of the science of archaeology the object of which is the study of ancient Christian monuments.
		The principal aim of Christian archaeology, as indicated, is to ascertain all that is possible relative to the manners and customs of the early Christians from the monuments of Christian antiquity.
		In 1841 he published the first volume of what he intended to be an exhaustive work on early Christian art, for various reasons he was unable to complete the undertaking.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/christian_archaeology.html (4408 words)

	Archaeology - Office of Cultural & Historical Programs
		Members of historical and preservation organizations took action to cleanup the cemetery in the 1980s; the organization raised some funds for initial work, later private funding was obtained through a local trust for restoration of markers by professional conservators.
		Archaeology students at New College documented the grave markers; the Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
		The cemetery was purchased in 1841 by the City of Tallahassee, which established an ordinance regulating burials at the site.
	dhr.dos.state.fl.us /archaeology/cemeteries/index.cfm?page=Case_Studies (1806 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Newsome, Trees of Paradise and Pillars of the World
		My intention had been to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about state formation that was then the focus of Copan archaeology by writing an art-historical analysis of 18-Rabbit's stelae in relation to the centralization of power and the rise of statehood in the Copan Valley.
		In the peak years of a movement in the study of Maya art and archaeology driven by political and historical perspectives, when the major breakthroughs in iconography and hieroglyphic decipherment were the identification of historical figures and events, the esoteric nature of these questions seemed incompatible with the prevailing directions of research.
		The study of Maya archaeology and monumental art benefited enormously from the sudden interest of Maudslay, for he was a tireless and exacting scientific researcher.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exnewtre.html (5248 words)

	Archaeology at Waterford - NYS Cultural Resource Survey Program
		A major fire in Waterford in 1841 provided a time marker for excavated soil deposits which was used to divide these deposits into periods of time for archaeological analysis.
		Samuel Demarest occupied Lots 149 and 161 and operated the Mansion Hotel from 1806 to 1841, but constructed a large house on the periphery of the village in the 1820s and moved from the location of the identified lots.
		After the 1841 fire, Thomas Morgan purchased Lot 149 and the east portion of Lot 161, and the First Baptist Church was built on the west portion of the lot.
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /research/anthropology/crsp/arccrspwaterford.html (723 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: John Forsyth (1780-1841)
		Among Forsyth's many accomplishments was arranging $5 million in payments over six years from the French government for raids on American shipping during the Napoleonic Wars.
		Eyeing a return to the U.S. Senate, Forsyth unexpectedly caught fever and died in Washington, D.C., on October 21, 1841.
		Both Forsyth County and the city of Forsyth in Georgia are named for him.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/AntebellumEra/People1&id=h-2821 (644 words)

	B.U. Bridge: Boston University community's weekly newspaper
		The exhibition at Mugar has particular relevance for the University's archaeology department: BU is one of the principal centers in the United States for Maya research, and has ongoing internship programs and graduate studies based in Belize.
		Hammond has an entire antique book collection devoted to Maya studies and the history of archaeology, which is the subject of one of his graduate seminars.
		When the first set was published in 1841, Hammond says, "it was a wild critical success and made an enormous public and scholarly impact.
	www.bu.edu /bridge/archive/2001/03-23/archaeology.html (952 words)

	Archaeology - Maritime Archaeology
		The courses are taught by archaeologists at both the University of Western Australia (UWA) and The Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum (WAMM).
		teaching in the discipline and discoveries of archaeology, and a centre for research in the rich heritage of Aboriginal and the wider Australian society from an archaeological perspective.
		The Diploma of Applied Maritime Archaeology is designed as a one-year full-time programme requiring two semesters of study with diving to take place in the summer months.
	www.archaeology.arts.uwa.edu.au /postgraduate/maritime_archaeology (439 words)

	Heinrich Schliemann Archaeology - Troy
		Heinrich Schliemann (Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann) was born in January 1822 in the German territory of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
		In 1841 Heinrich abruptly left his employer and embarked as a cabin boy on a ship bound for South America but a shipwreck saw him being returned to German territory after a rescue and landing in the Netherlands.
		By this time Heinrich Schliemann and his first wife, (who was not interested in Archaeology), had parted company, Schliemann had asked a friend to help him find a well-educated, Greek woman, who was beautiful, dark-haired, poor, and shared a great interest in Homer.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /archaeology/heinrich_schliemann.html (1219 words)

	Hebrew 451-Biblical Archaeology, Fall 2006
		Biblical Archaeology, Hebrew and Semitic Studies 451, meets on Thursday night between 6:30 and 9:15 in Room 2080 Grainger Hall.
		Or, compare the use of archaeology in the following works, both at the times they were written and from the perspective of today.
		Albright, William F. Archaeology and the Date of the Hebrew Conquest of Palestine.
	polyglot.lss.wisc.edu /hebrew/451sylFall2006.html (538 words)

	SAA Bulletin 13(3): News and Notes
		While the subject matter of archaeology goes back thousands of years, the field itself is but a few hundred years old, and for a very long time the method of site exploration remained largely the same: trowel and pick.
		Bert Salwen's eclectic interests in archaeology encompassed the diversity of the field and many of the critical changes that occurred within it throughout his long professional career.
		The region encompassed by the term "Arctic" will be left to the individual judgments of people engaged in northern research; it will extend at least as far south as the northern part of regions that are usually considered subarctic (including Iceland).
	www.saa.org /publications/SAAbulletin/13-3/SAA16.html (2237 words)

	Basic Problems with the Anti-Mormon Approach to Geograpgy and Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Archaeology, Dever says, "has not brought to light any direct evidence to substantiate the story that an Abraham lived, that he migrated from Mesopotamia to Canaan or that there was a Joseph who found his way to Egypt and rose to power there.
		There are still numerous disputes and unanswered questions concerning archaeology and the historicity of the Bible, despite the fact that the Bible has been studied by literally thousands of professional historians and archaeologists for over a century and a half.
		Even when archaeology has confirmed the use of barley in the pre-Columbian New World, critics of the Book of Mormon insist on narrowly redefining what the Book of Mormon states in order to sustain their objections.
	www.lightplanet.com /mormons/response/bom/Geography_Archaeology.htm (12286 words)

	Family:Whitney, William Collins (1841-1904) - WRG
		William Collins Whitney was born in Conway, Massachusetts, in 1841.
		His father was Gen. James S. Whitney, for half a century a Democratic leader in Massachusetts and collector of the port of Boston under President Buchanan.
		Her life since, until her death, was devoted to her husband and her children, but she found time to make and to hold a leading place in society in New York and Washington, and to establish a local reputation as a linguist, as an authority in archaeology and as a judge and critic of literature.
	wiki.whitneygen.org /wrg/index.php/Family:Whitney,_William_Collins_(1841-1904) (4538 words)

	Project Past - Archaeology & History at Work.
		African-American Archaeology Listserv: A discussion group focused on the archaeology of the African Diaspora in the New World.
		Anyone with an interest in the the study of the material record of the diaspora is welcome.
		Archaeology of the Spanish Cuban American War: A pilot project conducting an assessment of the potential for archaeological work at sites relating to the 1895-1898 war for Cuban independence (cc-d).
	projectpast.org /index.html (1011 words)

	Terraplus: Case Histories • Geophysics For Archaeology Assessment: Fort William Discovered? Fort Laramie National ...
		Inadequate historical recording of the fort's location during its construction and subsequent relocation in 1841 to the site of Fort Laramie has been the cause of much speculation.
		Due to the strong competition among the fur trading companies, and the deterioration of the wooden stockade, Fort William was abandoned in 1841 in favor of an adobe constructed trading post, Fort John, located within the confines of Fort Laramie National Historic site.
		Fort William, built in 1834 and occupied through 1841, is reported, in historical records, to be located in the southwest quarter of section 22, T26N, R64W, Goshen County, Wyoming.
	www.terraplus.ca /case-histories/dave3.htm (1229 words)

	Biblical Archaeology
		The term biblical archaeology refers to archaeological investigations that serve to clarify, enlighten, and enhance the biblical record.
		Although biblical archaeology concentrates on excavating and interpreting biblical sites, archaeological material of either the pre- or post-biblical era is often uncovered as well.
		An important function of biblical archaeology has been to describe a setting in which the stories of the Old and New Testaments achieve a new and vivid meaning.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txw/bibarcha.htm (734 words)

	Peter R. Mills
		He received his B.A. from the University of Vermont (1984), developing a strong interest in archaeology, particularly in stone tool technology, and wrote an honor's thesis on stone tools found in the Champlain Valley of Vermont.
		His dissertation focused upon the archaeology and ethnohistory of a fort built by Hawaiians on Kaua`i (Pa `ula`ula o Hipo/Fort Elisabeth), in association with fur-traders from the Russian-American Company.
		In Volume II of The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Fort Ross, California, pp.
	www.uhh.hawaii.edu /~anthro/mills.htm (802 words)

	ABERCROMBY FUND - Archaeology at Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Abercromby Fund was established in the benefaction of Lord Abercromby of Aboukir and Tullibody (1841 - 1924), whose bequest to the University of Edinburgh led to the establishment of the Abercromby Chair of Prehistoric Archaeology in 1927.
		Lord Abercromby himself was a significant figure in prehistoric archaeology at the turn of the century; as the Hon.
		The Abercromby Fund is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of the Department of Archaeology at the University of Edinburgh who are registered for degrees in Archaeology, to support travel related to their degree studies in Archaeology, including post-graduate intermediate degrees and research degrees.
	www.arcl.ed.ac.uk /arch/abercrom.html (555 words)

	ACUA -- Mark Staniforth
		Mark Staniforth is a Senior Lecturer in Maritime Archaeology (Department of Archaeology) at Flinders University in Australia.
		Prior to becoming a member of the ACUA, Mark served as president and vice-president of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (AIMA), former AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor in Australia, and former chair of the NSW Maritime Archaeology Advisory Panel (MAAP).
		An annual Underwater Archaeology Field School is offered in February each year and an ongoing research project deals with the Archaeology of Whaling in Southern Australia and New Zealand (AWSANZ).
	www.acuaonline.org /MarkStaniforth.html (470 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Archaeology, Christian
		That branch of the science of archaeology which has for its ultimate object the study of ancient Christian life, as inferred from the remains of the Christian monuments (supplemented by literature, objects of art, etc.) erected during the first six centuries of the Christian era.
		(1575-1629) Known as the Columbus of the Catacombs and the Father of Christian Archaeology, was the first to begin the systematic exploration of the Roman cemeteries.
		(1813-1872) Gave a course of archaeology at the preparatory seminary at Tours and made researches that entitle him to be considered a veritable pioneer in France of the science of Christian archaeology.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd00723.htm (703 words)

	Archaeology - Archaeologists, Antiquarians and Egyptology
		The archaeology of Swansea and the Gower has been of interest to amateur antiquarians since the sixteenth century.
		The discovery of animal remains in the Paviland Caves was brought to the attention of Lewis Dillwyn, Lady Mary Cole and Miss Talbot of Penrice Castle, enthusiastic amateurs, who wrote to the Reverend William Buckland, geology master at Oxford University.
		The opening of the Royal Institution of South Wales in 1841 provided an ideal setting for the ‘finds’ of collectors such as Colonel Morgan and George Grant Francis.
	www.swanseaheritage.net /themes/archaeology/archists.asp (202 words)

	Development of World Civilization
		‘archaeology is the study of ancient human societies using material remains to reconstruct human behavior in the past’ (Fagan 1998)
		Anthropological archaeology differs from Biblical and Classical Archaeology, which focus largely on Mediterranean and European civilizations and are more closely linked with history and art history than anthropology, in that the emphasis is on understanding and explaining human cultural behavior in the broadest sense, including the pasts of non-Western peoples.
		The broad goal of anthropological archaeology is to understand human cultural diversity through time and across space, particularly the processes of cultural change over relatively long time spans (centuries and millennia)
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/mheckenb/devofwldcivil.htm (3222 words)

	AN 370 Archaeology of Mesoamerica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Evaluate the different approaches to archaeology that have been taken at different periods of time.
		These material things must be available for examination by anyone, or the reports of their existence must be unimpeachable.
		Inferences, a type of theory in archaeology, must be falsifiable by observation of these material things.
	personalwebs.oakland.edu /~dow/courses/an370/readings_99f.html (476 words)

	The Larkington Site
		Joseph N. Brewer did not sustain the entail, possibly because he lacked sufficient wealth to set up his younger son, possibly because its observance flew in the face of the realities of the mid-1800s agricultural economy.
		Both activities ultimately destroy sites, but one is an end in and of itself, with little or no public benefit; the other applies scientific methods to the study of the past in the hopes that something might be learned and shared with others.
		Archaeology can provide a light in the forest.
	www.gibbarchaeology.org /larkington.html (2772 words)

	The Times and Life of Edward Robinson
		Robinson's contributions in biblical geography, and by extension archaeology, were closely tied in origin to the missionary movement.
		Edward Robinson (1794-1863) is often described as the father of Biblical Archaeology but, strictly speaking, that description is wrong on at least two counts.
		Biblical geography and, by extension, archaeology, were closely tied in origin to the missionary movement.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/robinson.htm (2937 words)

	Chronology of Science in the United States 1840-1849
		Edward Hitchcock (1793-1864) was presiding officer at the first meeting and Benjamin Silliman (1779-1864) was president in 1841 and 1842.
		The National Institution for the Promotion of Science was founded in Washington, as a successor to the Columbian Institute, with Secretary of War Joel R. Poinsett taking the lead.
		In 1841, it was given responsibility by the U.S. Navy for the collections of the Wilkes Expedition, but by about 1843 this was taken away.
	home.earthlink.net /~claelliott/chron1840.htm (2857 words)

	XV. Scholars, Antiquaries and Bibliographers: Bibliography. Vol. 12. The Romantic Revival. The Cambridge History of ...
		and Prehistoric; (5) Archaeology, Roman and Saxon; (6) Archaeology, Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian;
		Researches in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Comparative Philology, Mythology, and Archaeology, in connection with the Origin of Culture in America and the Accad or Sumerian Families, 1875.
		The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, 1851.
	www.bartleby.com /222/1500.html (9610 words)

	Historical Archaeology
		Kelly, Kenneth G. 1997 The Archaeology of African-European Interaction: Investigating the Social Roles of Trade, Traders, and the Use of Space in the Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Hueda Kingdom, Republic of Benin.
		Babson, David W. 1990 The Archaeology of Racism and Ethnicity on Southern Plantations.
		In The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, edited by Mark P. Leone and Parker B. Potter, Jr., pp.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/davidson/HistArch (2331 words)

	The Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation: Marine Archaeology
		Kingston Archaeology Prehistory Fort Frontenac French Cataraqui Molly Brant Loyalist Kingstown 19th Cent.
		Marine archaeology is similar in philosophy and methodology to on-land archaeology, though the equipment employed may differ slightly.
		This sort of industrial and commercial activity was characteristic of the bustling port of Kingston in the mid nineteenth century, which, between 1841 and 1843, served as the capital of the Province of Canada.
	www.carf.info /kingstonpast/marinearchaeology.php (3486 words)

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