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	Highlights:
		It was the first rail line founded by the state and owned predominantly by it, and the company—together with its predecessors— would play a pivotal role in North Carolina’s economic development.
		The North Carolina Railroad Company was created by the General Assembly in 1848, although efforts had begun as early as 1833 to pass legislation to sponsor a railroad.
		The 1848 plan stated that the state would purchase $2 million in company shares while another $1 million would be sold to the public.
	docsouth.unc.edu /highlights/railroad.html (519 words)

	1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		February 2: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican–American War and ceding all the Republic of Texas's territorial claims to the United States for $15m.
		The Revolutions of 1848, a series of widespread but mostly failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
		September 12 - One of the few successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1848 (1412 words)

	Transportation
		The advent of steam-powered vessels after the War of 1812 had significantly shortened the travel time between destinations on navigable bodies of water and the city was advantageously situated at the mouth of the Chicago River on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan.
		Chicagoans correctly perceived transportation as both a cause and an effect of urban development and they strove to enhance their facilities.
		But an all-rail link between Chicago and New York City was not forged until 1858, when a unit of the Pennsylvania system, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago, opened its Chicago extension.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1269.html (1290 words)

	Chapter 4: Building Australia's First Railways, 1848-1873 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This was conceived from the beginning as a total transportation system, carrying a wide range of commodities as well as passengers in different classes of accommodation in scheduled trains run by the company.
		It is a peculiar measurement, which probably arose from the fact that the rails were laid five feet apart measured across their outside faces, thereby creating what became the standard gauge between the rails' inner faces.
		Once the rails had reached the Murray, Melbourne was assured at least of the temporary economic domination of the rich pastoral districts of southwestern New South Wales.
	www.ahc.gov.au /publications/national-stories/transport/chapter4.html (4795 words)

	1804-2004 - 200th Anniversary of Trevithick's Penydarren
		The history of rail transport can be traced, in the style of James Burke's popular books and PBS "Connections" documentaries, back to Roman times, and beyond.
		One story that surfaces regularly claims that the width of modern rails in the U.S. was determined by the width of two Roman horses' hind-quarters, and while that claim was long ago debunked, the real story of how mankind got from oxcarts to the bullet-train is no less intricate and fascinating.
		The use of wagons mounted on wooden and iron rails evolved in England and Europe, starting in the 16th century, as a means of moving goods within mines, quarries, and factories, and by 1767 cast-iron rails were being produced.
	alphabetilately.com /trevithick.html (1522 words)

	ConnDOT: Chapter 1 DOT History
		Water transportation had always been popular and favorable on the Connecticut River, for commerce as well as travel, and the river was still a very active waterway in these years.
		Rail lines along the coast opened between New London and New Haven in 1850, and between New London and Stonington in 1858.
		Rail expansion continued until 1920, when there were 938 miles of track in the state.
	www.ct.gov /dot/cwp/view.asp?a=1380&Q=259692&dotPNavCtr= (4092 words)

	Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum Education
		Railroads needed better engineering of bridges and roadbeds, stronger rails, better methods for communicating, improved ways to control trains, and safer brakes and couplers.hese last two were especially important to railroad safety and are good examples of how long it took to get a good idea to be used.
		The distance between the rails is known as the gauge of the track.
		The rails are held to the ties by large spikes which also keep the track in gauge.
	www.berkshirescenicrailroad.com /education.php (7600 words)

	An Outline of American Geography - Chapter 5
		Transportation lines were improved and expanded to carry the tremendous volume of agricultural products grown on the region's farms.
		The foundations for the growth of the region are reflected in the gradual shift of transportation concentration as railroad lines began to be spread across the interior plains.
		The main effects of transport innovations such as the automobile and the airplane were to increase individual mobility and to minimize the impact of shipment costs in the production process.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/geography/geog05.htm (3228 words)

	MIM Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The RAIL comrade was pretty ticked at Nairn's definition of the social base for "progressive foreign policy," which is the term Nairn used.
		RAIL was invited by the organizers to table in the main conference room.
		While RAIL would like to see this video again before we form a final opinion on it (in particular, we would like to examine some of the comments about assimilation) the video boldly confronts the Amerikan assault on the indigenous people of the Philippines, and challenges the audience to confront their own stereotypes.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/mn/mn.php?issue=163 (13786 words)

	Cape Cod Rail Trail
		The Cape Cod Rail Trail follows a former railroad right-of-way for 22 miles through the towns of Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Orleans, Eastham and Wellfleet.
		As the Cape’s popularity as a summer resort increased, the railroad was heavily used to transport visitors from New York and Connecticut, as well as other parts of Massachusetts.
		The Cape Cod Rail Trail is located in the mid-Cape area, in southeastern Massachusetts.
	www.mass.gov /dcr/parks/southeast/ccrt.htm (565 words)

	1848 Information
		February 2: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican–American War and ceding all the Republic of Texas's territorial claims to the United States for $15m.
		The Revolutions of 1848, a series of widespread but mostly failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
		September 12 - One of the few successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
	www.bookrags.com /1848 (1389 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
		The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas
		1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /1848 (1177 words)

	HVCEO - HISTORY OF RAIL LINES IN THE HOUSATONIC VALLEY, CT REGION
		In 1835 a rail charter was granted by the Connecticut Legislature to an enterprise known as the "Fairfield County Railroad." The charter was established only to build a railroad between Danbury and Long Island Sound.
		Raising the necessary construction funds, $230,000, proved difficult for the size of the population the rail line was to serve.
		In October of 1970, the Connecticut Department of Transportation (Conn DOT) and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York (MTA) entered into an agreement effective 1/1/1971 to oversee the operation of the New Haven Line by Penn Central and to jointly fund the operating deficit.
	www.hvceo.org /transport/railhistory.php (3383 words)

	Ron's Liverpool - Railways
		The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (LMR) was officially opened on the 15th of September, 1830 and was the first railway as we know them today - the world's first public railway operated by steam from the outset and the first intercity railway.
		The idea soon caught-on and many new lines were built to form a rail network all over Britain.
		In 1848, rival company the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) opened a second route from Liverpool to Manchester.
	members.ispwest.com /ronsmith/liverpool/rail.htm (523 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Transportation was a major problem facing early settlers in Texas.
		The Texas Transportation Company, a short switching line at San Antonio, continues to be electrically operated, although it was never a part of the Texas interurban system.
		This, along with the failure of the proposed Texas high-speed rail connecting the four major cities to obtain financing, meant that additional rail passenger service in Texas was unlikely.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/RR/eqr1.html (4319 words)

	Salt Lake City History \| Utah.com
		A treaty signed in 1848 ceded it to the United States, and in 1850, the "State of Deseret" became the Utah Territory.
		Many people traveled by rail to see the "City of the Saints." Some stayed to make and to lose their fortunes in mining.
		Transportation projects have included the I-15 freeway reconstruction and the launch of TRAX, a $312 million light-rail system which transports passengers north and south through the Salt Lake valley and downtown.
	www.utah.com /cities/slc_history.htm (1146 words)

	History of Transportation & Communications to Califoria
		The ill fated Donner party became snowbound at Donner Lake in the winter of 1846-47 and 42 of 91 people in the party died.
		In 1848 the Mormon Emigrant Trail over Carson Pass was established as an alternative to the difficult Truckee route.
		The first regular mail service to California was started in 1848 when the Post Office Department contracted with the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to transport the mail via two ships and a rail link across the isthmus at Panama.
	www.geocities.com /dtmcbride/hist/calif/i80-hist.html (2507 words)

	sociology - Austria-Hungary
		Rail transport expanded rapidly in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		This period marked the beginning of widespread rail transportation in Austria-Hungary, and also the integration of transportation systems in the area.
		After 1879 the Austro-Hungarian government slowly began to re-nationalize the rail network, largely because of the sluggish pace of development during the worldwide depression of the 1870s.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Dual_Monarchy (3073 words)

	Women's Rights NHP: Special History Study (Chapter 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To comprehend the significance of the 1848 Women's Rights Convention, it is necessary to understand the milieu in which it occurred.
		In 1848, Seneca Falls was in the midst of a major social and economic change.
		The location of the new railroad depot on the north side of the river shifted the transport and passenger emphasis from the canal on the south side to the railroad on the north side.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/wori/shs1.htm (9173 words)

	Caledonia - Along the Grand River - By River and Rail
		The river was still being used in the early 1870’s to transport gypsum from York to Caledonia, where it was hauled by team and wagon to the train station and shipped by rail to Paris for processing.
		The rail bed had been graded and was ready for ties and rails from Hamilton to Caledonia, but the need for more money brought construction to a standstill.
		Despite the consequences of competition between the river and rail industries, over the years the train made many major contributions to the community, in time earning a special place in the hearts of Caledonians.
	www.electricscotland.com /canada/caledonia/caledonia_2.htm (2273 words)

	MISSISSIPPI RAIL GROUP
		The provisions of this section shall be enforced by the Mississippi Department of Transportation.
		For the purposes of this section the words "railroad track materials" shall mean any rail, switch component, spike, angle bar, tie plate or bolt of the type used in constructing railroads.
		For the purposes of this section the words "copper materials" shall mean copper or brass materials, either hard drawn or soft drawn, copper wire or cable of the type used by public utilities or common carriers or brass pipe or fitting or any combination of these.
	www.ksry.com /police.htm (4358 words)

	Dartmo.: All that Remains of Lewiston, Vermont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Lewiston stood just on the Vermont side of the Ledyard Bridge and was centered around a rail station that served the area as a crucial transport hub.
		As transportation networks grew in the nineteenth century Lewiston continued to claim the status as the hub for the area.
		In 1848 the Passumpsic and Connecticut Railroad laid its tracks through the village as the first line to serve the area.
	www.dartmo.com /lewiston/content.html (778 words)

	Ireland's Railway Systems
		This battery is used for road and rail transport, and has operated eighty-ton suburban passenger trains on the Great Southern Railways for several years without one failure.
		The rail omnibus has the advantage over the steam train of being able to stop at level crossings, in addition to stations, to pick up or set down passengers.
		Through rail communication between Belfast and Londonderry was, however, not established until the completion of the viaduct over the River Bann at Coleraine in 1860.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r051.html (9156 words)

	Early Railroads of New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The road was opened from Auburn to Geddes with wooden rails, June 8, 1838, at which date Sherwood's stage horses were put upon the line between Auburn and Geddes, and continued to draw the cars till June 4, 1839, when the "iron horse" was put on in their place.
		The charter was amended April 20th, 1837, so as to increase the capital stock $1,000,000, and authorized the directors to borrow to the amount of $400,000 for the completion of the road, and to secure the loan by a mortgage upon the property and stock of the company.
		The remainder of the road was laid upon longitudinal sills, upon which the sleepers rested; notched on both sides to secure the sills in their place, and also to receive the wood rail upon which rested the iron plate as in the first part of the road.
	www.catskillarchive.com /rrextra/abnyrr.Html (7737 words)

	Halifax County, Virginia, History
		The success of the B&O Railroad as a transportation link for the farmers and expanding regional markets convinced a majority of legislators that railroad construction was not only viable, but necessary for the economic health of the Commonwealth.
		Though the transport of hospital patients and prisoners added to the R&D railroad's use, they were a minor part of the large increase in traffic volume promulgated by the war.
		Virginia's transportation networks were one of the main Union targets during the war, and by 1865 were in ruins.
	www.oldhalifax.com /county/historicalMonograph.htm (11972 words)

	Mormon Pioneer NHT: Historic Resource Study (Chapter 6) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Another big difference between the early companies of 1847-1848 and subsequent parties is that once the trail was well established and trail routine and discipline fixed, the leadership of post-1848 companies was turned over to lower-level leaders and even to missionaries returning from their fields of labor.
		Another big rise in the use of rail travel was when the Hannibal and St. Joseph RR reached St. Joseph, Missouri, on the Missouri River in 1859, whence emigrants generally took riverboats to the Council Bluffs-Florence area and proceeded west.
		Rail travel, at least the accommodations most Mormon emigrants could afford, hadn't improved much over the conditions of the 1850s.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/mopi/hrs6.htm (4787 words)

	INDEPENDENCE TO THE CIVIL WAR: 1776-1861
		Lucretia Mott, a Quaker preacher and teacher, was one of four women to participate at the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society in Philadelphia in 1833, and became president of the Female Anti-Slavery Society.
		Rail transport began in 1827, operated at first by horse power or cables.
		In miles of rail and in total capital invested in railroads, Pennsylvania led all other states on the eve of the Civil War.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /WU01/VC/visitor_info/pa_history/III.htm (4035 words)

	Teacher Resources - Collection - Railroad Maps, 1828-1900
		The railroad's ability to transport troops and supplies was a major impetus for railroad mapping during the Civil War.
		Railroads were necessary to transport the farms' harvests to the cities.
		If students use public transportation in their daily lives, ask what they do with their old maps when the routes are changed and revised maps are printed.
	memory.loc.gov /learn/collections/rr/file.html (3745 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		In the past, ore bodies were discovered by prospectors in areas where veins were exposed on the surface, or by accident, as when gold was discovered in California in 1848.
		The explosive blast brings down and partially shatters a large chunk of the coal face, which is then loaded by machines into low, electrically propelled shuttle cars that bring the coal to a central loading point.
		The belts transport the coal to waiting shuttle cars or mine conveyor belts that carry it to the surface.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=216525 (3299 words)

	Albany Area Railroads -- History & Context, Mohawk & Hudson Chapter, National Railway Historical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While the Mohawk River was also a transportation conduit, it was not until the Erie Canal was constructed under Governor DeWitt Clinton in the 1820's that transportation to and from the west of the Capital District progressed substantially.
		To overcome these obstacles and to facilitate water transportation, canals were built paralleling the rivers and using them as a source of their water supply, eg.
		On the open or private right of way there was exposed third rail running along the track on the outside of one of the running rails and elevated a little in distance from the ground so the third rail shoes of the electric cars and locomotives could slide along it.
	www.crisny.org /not-for-profit/railroad/capdist.htm (6312 words)

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