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	AK/NATS 1850 6.0A -- Science and Pseudoscience
		It also seeks to determine whether the value placed on science as a form of knowledge is justified, by examining not only ways in which scientists have drawn boundaries between "orthodox" and "unorthodox" science, but also by examining "orthodoxies" and "unorthodoxies" and "pseudo-sciences" within science itself.
		In addition to the actual content of the course, one of the central aims of the course is to encourage students to develop their critical abilities by providing examples and models of critical reasoning (that is, non-dogmatic skepticism).
		A further aim is to provide an understanding of the nature and role of science, both historically and in contemporary perspective, and to provide a foundation for understanding and assessing science in contemporary society.
	www.ss.mtu.edu /faculty/sawalton/PS/syll.html (806 words)

	Utah Life Science Online
		American Association for the Advancement of Science founded in 1848 marked the emergence of a national scientific community in the United States, and was the first organization established to promote the development of science and engineering at the national level and to represent the interests of all its disciplines.
		The non-profit AAAS is open to all and fulfills its mission to "advance science and serve society" through initiatives that include science policy, international programs, science education, and public understanding of science.
		The University of Deseret, renamed the University of Utah in 1892, was founded in 1850 with classes beginning at the current Fort Douglas location in 1900.
	www.utahlifescience.com /biohistory.htm?pp=1 (3611 words)

	Association for Psychological Science - Teaching Tips
		However, one of the three cornerstones of methodology emphasized by McGuigan, the philosophy of science, has tended to be neglected in current texts, and this omission has resulted in a failure to provide students with an adequate understanding of contemporary science.
		The impression most methodology texts convey is that science is to be identified with hypothesis testing and falsification of hypotheses, two views that originated as much in philosophic as in scientific practice.
		As regards explanatory theories, there were many such theories in science that were originally proposed on the basis of their explanatory capacity that initially did not entail novel predictions but turned out to be highly useful predictive devices.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /teaching/tips/tips_0103.html (2986 words)

	AK/NATS 1850 6.0A -- Science and Pseudoscience
		Science needed to be cleared of "frivolous disputations, confutations and verbosities" of philosophers who based everything on a priori ideas derived from Plato and Aristotle.
		By the end of the 19thC it became clear that much of science was not coming directly from sense-observation, esp. in physics.
		Science had developed all sorts of models of the world which were convenient analogies for the reality we were seeing.
	www.ss.mtu.edu /faculty/sawalton/PS/2july.html (1182 words)

	Vault.com.ru : Society : History : By Topic : Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Articles, and books on science, history and the history of science, including the history of astronomy, Tudor history and the history of Siberia.
		A timeline of the history of science that can be organized by either date, or alphabetically by scientist's name, with (very) basic data and some links.
		Report by the National Science Board and National Science Foundation on US science and technology, including education and Randamp;D, from World War II to the end of the 20th century.
	www.vault.com.ru /Society/History/By_Topic/Science (1381 words)

	This Week In Science - history of science
		History of Science Society - Dedicated to fostering popular interest and scholarly research in the history of science and its social and cultural relations.
		A Science and Technology Odyssey - A Timeline of the History of Science and Technology from 20,000 BC to 1800.
		Science Timeline - A chronology from the 7th millenium BC to the present day, with brief explanations of events in the history of Western natural philosophy and sciences.
	www.twis.org /science/history_of_science (1379 words)

	Chronology of Science in the United States 1850-1859
		The New Orleans Academy of Sciences was established.
		The organization that came to be known in 1868 as the California Academy of Sciences was founded at San Francisco as the California Academy of Natural Sciences.
		The Academy of Science of St. Louis was established.
	home.earthlink.net /~claelliott/chron1850.htm (2238 words)

	Open Directory - Society: History: By Topic: Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		History of Science and Technology - A timeline of the history of science that can be organized by either date, or alphabetically by scientist's name, with (very) basic data and some links.
		Science and Engineering Indicators - Report by the National Science Board and National Science Foundation on US science and technology, including education and RandD, from World War II to the end of the 20th century.
		Science and You - Several articles, mostly on history and philosophy of science, aimed at a lay audience.
	dmoz.org /Society/History/By_Topic/Science (1742 words)

	The Southeast Flood of 1850, Alaska Science Forum
		Oscar J. Noel of Fairbanks recently brought to my attention that, as late as 1850, a section of what is now the Alaska Highway southeast of Kluane Lake was under water due to glacial damming.
		Around 1850, when the ice dam finally broke, a massive flood swept down the valley of the lower Alsek and out to sea at Dry Bay.
		It is estimated that Lake Alsek drained in two to three days, creating an outrush of water that was equivalent to the Amazon, the mightiest river in the world.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF7/792.html (453 words)

	Wikipedia: 1850
		January 4 - The first American ice-skating club is formed (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
		January 29 - Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress
		March 7 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/1/18/1850.html (342 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Educational Resources: Experiments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Science Experiments You Can Do - A number of reasonably simple experiments and demonstrations that can be performed by kids, teachers and hobbyists.
		Science Hobbyist - A growing collection of papers on physical science projects for all ages.
		Wonderama: Explorations in Science Education - Wonderama is a Lansing based company providing assembly and hands-on programs in science and math to students in Michigan.
	dmoz.org /Science/Educational_Resources/Experiments (688 words)

	timelinescience - 1801 to 1850
		The Napoleonic wars are fought between England and France - the Duke of Wellington and his army defeats Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo on June 18 1815.
		The teaching of science changes dramatically during the period.
		It was to have been capable of storing instructions and performing mathematical calculations, and would have used punched cards as a form of memory.
	www.timelinescience.org /years/1850.htm (1868 words)

	CongressLink: [Congressional History] Lesson Plan: The Compromise of 1850
		The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five legislative enactments, passed by the U.S. Congress during August and September 1850.
		The third bill, a substantial concession to the South, was the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which provided for the return of runaway slaves to their masters.
		Explain the national significance of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and the Compromise of 1850.
	www.congresslink.org /print_lp_compromise1850.htm (650 words)

	1850 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1847 1848 1849 - 1850 - 1851 1852 1853
		* March 7 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
		Wapipedia > Index > 1 > 18 > 1850
	wapipedia.org /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=1850 (423 words)

	UPNE - Visual Cultures of Science: Luc Pauwels
		Issues of representation affect every aspect of scientific activity, from the encoding, display, analysis, and presentation of data to the communication of scientific concepts and information to students and the general public.
		The latter address such topics as the technologies of visualization (from X-ray machines to films made by anthropologists), the persuasive power of the graphic presentation of data (including a critique of the work of Edward Tufte), and the distillation of data into pedagogical representations such as scientific wall charts for classroom use.
		LUC PAUWELS is Associate Professor of Communication Science at the Univer-sity of Antwerp.
	www.upne.com /1-58465-511-9.html (483 words)

	2001 News Releases - Hubble Spies Hot, Young Star Cluster in Neighbor Galaxy
		The double cluster NGC 1850 lies in a neighboring satellite galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		Hubble can observe a range of star types in NGC 1850, including the faint, low-mass T-Tauri stars, which are difficult to distinguish with ground-based telescopes.
		NGC 1850, the brightest star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud, is in the southern constellation of Dorado, called the Goldfish or the Swordfish.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2001/ngc1850_010710.html (337 words)

	Science By Topic
		There is a lot of useful material for researchers in the History of Science (both beginners and the more experienced) here, but you will have to dig a bit through the site.
		Webpages, articles, and books on science, history and the history of science, including the history of astronomy, Tudor history and the history of Siberia.
		Report by the National Science Board and National Science Foundation on US science and technology, including education and R&D, from World War II to the end of the 20th century.
	www.findthelinks.com /dmozurl/Society/History/By_Topic/Science (2001 words)

	Dr. Dan Izzo's Storefront - Lulu.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are many gruesome tales that one might repeat of the tortures incident to the convict labor system, I saw women slugged, beaten, starved, gagged, and handcuffed to the steel bars of "blind cell" doors.
		This is believed the first reprinting since 1859, 1860 and is a poor ebook scan due to age and text of the works.
		It aims at presenting in simple language the essentials of a science which has reached a high degree of development and accuracy, but which like every other science, has been evolving and has not reached, nor will ever reach, the end of its evolution.
	www.lulu.com /sciencebooks (2152 words)

	Digital Librarian: Science
		Embassy of France: Office of Science and Technology - One of their English-language publications is FAST, a review of mainstream French press on issues of science and technology in France.
		Public Library of Science - "Non-profit organization of scientists committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature freely accessible..." The effort, initiated by Michael Eisen, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley, launches in early 2003.
		Science Magazine - Published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the site offers some articles in full-text and will post all its content, free, online a year after its original publication.
	www.digital-librarian.com /science.html (3894 words)

	ScienceDaily: To Control Climate Change, Alternative Energy Technologies Must Be Developed
		A study published in the March 28 issue of the journal Science, however, concludes that huge reductions in fossil-fuel carbon emissions will be required by the middle of this century -- regardless of the likely climate sensitivity.
		In their study, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the researchers constructed stabilization pathways that led to a 2 degree Celsius warming after the year 2150.
		Atmospheric chemistry -- Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/03/030328073115.htm (1750 words)

	Natural Science - Post 1850
		The fairy-land of science, by Arabella B. Buckley (Mrs.
		Elements of experimental and natural philosophy: being a familiar and early introduction to the study of the physical sciences...
		Science in sport made philosophy in earnest: being an attempt to illustrate some elementary principles of physical knowledge by means of toys and pastimes.
	www.bodley.ox.ac.uk /dept/scwmss/rarebooks/opie/opie-ff.htm (6464 words)

	Experiments Educational Resources Science
		- Science projects and kits for all ages.
		Looks at science data in the context of graphs and statistics.
		- Cool science tricks, experiments and activities that can be done anywhere including in restaurants.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Educational_Resources/Experiments (492 words)

	Meucci: The Real Inventor of the Telephone
		Born in 1808 in Florence, in 1845 he left his poor homeland to the new world.
		Initially obsessed with medical uses of electricity, Meucci realized soon that one could transmit voice via wire, and between 1850 and 1862 he developed at least 30 different models of telephone, although he was too poor to protect his inventions with a patent (this would have costed him $250, that he did not have).
		Even worse, he had to sell all his early models for $6 in 1870 when he fell ill. However in 1871 he managed to obtain a cheaper official document called a 'Caveat' stating his paternity of the invention (that he called teletrophone).
	www.popular-science.net /history/meucci_bell.html (471 words)

	Secularization of American Science \| ISERP
		This is a study of the development of the moral basis of professionalism through an examination of the differentiation of American and science and religion between 1850 and 1920.
		In addition, this project identifies the importance of the institutional character of competitors during profession building.
		The relationships between the development of scientists' arguments about the moral authority of science, and the development of industrial R and D, state-building, and the institutional weakening of American religion are examined.
	www.iserp.columbia.edu /research/seed_grants/getting_rid.html (229 words)

	ScienceDaily: Playing With Fire: Tools To Fight Terrorism
		ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. Networked sensors to detect the movement of hostile forces and materials and longer-term approaches for changing the environment in which terrorism breeds are being developed at Sandia National Laboratories.
		Acoustics -- Acoustics is a branch of physics that studies sound, namely mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids.
		Acoustics is the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception,...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/04/020426074851.htm (2628 words)

	Science Kits
		A set of 3 science kits which include Crazy Bubbles, DNA and BuckyBall.
		This Earth Science kit includes many top-notch Science...
		1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
	www.ucar.edu /sciencestore/cat38_1.htm (130 words)

	PHYSICS: Flux Qubit Completes the Hat Trick -- Clarke 299 (5614): 1850 -- Science
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		The author is in the Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and the Materials Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/summary/299/5614/1850?etoc (291 words)

	College of Arts and Science, Faculty Minutes, 1850-1964, 1967-1971
		RESTRICTED: To be used only with the approval of the Dean of the College of Arts and Science.
		Minutes for 1850-1964 (20 volumes) received from Ron Paprocki, Assistant to the Dean of the College of Arts and Science, March 21, 1975.
		Border based on a design by Claude Bragdon (1866-1946), whose Papers are housed in the
	www.library.rochester.edu /index.cfm?page=1494 (165 words)

	FORENSIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: Vaccine Theory of AIDS Origins Disputed at Royal Society -- Cohen 289 (5486): 1850 -- Science
		FORENSIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: Vaccine Theory of AIDS Origins Disputed at Royal Society -- Cohen 289 (5486): 1850 -- Science
		Home > Science Magazine > 15 September 2000 > Cohen, pp.
		But Hooper, unbowed, got in plenty of jabs of his own.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/summary/289/5486/1850 (257 words)

	Clunies Ross, William John - Bright Sparcs Biographical entry
		Some of the subjects he lectured include mineralogy, chemistry, geology, metallurgy, physiography, and geometrical drawing.
		Bachelor of Science (BSc) completed at King's College, University of London
		Published by Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre on ASAPWeb, 1994 - 2005
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/biogs/P001037b.htm (129 words)

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