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Topic: 1856 in archaeology

	Archaeology
		Archaeology Archaeology (or archeology) is the scientific study of human classics.
		Archaeology of Israel This entry discusses the archaeology of Israel as an academic and scientific discipline, an import...
		Underwater archaeology Underwater Archaeology is that branch of the discipline and science of Archaeology that is practi...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/archaeology.html (1165 words)

	Brief history of American Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeology as a discipline has its earliest origins in 15th- and 16th-century Europe, when the Renaissance Humanists looked back upon the glories of Greece and Rome.
		As well as how change occurred: The development of scientific archaeology in 19th-century Europe from the antiquarianism and treasure collecting of the previous three centuries was due to three things: -a geological revolution, -an antiquarian revolution, -and the propagation of the doctrine of evolution.
		In America (Samuel Haven, 1856, published Archaeology of the United States).
	archeos.org (245 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christian Archaeology
		Christian archaeology is that branch of the science of archaeology the object of which is the study of ancient Christian monuments.
		The principal aim of Christian archaeology, as indicated, is to ascertain all that is possible relative to the manners and customs of the early Christians from the monuments of Christian antiquity.
		As a consequence of this difficulty, differences of opinion exist among archaeologists as to the chronological limits to be assigned to Christian archaeology.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03705a.htm (4420 words)

	FREUD AND ARCHAEOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When he was born in 1856, Troy was a myth, and looting ancient treasures was a profitable business; at the end of his life, in 1939, archaeology was a science, and national archaeological museums had been established in many ancient cities, including Cairo and Athens.
		There is something smugly triumphant in Freud's [1930] assertion of psychoanalysis's advantage over archaeology, as though at last he had reached a long sought-for goal - his science finally besting the science with which it was most competitive (at least as much as with medicine) (Kuspit 1989: 136-9).
		A quite elaborate metaphor comparing the preservation of memories in the unconscious with the survival of the past structures of ancient Rome may be found in Civilization and its Discontents (Freud 1930, PFL 12:256-8).
	www.arts.uwa.edu.au /archaeology/Freud4.htm (7384 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography Sa-Sp
		In 1856 the diocese of Perth was founded and Short was relieved of the oversight of the whole of Western Australia, a difficult task especially in view of the limited means of communication.
		At the general election held in 1856 he was elected a member of the legislative assembly for Geelong and advocated a public bank of issue and the encouragement of immigration.
		Smith had been elected to the legislative council in 1851, and in 1856, when responsible government came in, he was elected a member of the legislative assembly as one of the representatives of Melbourne.
	gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogSa-Sp.html (21523 words)

	History of underwater archaeology
		Also, in 1856 the submerged settlement in the Zürich Lake was investigated by divers and historians.
		The first case of diving underwater archaeology may have been 1933-39 when the Swedish warship Elefanten (1564) was investigated by helmet divers together with historians.
		A pilot case for archaeology with scuba divers was the Grand Congloué wreck in France, investigated 1951-57 by Cousteau and Fernand Benoît.
	www.abc.se /~pa/uwa/history.htm (460 words)

	History
		Archaeology as we know it today is a relatively new field, with its core focus and methodology only coming after the 1800's.
		Archaeology in the modern sense began around the 1740's with wealthy European men, who went to Italy and brought back Classical antiquities with them.
		A British biologist Thomas Huxley thought it to be an ancestor of modern people...and the first to state a relationship between human beings and chimpanzees.
	www.geocities.com /trekerq/History.html (712 words)

	Lansing State Journal:MSU archaeology students digging for clues about early life on campus
		The dorm was built in 1856 and burned in 1876.
		• Built in 1856, it was the first dormitory for the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan.
		EAST LANSING - For a team of MSU archaeology students, the next six weeks are going to be about digging up dirt - dirt from a site in the oldest part of campus and maybe dirt on some of the school's first students.
	www.lsj.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050607/NEWS06/506070319/1001/NEWS01 (567 words)

	Max Uhle Biography
		Max Uhle is considered the father of archaeology in South America because of the unparalleled amount of time and research that he has devoted to the development of South American archaeology.
		He begins this lecture by stating that archaeology is the search and "study of lost civilizationsfor the progress of the civilizations of the present" (Uhle in Rowe 1954:54).
		During this period archaeology was going through a phase referred to as "culture history," which is the process of determining the date and place of what took place.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/wilson/ant304/biography/arybios98/morrisbio.html (1821 words)

	More Information
		North American archaeology is the story of the development of a systematic means to try to answer these questions.
		The time-line that follows is a brief summary of some of the highlights of the story of North American archaeology.
		1856 – Samuel Haven wrote a review of the state of North American archaeology.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/archaeology/timeline/history.html (701 words)

	Government of Saskatchewan - archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Below are the top 25 results of a search for "archaeology" across all Government of Saskatchewan websites.
		Archaeology: The study of past human life and culture through the recovery and examination of...
		Archaeology and History of Fort Pelly 1: 1824 – 1856...
	www.gov.sk.ca /topics/keyword/keyword?topic=government&keyword=180 (418 words)

	Neandertal Finds
		In a sensational discovery in the Neander Valley, two German archaeologists have found not only the location of the cave which yielded the bones of the original Neandertal to quarrymen in August 1856, but also at least one fragment of the same individual and at least two pieces of a second skeleton.
		Ralf Schmitz and Jürgen Thissen of the Rhineland Archaeological Service were guided to the location of the cave, destroyed long ago by quarrying, by bat teeth and fragments of stalactites in the damp earth, as well as by romantic nineteenth-century paintings of the site near the Düssel River.
		The discoverers hope that since their new finds are fresh from the ground, they may prove to be far more useful for dating and genetic analysis than the bones from 1856, which have been contaminated by almost a century and a half of handling.
	www.archaeology.org /9903/newsbriefs/neander.html (300 words)

	FSTS Sources - Papers - ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL MINNEAPOLIS RIVERFRONT: PART 1 Archaeological Site Inventory - ...
		Bassett sold his land north of the creek in 1856 to Bradford and Garland to be platted into lots.
		Here he established a farm and lived until 1856 when he sold the land north of the creek.
		The building was damaged by a boiler explosion in 1856 soon after it went into operation.
	www.fromsitetostory.org /sources/papers/mnarch48/48inv-bc.asp (4305 words)

	1857 in archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Offers training in archaeology and history for television, new media in archaeology, archaeology and TV research, and programme making.
		Graduate school in archaeology at Bristol University, UK, offering MA programs (masters) in historical archaeology, landscape archaeology, archaeology for screen media, and maritime archaeology.
		Archaeology field schools in historical archaeology, prehistoric archaeology and landscape archaeology.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=1857_in_archaeology (1384 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The assumption that they are therefore contemporary is usually valid in geology, with its enormous time spans, but certainly not in archaeology, where time lag must be allowed for.
		The numerical evaluation of the affinity or similarity between taxonomic units and the ordering of these units into taxa on the basis of their affinities is used often in archaeology.
		He was one of the first to use artifact style and stratigraphic associations to produce a chronological sequence.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=ax (5168 words)

	Bible Archaeology Seminars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Yearam said that his father was hired by some scientists (atheists) as a guide to find the Ark. The Atheists discovering the Ark to be true, tried to destroy the vessel, failed to do so and swore an oath to never speak of the incident.
		Archaeology has also revealed that the Hyksos buried their people in the fetal position and were involved in human sacrifice.
		Though archaeology has been growing in popularity with Blums book "The Gold of the Exodus" I dont think the end justifies the means.
	adcommunications.org /Artifacts,Articles,BibArch.htm (7866 words)

	AREA - archives of european archaeology
		In archaeology, followers of the first researchers institutionalized the organization of research, local syntheses began to be developed and all new discoveries were from then on interpreted within a supposedly known and understood schema.
		At this time, the birth of an official archaeology occurs: a department of excavation is developed at the Museum of Art and History in Brussels.
		With the creation of the Institute of Archaeology, a desire to communicate with other societies abroad led to the publication of a periodic Bulletin, which described activities and contributed to the development of archaeological and historical sciences.
	www.area-archives.org /belgium.htm (1913 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Thomas E. Watson (1856-1922)
		NGE >> History and Archaeology >> Late Nineteenth Century, 1877-1900 >> People >> Thomas E. Watson (1856-1922)
		He is known as a voice for populism and the disenfranchised, and later in life, as a southern demagogue and bigot.
		Born on September 5, 1856, on a plantation in Columbia County (the area today is part of McDuffie County), Edward Thomas Watson (later Thomas Edward Watson) understood the culture of the antebellum South.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2540 (1653 words)

	2
		By 1856, the two granite and marble wings were completed, and work was soon to commence on the North Wing (1857-67), also of marble.
		Until 1856, garbage collection was performed on a limited, cyclical basis by ward scavengers.
		It was not until 1856 that the city began a systematic garbage collection campaign, requiring that citizens “collect solid and fluid offals in separate vessels, so that a city contractor could collect them” (Crane 2000:22).
	www.si.edu /oahp/patent/2.0Results.htm (7018 words)

	African-American Archaeology
		On Block #30 (23SA451), archaeology has the potential to interpret African-American history from slavery to freedom in an urban context.
		Between 1856 and the 1870s, Block #30 was the site of a stoneware manufacturing site operated by Caldwell & McCumber.
		Information compiled from the Missouri Humanities Grant project will be used to compare and interpret the archaeology of Block #30.
	www.umsl.edu /services/library/blackstudies/baumann.htm (926 words)

	JFK - Dallas County Administration Building, SMU archaeology
		The work was performed by the Archaeology Research Program, Institute for the Study of Earth and Man at Southern Methodist University and funded by Dallas County.
		The final report was written, edited, and produced by the Archaeology Research Program, Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute, Mercyhurst College, under the direction of J. Adovasio, Ph.D., Principal Investigator for the final report.
		1856), were the first occupants of Dwelling B on Block 10/13), and as such would have been the neighbors of George and Mary Baird, who resided on Lots 7 and 8 in the southeastern quarter of Block 10/13 during the period 1853-1859.
	www.smu.edu /anthro/collections/DCAB.html (12037 words)

	archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SJSU Archaeology student Meredith King uses a screen to look for artifacts from a dig in back of Forbes Mill.
		When James Alexander Forbes broke ground for his four-story flour mill in 1850, he picked a spot next to Los Gatos Creek, where he could draw enough water to power a pair of 20-foot wheels.
		Forbes went bankrupt and sold the mill in 1856 and a later owner bagged the last sack of flour in 1887.
	www.svcn.com /archives/lgwt/09.04.96/archaeology.html (496 words)

	ISDP - Aerial Photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This image was created by scanning the original 1856 Monroe County plat map, which is located at the Monroe County Historical Society.
		Image scanning was completed by Staffan Peterson of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology at Indiana University.
		The 1856 Monroe County plat map is available in both TIF and MrSID formats.
	www.indiana.edu /~gisdata/monroe/monroe1856plat.htm (74 words)

	Neandertal DNA
		The humerus was found by quarry workers in the Feldhofer Cave, near Dusseldorf, Germany, in 1856, along with the top of a cranium, two femurs (upper leg bones), right radius and ulna (lower arm bones), part of the left ilium (pelvis), and fragments of a shoulder blade and ribs.
		Although this date must be qualified (it is based on one specimen only, and the DNA clock may or may not be as accurate as we assume), it is in accord with the fossil record.
		Osteological characteristics of the 300,000-year-old remains from the Sima de los Huesos in northern Spain (see "Faces from the Past," ARCHAEOLOGY, May/June 1997) and the 400,000- to 500,000-year-old jaw from Mauer, Germany, indicate that these humans, generally classified as Homo heidelbergensis, are ancestral to Neandertals.
	www.archaeology.org /online/news/dna.html (1188 words)

	IBSS - News - Archaeology/Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Joash Tablet: A bigger biblical archaeology tempest is swirling around the Joash inscription, which describes repairs to the First Temple in language very similar to 2 Kings 12.
		The Biblical Archaeology Society would like to locate experts who specialize in isotopic geology who will be in a position to evaluate, when it is released, the report of the Israel Antiquities Authority committee that declared the James ossuary inscription to be a forgery.
		You wouldn’t think that agreeing on a name for the intersection of Biblical studies and archaeology would be so difficult—but it is. A senior excavator describes the ideological battles that make finding a name so difficult.
	www.bibleandscience.com /news/2003/archaeology.htm (10705 words)

	Keip & von Delft GmbH at antiqbook.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cambridge/MA, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 1926-1986.
		Cambridge MA, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 1977.
		Journal of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/auv/books2000.shtml (4333 words)

	Archaeology - Government Museum, Chennai
		Raman, a veteran professor of Archaeology and K.T. Narasimhan, the Superintending Archaeologist, Archaeological Survey of India, Chennai.
		During the course of his visit to this place in 1835 AD, Sir Frederick Adam, Governor of Madras, saw the slabs and ordered that these be sent to Madras for preservation in the Museum of the Madras Literary Society.
		Dr.Balfour, soon after taking charge of the Madras Central Museum, began his efforts in getting the aforesaid slabs and the first batch arrived here in 1856 AD and in 1859 AD, most of them were sent to Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India and lodged in the India Museum.
	www.chennaimuseum.org /draft/gallery/01/arch.htm (3294 words)

	Stanford Journal of Archaeology
		Lower, as Secretary of the Sussex Archaeological Society, was informed that a flint-digger had found a "British urn twelve inches in height and containing the burnt bones of a human body" upon opening up a tumulus at Mount Harry.
		For example, the Rosetta Stone was discovered under Napoleon in Egypt in 1799, and the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphic script was made possible through the scientific rigor of French scholar Jean François Champollion in 1822.
		In prehistoric archaeology, there were numerous discoveries in other countries.
	archaeology.stanford.edu /journal/newdraft/chung/paperpage.html (3892 words)

	Consulting Archaeology Program - Current Projects
		Archaeological investigations were undertaken from 1994-2000 at the Old Burial Ground, a historic cemetery in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in advance of renovations at the Caledonia County Courthouse.
		The cemetery was used from 1790 until 1856, prior to the construction of the original courthouse building.
		Most of the individuals in the original cemetery were exhumed and moved to another cemetery in town before the courthouse was built.
	www.uvm.edu /~uvmcap/current.html (271 words)

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