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| | Professor John Gerring: Party Ideologies |
 | | Primary sources: Blaine (1887), Cleveland (1892; 1909), Proceedings of the Eighth Republican National Convention, 1884 (1884), Schlesinger (1971, 2). |
 | | Republican spokespersons: Anonymous (6), Henry C. Carey (1), James A. Garfield (2), Rutherford B. Hayes (1), William A. Wheeler (1). |
 | | Republican spokespersons: Chester A. Arthur (1), Roscoe Conkling (1), James A. Garfield (12), Ulysses S. Grant (1), John A. Logan (2), Richard J. Oglesby (1), Carl Schurz (1), John Sherman (1). |
| www.bu.edu /polisci/JGERRING/PartyIdeol.html |
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