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Topic: 1862 in archaeology

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	Archaeology on the Battlefields by James Madison University
		Archaeological evidence of the "stone wall" of behind which Longstreet's infantry massed on December 13, 1862, which had been removed shortly after the Civil War, was located, as were remains of the mid 19th century earthen road surface upon which the troops stood in preparation to receive the advancing Union infantry.
		Prior to the events of December 1862 through May of 1863, Willis Hill served as the prestigious plantation or rural home of the Willis and then Wellford families, Col. Henry Willis being a key player in the early history of Fredericksburg.
		Archaeology carried out in the fall of the year will continue to search for evidence of the Confederate batteries and other domestic and military features in the area of the Willis plantation and family cemetery.
	www.nps.gov /frsp/jmu.htm (1352 words)

	The Archaeology of Battlefields
		On the one hand archaeology is very popular with the public, although most of it still seems to be perceived as finding things rather than studying the past through material culture.
		I believe one of the areas where the value of historical archaeology relative to prehistoric studies in not fully utilized or appreciated is in conflict archaeology studies.
		Archaeology is predicated on the principle that human behavior leaves behind physical evidence that is patterned, recoverable, and interpretable.
	www.archaeology.org /online/interviews/scott.html (2160 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Thomas R. R. Cobb (1823-1862)
		He fought for the Confederacy as a brigadier general and was killed at the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862.
		In October 1862, after assuming command of a brigade formerly led by his brother, Cobb was finally promoted by Lee to brigadier general.
		He was killed at the Battle of Fredericksburg in Virginia in December 1862.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/AntebellumEra/People1&id=h-2487 (1105 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Black Troops in Civil War Georgia
		Enlistment occurred in two distinct phases, beginning on the federally occupied Sea Islands of Georgia and South Carolina in 1862-63, and resuming in northwestern Georgia and southern Tennessee in mid-1864, during the latter stages of the Atlanta campaign.
		With the surrender of Fort Pulaski in the Savannah harbor on April 11, the state's coast fell under Northern control, and Georgia slaves began making their way to Union lines.
		On April 7, 1862, Abraham Murchison, an escaped slave preacher from Savannah, helped recruit 150 former slaves for a fl regiment being organized by General David Hunter at Hilton Head, South Carolina.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/CivilWarandReconstruction/GroupsOrganizations-10&id=h-783 (953 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 1863 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		See also: 1862 in literature, other events of 1863, 1864 in literature, list of years in literature.
		See also: 1862 in music, other events of 1863, 1864 in music and the list of years in music.
		The Homestead Act of 1862 is a piece of U.S. legislation which gave one quarter of a section of a township (160 acres, or about 65 hectares) of undeveloped land in the American West to any family head or person that was at least 21 years of age, provided...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1863 (8552 words)

	Forbidden Archaeology: Antievolutionism Outside the Christian Arena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A foundation of the book’s arguments is that the research of the 19th- and early-20th-century scientists (esp. those presenting anomalous evidence for the antiquity of modern-type humans) should be considered equivalently factual relative to modern reports.
		A typical example of this problem in Forbidden Archaeology is a discussion of a Miocene fossil bone purportedly incised with tools, which is supposed to indicate the existence of tool-making humans in the Miocene age (p.
		Yet Forbidden Archaeology does not mention the responses to these claims by several professionals, which casts the nature of these finds in doubt (Cole and Godfrey 1977; Cole, Funk, Godfrey, and Starna 1978; Funk 1977, Starna 1977; a reply to the criticisms is in Raemsch 1978).
	www.ramtops.co.uk /tarzia.html (6048 words)

	Lamb, Winifred (1894—1963), archaeologist and museum curator, was born on 3 November 1894 in London, the only child of ...
		Despite the frustrations of the excavation, Lamb wrote home to her mother, ‘Archaeology is a wonderful life’, and expressed the view that she was now ready to start excavating on her own.
		Her father died in January 1925, and it was not until the autumn of 1928 that Lamb opened a trial excavation at Methymna on the island of Lesbos, although the lack of stratigraphy meant that she abandoned future plans to work there.
		Lamb was to serve as the Institute’s honorary secretary from 1948 to 1957, and subsequently as a Vice-President.
	www.swan.ac.uk /classics/staff/dg/lamb/lamb.htm (1281 words)

	Sibley House
		The Minnesota Historical Society's Archaeology Departmentand the Minnesota Archaeological Research Program (MARP) are pleased to welcome you to internet access of ongoing archaeological excavations at a multi-component site containing occupations associated with the 19th century American fur trade and elements of the heritage of pre-contact Native Americans.
		The project is being directed by Dr. Robert A. Clouse, head of the MHS Archaeology Department and adjunct professor at the University of Minnesota.
		In 1862 he built a new home and moved his family to St. Paul and a few years later sold the Mendota house to the Catholic church.
	www1.umn.edu /marp/dig/site1.html (1267 words)

	MS Potters
		The objective materialism of archaeology has a role to play in reconciling those myths with historical reality by examining the physical aspect of the cultural environment of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		The purported dependence on the tenant on the plantation commissary and of the planter on bankers, cotton factors, and the urban supply hubs are two facets of history as popularly construed that immediately come to mind.
		Archaeology is often confounded when confronted with sites known to have had frequent shifts in occupants, an occupation structure folklore ascribes to most tenant farms (on closer examination cases are always found where a family stayed many years on a particular piece of ground).
	www.deltaarchaeology.us /ms_potters.htm (16047 words)

	Crye men from Southern states who served in the War Between the States
		June 10, 1862 he is listed with a Bounty Payroll card paying $50.00 and he is present, May and June 1862 he is listed as present last paid by H.T. Massingale.
		His military record consists of four cards, he enrolled in Athens Tn May 31, 1862 for 3 years, he was on roll May to August 1862 and was charged 36.80 for use of horse, and Sept and Oct 1862 he was transferred to Co. I, 12, TN Vols.
		On the Sept and October 1862 card it states he joined in Ooletawah, TN (which is about 30 miles from Cleveland, TN), he is present on each of the following cards through May and June 1863.
	members.tripod.com /~Archaeology/cryesouth.html (1174 words)

	Current Archaeology Information Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		AOC Archaeology Group is one of the UK's leading archaeological practices, providing a comprehensive range of services, tailored to our clients’ heritage needs.
		The equivalent of the Council for British Archaeology in Scotland.
		Volumes of printed 'Transactions and Proceedings 'have been published annually since 1862: Indices to the papers are available on the Society's Webpage.
	www.archaeology.co.uk /directory/results.asp?cat=2&res=1®ion=1 (805 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 1861 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		See also: 1860 in art, other events of 1862, 1862 in art, list of years in art.
		See also: 1860 in literature, other events of 1861, 1862 in literature, list of years in literature.
		See also: 1860 in music, other events of 1861, 1862 in music and the list of years in music.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1861 (9129 words)

	events
		Archaeology Meeting 1: This is the first of a series of monthly meetings concerning current archaeological research and fieldwork in the county and beyond.
		Archaeology Meeting 2: “More rubbish about Dorchester – The excavation of the late 19th- and early 20th-century rubbish dumps at Poundbury and Red Cow Farm, Dorchester, 2004 – 2006” by Andrew Lane, ALD Excavations.
		Archaeology Meeting 7: the first Field Meeting: “Walking the South Dorset Ridgeway – an exploration of the prehistoric monuments and their landscape”, another walk, the thirteenth, following those of previous years, will be to Clandon Barrow.
	www.dorsetcountymuseum.org /events.htm (1805 words)

	Canal Boats
		During the summer of 1997 the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology collaborated in the study of two canal boat wrecks sunk off the New York shore.
		Sailing was accomplished by stepping one or two masts in boxes (called ‘tabernacles’) on deck, and by lowering a centerboard through the bottom of the hull.
		This type of sloop-rigged canal sloop was common in the period between 1840 and 1862.
	ina.tamu.edu /LCcanalboats.htm (833 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - Discovering the Decades: 1860s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Although there was little fighting near Alexandria, the influx of so many soldiers meant that residents would no longer experience the peace of the antebellum period.
		Upon taking office as Military Governor of Virginia in 1862, General Slough instituted a curfew and a ban on sales of alcohol to soldiers, noting that there had been for days previous, a reign of terror in Alexandria.
		The streets were crowded with intoxicated soldiery; murder was of almost hourly occurrence and disturbances, robbery and riot were constant.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/decades/ar-decades-1860.html (2147 words)

	List of years in archaeology
		Graduate school in archaeology at Bristol University, UK, offering MA programs (masters) in historical archaeology, landscape archaeology, archaeology for screen media, and maritime archaeology.
		Archaeology field schools in historical archaeology, prehistoric archaeology and landscape archaeology.
		A state history and archaeology museum that explores the changing cultures and environment of the Chesapeake Bay region of the past 12,000 years.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=List_of_years_in_archaeology (2004 words)

	MN Office of State Archaeologist - Archaeology Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Archaeology in the Rice Creek Chain of Lakes
		Admission to Historic Fort Snelling is free for the weekend.
		The event is open to the public, with free admission to the grounds for archaeology activities only.
	www.admin.state.mn.us /osa/archweek.html (1561 words)

	Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When appointed as Professor of Irish history and archaeology at the newly-established Catholic University of Ireland, O'Curry decided to undertake an 'attempt to analyze the contents of the whole body of manuscripts in the Gaedhelic language, the investigation of which must form an indispensable preliminary to the accurate study of the History of the country'.
		This work is the fruit of that attempt: it comprises twenty-one lectures, devoted to the annalistic, genealogical, historical, mythological, and ecclesiastical writings of ancient and medieval Ireland.
		O'Curry was appointed Professor of Irish History and Archaeology on the establishment of the Catholic University of Ireland by John Henry Newman, who was known to have attended many of his lectures.
	www.four-courts-press.ie /cgi/bookshow.cgi?file=mauscrt.xml (598 words)

	Cape Town's Neglected Industrial Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The purpose of this paper is to examine the depressed state of Industrial Archaeology as a discipline in South Africa, and to consider how this impacts on conservation of the industrial heritage in the city of Cape Town.
		Professor Martin Hall wrote in 1989 that, "relatively little attention would be given to a snuff and tobacco factory in Cape Town, because Industrial Archaeology of the late nineteenth century is not a research focus" confirming Industrial Archaeology’s place in the twilight zone of archaeology.
		By 1862 the company supplied 253 street lamps, nearly all public and mercantile buildings, and a considerable number of private residences.
	www.meg.uct.ac.za /worth/neglect.htm (3954 words)

	Historical Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Archaeology Program of La Trobe University embarked on the project in February this year, with the support of the NSW Heritage Office.
		In 1848 a Female Immigration Depot occupied all three floors, and in 1862 a Government Asylum for Infirm and Destitute Women was established on the third floor.
		The Archaeology of the Modern City (EAMC) is funded by the Australian Research Council Linkage Scheme (formerly SPIRT) and conducted by La Trobe University with the Historic Houses Trust of NSW, Godden Mackay Logan, Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, NSW Heritage Office, Heritage Victoria and Sydney City Council as industry partners.
	www.heritage.nsw.gov.au /heritagensw/spr01/3_arta.htm (760 words)

	Archaeology - Office of Cultural & Historical Programs
		Inland development in the early 19th century allowed St. Augustine to become a mercantile center in spite of the limitations of its harbor.
		During the Civil War St. Augustine's harbor was blockaded by Union forces from 1862 until war’s end.
		After the War the harbor, still constricted by sandbars at its entrance, failed to attract the commerce of other Florida ports.
	dhr.dos.state.fl.us /archaeology/underwater/maritime/ports/port.cfm?name=St_Augustine (218 words)

	Scuba Duba: Underwater Archaeology & Museums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The museum is also active in underwater archaeology, using a modern side scan sonar to search for sunken ships.
		Her rediscovery and raising were one of the seminal events in the history of nautical archaeology.
		Their building includes maintance workshop facilities, archaeology and conservation laboratories and a small museum and artifact display area.
	www.scubaduba.com /wreck/nfarchaeology.html (1530 words)

	Stanford Journal of Archaeology
		Lower, as Secretary of the Sussex Archaeological Society, was informed that a flint-digger had found a "British urn twelve inches in height and containing the burnt bones of a human body" upon opening up a tumulus at Mount Harry.
		For example, the Rosetta Stone was discovered under Napoleon in Egypt in 1799, and the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphic script was made possible through the scientific rigor of French scholar Jean François Champollion in 1822.
		In prehistoric archaeology, there were numerous discoveries in other countries.
	archaeology.stanford.edu /journal/newdraft/chung/paperpage.html (3892 words)

	- Pow Wow: Dakota Mahkato Mdewakanton Wacipi -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 2,000 articles on native american ...
		Poverty, starvation, and general suffering led to unrest that in 1862 culminated in the U.S.-Dakota Conflict, which launched a series of Indian wars on the northern plains that did not end until the battle of Wounded Knee in 1890.
		In 1862, when most of America was consumed by the Civil War, fighting broke out between the Dakota and white settlers in Minnesota.
		On December 26, 1862, in the largest mass execution ever in the United States, 38 Dakota were hanged in Mankato.
	www.aaanativearts.com /article494.html (2710 words)

	Research summaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This research is aimed at trying to understand the processes, rates, and evolutionary rules of adaptation of groups who apparently spread rapidly across the continent, yet lacked neighbors and accumulated knowledge of their environments; see Meltzer 2002 (Jablonski ed.) and Meltzer 2003 (Rockman and Steele, eds.) for recent iterations.
		In the effort to understand current interpretations of Paleoindian adaptations, I began, in the early 1980s, to explore the historical development of American archaeology, to see why Paleoindian adaptations were viewed as they were.
		It would signal the tone and set the precedent for how the Smithsonian would interpret its enigmatic behest to "increase and diffuse knowledge." It would be the first major work in the still-undisciplined discipline of archaeology, and thus unavoidably a landmark for this field and American science generally.
	www.smu.edu /anthro/faculty/dMeltzer/Research.htm (1351 words)

	Archaeology in Nova Scotia - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The establishment of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science in 1862 marked the beginnings of professional archaeology in the province.
		At the close of the nineteenth century, archaeology in Nova Scotia appears to have been healthy and on par with that in the rest of the continent.
		This pattern changed during the subsequent decade with a semi-revival of archaeology in Nova Scotia marked by two approaches to reseach.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /arch/history.htm (1092 words)

	marine archaeology underwater archaeology
		She was employed in various facets of this trade until August, 1862 when she was sold to Boston ship owners who chartered her to the U.S. Army Quartermaster Department for use as an Army transport." - photos, research results - http://www.mapleleafshipwreck.com/Book/introduction/intro1.htm
		In this time an ancient harbour was investigated at Feodosia, at the Black Sea, as well as a post-medieval boat in the northern part of Chudskoe Lake.
		__ "The Ormen Lange Marine Archaeology Project is the most technologically advanced underwater archaeology research project ever undertaken." Learn about the research, find a project description, view galleries and more.
	www.archaeolink.com /marine_archaeology.htm (1190 words)

	Battery Halleck, archaeology, civil war, artillery
		One hundred and twenty-eight years earlier, on April 10 and 11, 1862, this Union Civil War battery, consisting of two mortars (see sidebar to the right), shot 220 shells at nearby Confederate-held Fort Pulaski.
		The bombardment ended after 30 hours with the surrender of the Confederate troops in the fort and would provide military strategists in the Western world with an innovative and reliable means of destroying masonry fortifications such as the type seen at Fort Pulaski.
		Due to their large size and massive weight (more than 17,000 pounds), they were used only in instances where the demolition of fortification walls was necessary.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/halleckweb (444 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - To Witness the Past: African American Archaeology in Alexandria, Virginia (4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During most of the nineteenth century, fls were often buried in sections of white-owned church cemeteries.
		Large numbers of confederate owned slaves, freed by an act of Congress in 1862, fled to Alexandria and other northern cities looking for protection behind Union lines.
		Many of the escaped, known as contraband or freedmen, were employed by the army to help in the construction of military facilities in and around Alexandria.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/ar-exhibits-witness-4.html (736 words)

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