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	1863 in rail transport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1863.
		January 8 - Ground is broken by the Central Pacific Railroad in Sacramento, California, on the western half of the First Transcontinental Railroad in North America.
		October 5 - The Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York; this is now the oldest right-of-way on the New York City Subway, the largest rapid transit system in the United States and one of the largest in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1863_in_rail_transport (321 words)

	barcelona metropolitan transport
		The organisational model of public transport is based on the identification of three large sections or levels, whose basic characteristics correspond to elements and functions laid down in the ISOTOPE project of the European Union, which examines the regulatory framework for public transport in large cities.
		The participation of public transport in the corridor/axes varies greatly according to the capacity of the infrastructures and the demographic importance of the capital of the axis.
		In this period the urban transport of the eighteen municipalities of the MTE was metropolitanised, as were the municipal companies Transports de Barcelona, S.A. and Ferrocarril Metropolità de Barcelona, S.A. The third period began with the creation of the MTA as a consortium of the Generalitat, Barcelona City Council and the MTE.
	www.bcn.es /publicacions/b_mm/abmm_transport (16860 words)

	City Point
		General Lee's invasion of the North in 1863, which was brutally repulsed at Gettysburg, PA, amounted to a raid with the intention of defeating the Union Army in the open away from the defenses at Washington.
		After the ammunition ship explosion on 9 August 1864, a special ammunition wharf was built a half mile down the James River in order to protect the rest of the harbor if such an occurrence happened in the future.
		As many as 24 locomotives were used to transport troops and a daily average of 1,400 tons of supplies from City Point to the front lines.
	www.qmfound.com /citypt.htm (3648 words)

	Timeline 1864-1866
		1864 Feb 17, Confederate officer George Dixon used the submarine H.L. Hunley to sink the USS Housatonic in Charleston Harbor, S.C. 5 Union soldiers died on the Housatonic as did the 9-man crew of the Hunley as it soon sank.
		1864 Sep 14, Lord Robert Cecil, one of the founders of the League of Nations and its president from 1923 to 1945, was born.
		1864 Oct 7, The USS Wachusett captured the CSS Florida in a naval engagement fought at the neutral harbor of Bahia, Brazil.
	timelines.ws /1864_1866.HTML (14192 words)

	Chapter 12: The Civil War, 1864-1865
		In concert, the four armies were to move on Atlanta, on Mobile—after Banks took Shreveport—on Lee's communications by a campaign across the middle of North Carolina on the axis New Bern-Neuse River-Goldsboro-Raleigh-Greensboro, and on Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in the hope of defeating it in an open battle.
		By mid-April 1864 Grant had issued specific orders to each commander of the four Federal armies that were to execute the grand strategy.
		Above all, Grant understood and applied the principle of modern war that the destruction of the enemy's economic resources is as necessary as the annihilation of the enemy's armies.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/amh/AMH-12.htm (6785 words)

	Motor Transport Corps
		Water transportation was critical to Union logistics, particularly in the West, where the Mississippi and other rivers flowed into the very center of the Confederacy.
		She was used as a transport in support of the Western Gunboat Flotilla.
		And thus, Herman Haupt was appointed by Secretary of War Stanton to the position of Chief of Construction and Transportation for the Department of the Rappahannock, and was given the rank of Colonel.
	www.transchool.eustis.army.mil /museum/CivialWar.htm (1633 words)

	1864 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
		April 22 - The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
		November 8 - U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over George McClellan.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1864 (1690 words)

	Pacific Railroad Act - Transcontiental Railroad and Land Grants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		AN ACT to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes.
		AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes," approved July 1, 1862.
		Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the gauge of the Pacific railroad and its branches throughout their whole extent, from the Pacific coast to the Missouri river, shall be, and hereby is, established at four feet eight and one-half inches.
	cprr.org /Museum/Pacific_Railroad_Acts.html (7266 words)

	Halifax County, Virginia, History
		After February 1864 the maximum draftable age was raised from 45 to 50, and the minimum age was dropped to 17.
		Though the transport of hospital patients and prisoners added to the R&D railroad's use, they were a minor part of the large increase in traffic volume promulgated by the war.
		Virginia's transportation networks were one of the main Union targets during the war, and by 1865 were in ruins.
	www.oldhalifax.com /county/historicalMonograph.htm (11972 words)

	Railroad Generalship: Foundations of Civil War Strategy
		Ironically, the armies with the largest contingents of draft animals for their supply trains also, faced the most difficult logistical challenges: each of the animals pulling a supply wagon had to eat too, which meant that even more wagons and animals were needed to carry food for the animals hauling supplies for the fighting troops.
		Supplies hauled by rail were more likely to reach the troops in useable condition, owing both to the speed of delivery and to the shelter afforded by enclosed railroad cars.
		In 1864, Sherman found that the only way to force General John B. Hood from Atlanta was to capture and hold the railroads supplying the city.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/gabel4/gabel4.asp (5415 words)

	Jubal Anderson Early. "Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War Between the States" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This immense number of people could not have been transported back to the wilds from which their ancestors were taken, or, if they could have been, it would have resulted in their relapse into barbarism.
		Some officers, while exposing their lives with great daring, sometimes fail to preserve that clearness of judgment and calmness of the nerves which is so necessary to enable one to see things as they really are during an engagement; and hence it is that there are so many conflicting reports of the same matters.
		The largest pieces of artillery we had, capable of being transported, were small field pieces of which the heaviest for solid shot were six pounders, and we had no Howitzer larger than a twenty-four pounder if we had any of that size.
	docsouth.unc.edu /early/early.html (16967 words)

	Open Directory - Reference: Encyclopedias: Subject Encyclopedias: Spartacus Educational: Railways in the 19th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John Leech - Illlustrator who produced a series of cartoons attacking railway mania and warning of the dangers of rail transport.
		L and M Railway Company - Was 31 miles long and consisted of a double line of rails of the fish-bellied type and laid on stone or timber sleepers.
		Rack Railways - Patented by John Blenkinsop in 1811 and involved the combination of a locomotive cogwheel and toothed rack rail.
	dmoz.org /Reference/Encyclopedias/Subject_Encyclopedias/Spartacus_Educational/Railways_in_the_19th_Century (2643 words)

	Dates in Canadian Railway History
		This is the longest rail tunnel in the Americas.
		Lawrence and Hudson Railway is formed by merging the CP Rail routes in southern Ontario and Quebec with its Delaware and Hudson subsidiary in northern USA.
		The line is managed by Orangeville and Brampton Rail Association Group and Cando Contracting operates the line with running rights to an interchange with CPR at Streetsville.
	www.railways.incanada.net /candate/candate.htm (10460 words)

	Denmark - Production and Communications - Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But it was not until after 1864 that the building of railways took off, and the most important stretches were constructed in the years up to 1880.
		This has resulted in fresh investment in developing railway installations and goods terminals with equipment for the fast transfer between road and rail transport and the establishment of new stretches of railway for especially passenger traffic, for instance to Copenhagen Airport in Kastrup.
		In 2001 a new chapter in the history of Danish railways was opened when rail traffic (but not the tracks) on some rail lines in Central and West Jutland was put out to tender.
	www.um.dk /Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap2/2-16.asp (1308 words)

	Order against Progress: Government, Foreign Investment, and Railroads in Brazil, 1854-1913
		He makes his case utilizing a technology now well familiar: calculation of the savings in transportation costs as a result of the new technology, as opposed to the alternatives of road and water transportation.
		When he opts for 19 percent as the value he prefers, for a period sixty years after the introduction of rail transport, I worry somewhat that the casual reader will take the value too seriously.
		To be sure there is a chapter exploring the absence of backward linkages - no locomotives or iron and steel produced domestically - and the presence of forward linkages - but not to the extent of fomenting export-led growth.
	eh.net /bookreviews/library/0966.shtml (939 words)

	Historic Heritage: Themes: Transport - Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1870 the government decided that a national rail network was essential to the economic development of New Zealand and boldly set about building one to a master plan.
		The immensely popular 87 km Otago Central rail trail is an example of a closed Government line.
		At the other end of the spectrum is the 300m Woodstock gold mine tramway clinging to the face of a gorge at Karangahake.
	www.doc.govt.nz /Conservation/Historic/030~Topics/Transport-(Rail)/index.asp (275 words)

	Light Rail in NL
		Therefore this latest line is operated with Light Rail Vehicles (LRV's), built by CAF in Spain.
		In the meantine former Hannover trams are bringing some relief on the historic Light Rail line 11 from Hollands Spoor station towards the coast.
		Under construction therefore are the conversion of the regional Hofplein railway towards The Hague into a Light Rail line, as well as a new tunnel in northern Rotterdam.
	www.lightrail.nl /NL/nl-tour.htm (2670 words)

	Nutshell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In an amazing transportation feat, Confederate troops traveled by rail from Virginia (via an indirect 1000 mile route), while others marched from Mississippi.
		With Federal forces nearing starvation, Secretary of War Stanton devised an ambitious plan to relieve the siege of Chattanooga through massive rail transport of troops from Virginia.
		This remarkable transportation feat proved that (under strong centralized control) railroads could project substantial military force across great distances in a short time.
	www.mtsu.edu /~cwtech/railroad/nutshell.html (569 words)

	Rail Enthusiast
		Here you will find a growing collection of links, etc. to a vast array of material related to rail transportation and railway modelling with a focus on Australia and New Zealand.
		Includes the rail junction of Chatham (New York Central, Boston & Albany and Rutland) and the New York Central Harlem Division.
		The CK&PR was built as a mineral line between 1862 and 1864 to link Workington in the west to Durham in the east, connecting in via Penrith to the direct railway route through the Pennines over Stainmore from the Darlington area.
	i.webring.com /hub?ring=railenthusiast (1599 words)

	Transit History of Montreal, Quebec
		May very well have never laid rails, operating "temporary" service with omnibuses.
		An incline railway operated on the slopes of Mount Royal in Montréal between 1884 and 1918.
		Heavy rail transit line operated by and for Expo '67 (the 1967 World's Fair).
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/alltime/montreal-qc.html (791 words)

	Galveston Weekly News, 1864
		The enemy had not discovered us, and all was ready for "the dance" with the first transport that should come up or down.
		At day dawn "every man was to his post," the steamer fired up, weighed anchor, was just in the act of leaving, when our little batteries, peal upon peal, belched forth their destructive missiles into the crowded decks of the transport.
		The gunboat gave the woods a terrific shelling, after having gone to the assistance of the disabled transport.
	www.uttyler.edu /vbetts/galveston_news_pt.3.htm (9162 words)

	UrbanRail.Net > Europe > UK > London Underground & DLR
		In the following decades the line was extended east and west, and reached Hammersmith in 1864, South Kensington in 1868, Aldgate in 1876, and Tower of London in 1882.
		In South London, around Croydon, a modern tram network was built which runs on street level in downtown Croydon and on old BR rail alignments on outer routes.
		For suburban rail services a new tunnel (Crossrail line 1) is planned between Liverpool Street and Paddington via Holborn and Bond St. Preliminary works on this RER type system began in 2002, completion is scheduled for 2012.
	de.geocities.com /u_london/london.htm (1252 words)

	World Rail Transit List
		Their list of tramways, metros, trolleybus systems and commuter rail is at the URL:
		These criteria work relatively well among the limited North American examples but break down when they are applied to the diversity of systems in Europe or elsewhere.
		Installations not part of urban or suburban common carrier passenger transport (private use, rural lines, museums, etc) and facilities confined within a complex, institution, amusement park, airport, or other non-"public" space should not be included on this list.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/rail-transit-notes.html (1705 words)

	NS Railway Companies
		The only mention of this railway (that I know of) is a few words — "The iron mine was situated three miles south of this location and ore transported in trucks drawn by horses on a railway with rails of maple wood." — on a bronze plaque at Clementsport.
		NSL 1864 chapter 39 — Act to incorporate the Boston & Bridgeport Coal Mining Co. Ltd.
		NSL 1898 chapter 107 — To confirm an agreement between Municipality of Inverness County and the Inverness Coal, Iron & Railway Co. Ltd.
	alts.net /ns1625/railways.html (9724 words)

	1864 - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1864 - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar.
		The Prussian army fielding 10,000 men defeats the Danish defending army of 9,200 at Dybbřl Mill after an artillery bombardment from April 7 to April 18.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=1864 (1862 words)

	Pennsylvania Oil History: Early Oil Transport Via Rivers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pennsylvania Oil History: Early Oil Transport Via Rivers
		Although it was not long before the region was connected to rail lines, much of the transportation of oil in the early days was done by small flatboats such as these seen here in May, 1864.
		The amount of oil lost to the river due to leaky barrels and boating accidents before reaching refineries in Pittsburgh has been estimated at more than 50%.
	www.priweb.org /ed/pgws/history/pennsylvania/river_scene.html (98 words)

	LeConte, Emma. Diary, 1864-1865. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A JOURNAL, KEPT BY EMMA FLORENCE LeCONTE, FROM DEC. 31, 1864
		At all events we certainly will know in a day or two what he is going to do.
		Walker has been taking steps toward boxing up and sending off the Library, but the Governor does not think he can obtain transportation for such a large collection of books.
	docsouth.unc.edu /leconteemma/leconte.html (22930 words)

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