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	Architecture at MIT
		architecture may be called the prose, as sculpture and painting are the poetry, of art.
		It centered on a planned curriculum, scheduled classes, courses in construction, and the acquisition of a general background in the history of architecture, as well as in the fine and applied arts.
		Instruction in the Department of Architecture began in 1868, with the enrollment of four full-time degree students and 12 students in the two year special program.
	web.mit.edu /museum/ware/architecture.html (477 words)

	History of Architecture at Illinois
		Architecture was included in the Polytechnic Department of the proposed administrative structure Gregory presented to the trustees in May of 1867.
		Ricker's successsor as head of the Department of Architecture was Frederick M. Mann, a graduate of the University of Minnesota in civil engineering and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in architecture, who had served as Professor of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis from 1902 to 1910.
		Among the architecture faculty are NCSA (National Center for Super-computing Applications) Fellows, participants in the Critical Research Initiative and recipients of Madden Initiative Grants for exploration of the intersections of the Arts and Technology.
	www.arch.uiuc.edu /about/history (2395 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - Chinese influences on the japanese architeture.
		Historically, architecture in Japan was influenced by Chinese architecture, although the differences between the two are many.
		Also, Chinese architecture was based on a lifestyle that included the use of chairs, while in Japan people customarily sat on the floor (a custom that began to change in the Meiji period (1868-1912).
		Elements of residential architecture can be seen in the main building of the Izumo Shrine in Shimane Prefecture, as evidenced by columns set directly into the ground and elevated floors.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=836&t=836 (1806 words)

	The tectonics of Japanese style: architect and carpenter in the late Meiji period.(Japan 1868-1945: Art, Architecture, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The creation of a national and modern Japanese architecture is attributed to the collaboration among Japanese architects and carpenters during the Meiji regime.
		Today the architectural symbol of the cultural climate of the late Meiji era is the Shrine and Temple style, or shajiyo, which appeared in the 1890s.
		By the late Meiji period architects (and, by extension, architectural historians) had become familiar with kiwariho, the traditional dimensioning system used in timber construction; a number of elite carpenters had redefined themselves as designers within a rapidly modernizing construction industry; and a new professional, the architect-conservator, had appeared to assume stewardship of historic buildings.
	highbeam.com /library/docfreeprint.asp?docid=1G1:18798608&...&print=yes (6048 words)

	1868 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		1865 1866 1867 - 1868 - 1869 1870 1871
		1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
		You can find it there under the keyword 1868 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1868andaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1868 (912 words)

	Architecture
		Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Architecture and Design - featuring Landmark Chicago, a permanent exhibition celebrating Chicago's position as the world capital of historical and contemporary landmarks of modern architecture.
		Netherlands Architecture Institute - cultural institution open to the general public that concerns itself in a variety of ways with architecture, urban design, and spatial planning.
		Jerusalem Seminar in Architecture - conference on megaform as urban landscape, June 21-23, 1998.
	www.partyguideonline.com /cultures/arts/architecture.html (464 words)

	Japanese Architecture (Buddhist architecture, Shinto architecture, design concept, modern architecture)
		After the influence of the Meiji period from 1868-1912, stone and brick was brought in from Western architectural influences.
		Well-preserved, Himeji Castle's traditional wooden architecture, stone walls and white-plastered walls are in their original forms since it was never destroyed as a result of war.
		Architecture in Japan with Buddhist influences came from Korea and China in the 6th century.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/japan/architecture.htm (1516 words)

	WWW Virtual Library: Find museums
		The State Museum Monument "Isaakievsky Sobor" Isaac's Cathedral is a remarkable monument of Russian architecture of the 1st part of the 19th century.
		The Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra The Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra functions nowadays as an orthodox monastery belonging to the St Petersburg eparchy is one of the architectural and historic center of St. Petersburg.
		CD Masterpieces of Architecture This program displays 250 masterpieces of architecture, 1,200 illustrations accompanied with captivating stories about the history of world architecture, “live” video footage, 30 musical themes created especially for this disc, and interactive geographic maps with pictograms.
	vlmp.museophile.com /cgi/htgrep/file=/vlmp/vlmp-db.html&style=ol?architecture\|architectural (1939 words)

	Japanese Arts - Architecture (English)
		An open air museum of modern Japanese architecture from the Meiji period (1868-1912).
		An introduction to the Ise Shrine and the basis of it's architecture.
		A guide to some of the architecture of Kyoto, which is famous for its beauty.
	www.nihongo.org /english/arts/architecture (137 words)

	Hein, Japanese Architecture and Planning (2000)
		The course is aimed at a better understanding of Japanese cities and should point towards lessons in urban organization that recent movements such as the "New Urbanism" might learn.
		Apart from giving an introduction to Japanese architecture and planning, the course is also designed to help students develop their analytical skills, their ability to read and write.
		Architectural and Artistic Representations of the Identity of
	www.brynmawr.edu /cities/Syllabi/City270Syll.htm (1040 words)

	Japanese architecture in Czech Republic
		After the 1945 Japanese architecture is going to be one of the most vital and inspirative contribution to the urban environmental studies and is nowadays highly valued for it’s purity, esthetic and spatial qualities, high technology standard and sensitivity to the nature.
		Conder, Tokyo Technical Institute and his students (Tatsuno), Meiji architecture, Japanese wood-block print and the European painting, Wright and Japan, influence of the Japanese architecture in the Modern Style Movement, the “Imperial” architect Katayama, Czech architects in Japan (Letzel, Raymond, Feuerstein), Japanese International style architects (Yamada, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Watanabe, Sakakura), Japanese “national” style.
		Osamu Okamura, graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Czech Technical University (ČVUT) in Prague and of the Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture of Prof.
	web.quick.cz /japan/english.htm (934 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 00037406
		Japanese architecture's commanding presence on the world stage can be traced to the struggles of earlier generations of Japan's modernist architects.
		Jonathan Reynolds illuminates Maekawa's role as a bridge between prewar and postwar architecture in Japan, focusing particularly on how he influenced modernism's ambivalence regarding "tradition" and contemporary practice and the importance of technology in modernist design and ideology.
		It will also attract readers interested in twentieth-century Japan, for in addition to highlighting Maekawa's architectural career, Reynolds portrays the broader cultural context within which Maekawa and other Japanese architects and artists sought to be heard and recognized.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/ucal042/00037406.html (335 words)

	ArchitectureWeek - Design - Different Looks for Books - 2004.0811
		Our historically romantic notion of the library is that of mellow book-lined rooms creating discrete places for reading, browsing, and study: the book defining the architecture.
		In Paris, at the Bibliothèque Saint-Geneviève of 1850 and the Bibliothèque Nationale of 1868, both by Henri Labrouste and both highly innovative in their use of light and application of structure, the walls are multitiered rows of books.
		This article is excerpted from Architecture for the Books by Michael J. Crosbie, with permission of the publisher, Images Publishing.
	www.architectureweek.com /2004/0811/design_1-1.html (217 words)

	Amazon.com: The Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture: 1868 To the Present: Books: David B. Stewart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Wright was more often than not present in the Japanese capital during this phase of his career, which he lived to the hilt by pursuing his instincts as a connoisseur and an aesthete of the first order.
		There was a bizarre episode of native expressionism followed by a remarkable rationalism, which in itself constitutes a hitherto unknown chapter in the history of the International Style--here illustrated and comprehensively explained for the first time in any Western language.
		From the author's tribute to these selected architects and architecture, the reader would be able to receive a new insight and broader yet more focus understanding of contemporary Japanesearchitecture.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0870118447?v=glance (1193 words)

	Washington County, Maine--Historic Sites
		A 122 page book (1996) (available for purchase from the publisher) describing architecture, historical societies, museums, and historic districts, as well as brief histories of the communities in Washington County.
		A splendid example of the best in New England architecture, generations of families and hard work have also supported and woven this building into the fabric of the town.
		The entire downtown is an homogenous, cohesive grouping of 29 architecturally and/or historically significant buildings, built after the fire of 1886.
	www.sunrisecounty.org /pb/hist/histall.htm (7415 words)

	Monkstown Church of Ireland, Dublin (John Semple & John McCurdy) - Buildings of Ireland [Archeire, Irish Architecture ...
		Originally built in 1789, but remodelled in 1830 by John Semple, the Church of Ireland in Monkstown is an extravegent piece of 19th century church architecture.
		Extended in 1868 by John McCurdy who added a chancel in the same style as Semple's original.
		This was the poet John Betjeman's favourite church (he preferred it to the Cathedral of Westminister and visited it while based in Dublin during the 1940s).
	www.irish-architecture.com /buildings_ireland/dublin/monkstown/monkstown_cofi.html (116 words)

	Architecture: International Websites & Resources: L-O
		Sustainable architecture: Eco-design and landscaping / R.D. Hotten.
		Information about sustainable architecture: ecological planning, design, integrated architecture and landscaping for tropical, sub-tropical or temperate climates.
		Highlights the extravagant architecture of early twentieth century US "motion picture palaces", some of which could seat between 2500 and 6000 patrons at a time.
	www.library.auckland.ac.nz /subjects/arc/os_websites/arcsourc5.htm (1072 words)

	Recommended books: Architecture and art Page one
		Architectural theory from the Renaissance to the present: 89 essays on 117 treatises
		The history of architecture in India: from the dawn of civilization to the end of the Raj
		Payne, Alina A. The architectural treatise in the Italian Renaissance: architectural invention, ornament and literary culture
	www.architecture.com /go/Architecture/Reference/Library_623.html (1247 words)

	ArchitectureWeek - Culture - 150 Years of SmithGroup - 2003.0813
		The Detroit-based SmithGroup turns 150 this year, making it the oldest architecture firm in the United States.
		A look back at past successes and recent innovations — such as in the McNamara Terminal and Chesapeake Bay Foundation headquarters — and a look ahead to projects still on the boards demonstrate that the SmithGroup continues to reinvent itself.
		In the early 1800s, Sheldon Smith learned architecture by apprenticing to an older brother.
	www.architectureweek.com /2003/0813/culture_1-1.html (256 words)

	Yale School of Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Arts Library, established soon after 1868, is part of the Yale University Library and is located on the first floor of the Art & Architecture Building.
		It contains more than 100,000 volumes on architecture, painting, sculpture, graphic design, urban planning, and the history of art and architecture.
		It serves as the working library for the School of Architecture, the School of Art, the History of Art Department, and the Yale University Art Gallery, and as an adjunct library for the Yale Center for British Art.
	www.architecture.yale.edu /resources/aa_library.htm (236 words)

	Years in architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Please DO NOT ADD anything to this list until AFTER it has been added to the relevant year in architecture itself.
		Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point.
		1851 in architecture - The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Years-in-architecture (212 words)

	MIT Museum Online Gallery: Drawings at Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		rior to the founding of MIT's Architecture Course in 1868, there was little opportunity in America for professional academic instruction in architecture.
		With the exception of apprenticeship in an architect's firm or study abroad, the aspiring architect had little opportunity to develop his craft.
		In 1865, when asked by MIT's president and founder, William Barton Rogers, to organize the country's first formal architectural course, William Robert Ware began an intensive study of European architectural programs from which he would distill the first American curriculum.
	web.mit.edu /museum/ware/ware.html (84 words)

	Modern Architecture - Books - architectstore.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Architecture and Nihilism : On the Philosophy of Modern Architecture (Theoretical Perspectives in Architectural History and Criticism); Massimo Cacciari, Stephen Sartarelli (Translator); Hardcover; $37.50
		Architecture and Planning of Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, 1912-1936 : Transforming Tradition (Chicago Architecture and Urbanism); Sally Kitt A. Chappell, Sally A. Kitt Chappel; Hardcover; $75.00
		Weissenhof 1927 and the Modern Movement in Architecture; Richard Pommer, Christian F.
	www.architectstore.com /books/modern.html (2323 words)

	American Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Horace Trumbauer was born in Philadelphia in 1868 of German parentage.
		At 16 he joined Philadelphia's leading architectural firm as an office boy.
		Before he received the commission from his fellow Philadelphian Edward Julius Berwind for The Elms, Trumbauer had already designed three large residents in the Philadelphia area, one of them Grey Towers, which at the time was one of the largest residences in the United States.
	www.takus.com /architecture/trumbauer.html (78 words)

	Alibris: Browse Books by ISBN
		0080708642: Architecture in Oklahoma : landmark and vernacular
		0080580204: Architecture, ambition and Americans; a history of American architecture, from the beginning to the present, telling the story of the outstanding buildings, the men who designed them and the people for whom they were built
		0080484639: The architectural heritage of the Piscataqua; houses and gardens of the Portsmouth district of Maine and New Hampshire
	www.alibris.com /books/isbns/1106 (1081 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Ito, Chuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He graduated from the School of Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University in 1892 and then undertook graduate studies in architectural history.
		He participated in research on the oldest building in Japan, the temple of Horyuji at Nara, and carried out a survey of the principal buildings that recorded details of the temple’s proportions, construction and decoration.
		In 1897 he began to teach at the School of Engineering at the university; in 1901 he received his doctorate and in 1905 he became a full professor in the department where he continued teaching until his retirement in 1928.
	www.artnet.com /library/04/0429/T042905.asp (237 words)

	Japanese Architecture
		When Japan opened herself to the rest of the world around the year 1868, Western architecture began to displace traditional Japanese architecture.
		About Japanese architecture in general and in particular about architecture of the Kasai area.
		An Overview of Japanese Ritural Architecture from the Kofun to Momoyama Periods.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2111.html (170 words)

	JAPAN BOOKSTORE: Architecture Aisle
		When most people think about Japanese architecture, it's samuri castles, nightingale floors and paper doors that come to mind.
		But there are subtle resonances between the use of space (ma), water, material and air that can tell as much about Japanese culture as a story or a song.
		Architecture and Authority in Japan (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series) by William H. Coaldrake Hardcover
	www.ohayosensei.com /books/arch.html (528 words)

	Warwick Art History Web: Architecture
		BUBL Link: Architecture the architecture page from the Bulletin Board for Libraries.
		RIBA architecture links from the Royal Institute of British Architects Library.
		Research materials for architecture and the built environment located in metropolitan Washington, DC guides to local libraries, archives, museums etc
	www2.warwick.ac.uk /fac/arts/arthistory/weblinks/subjects/architecture (823 words)

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