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	Complete List of NYS Attorneys General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Between 1684 and 1777, the Colonial Attorneys General were appointed by the King of England, or the Colonial Governors on the Crown's behalf.
		Until 1702 he was appointed by the governor, after which he was commissioned by the Crown.
		By the Constitution the governor was required to do the appointing with the "advice and consent of the council." But in practice it subordinated the governor to the council whenever a majority of the assembly was politically opposed to him, and the annual election of the council greatly increased chances of such opposition.
	www.oag.state.ny.us /previous_aglist.html (922 words)

	North Carolina Governors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		North Carolina's history as an organized governing system led by a governor may be viewed in five chronological stages: the Virginia colony, the southern plantation, the Lords Proprietors, the Royal colony, and the state of North Carolina.
		A chronology of governors serving during each of these stages is listed at the bottom of the page.
		Theactions of the Virginia governor outpaced his authority under the English Crown, and the Southern Plantation and its Commander were short-lived.
	statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us /nc/stgovt/governor.htm (958 words)

	Kingston, First Captial of New York
		Governor Morris, a delegate from the county of Westchester, then but twenty-four years of age, signalized his entrance into public life, by urging immediate action, in a speech remarkable for its courage and radicalism, and its strong presentation of the though of the time.
		Their examples, efforts and contributions in educating the nerving the colonies to the Declaration of Independence, in the events which led to the recognition of the Republic, and in molding the internal regulations and foreign policy of the new government, are the special pride of New York and the glory of the nation.
		Governor Morris, of Westchester, moved, and it was seconded, that the members be permitted to smoke in the Convention chamber, to prevent bad effects from the disagreeable effluvia arising from the jail below.
	www.threerivershms.com /kingston.htm (11469 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Irish (In Countries Other Than Ireland)
		Later, in May, 1879, the Irish Catholic Colonization Association of the United States was established at Chicago, under the auspices of various archbishops, with the co-operation of eminent Irish Catholic laymen, and during the ensuing decade it assisted many immigrants to find homes in the Western states.
		Governor Macquire, on whom he called the next day for permission to exercise his ministry, bluntly announced his determination not to allow any Popish missionary to intrude on this Protestant colony, and ordered him to depart on the ship that brought him.
		Succeeding governors of Canada, especially Haldiman and Craig, were less accommodating to Catholics than Carleton, and it was not till the diplomatic and uncompromising Bishop Plessis, one of the illustrious figures in Canadian history, took up the struggle for the liberties of the Church that Catholics began to breathe freely.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08132b.htm (16051 words)

	Osgood, England and the Colonies
		Colonial society had been allowed to develop freely in all lines and the product was far different from anything which existed in the mother country.
		The interference of government, whether colonial or imperial, was welcomed by the colonists, when it could be used for the advancement of their private or local interests; when larger objects were aimed at, it was if possible ignored or resisted.
		The letters of Washington, written from the camp during the years 1754 to 1758, are filled to overflowing with complaints of the apathy and lack of patriotism exhibited by the assemblies, their failure to provide for the organization, disciplining, and provisioning of the troops, and of the intense suffering caused thereby.
	www.dinsdoc.com /osgood-4.htm (9762 words)

	The State Library of Massachusetts - Facts and Features - Massachusetts Governors
		Until 1692, the area now known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was home to two colonies, Plymouth Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
		Hinckley was Governor* until the union of the colonies in 1692, except during the administration of Andros.
		Governors of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay Territories including the Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony and Maine Appointed by the King Under the Second Royal Charter
	www.mass.gov /lib/facts/governors.htm (274 words)

	British Empire - Gurupedia
		The sugar-producing colonies of the Caribbean, where slavery became the basis of the economy, were at first England's most important and lucrative colonies.
		The loss of the United States showed that colonies were not necessarily particularly beneficial in economic terms, since Britain could still dominate trade with the ex-colonies without having to pay for their defence and administration.
		The policy and ideology of European colonial expansion between the 1870s and the outbreak of World War I in 1914 are often characterised as the "New Imperialism".
	www.gurupedia.com /b/br/british_empire.htm (4254 words)

	Historical Fallicies
		One Governor attempted to interfere with the right of the Assembly to judge of the qualifications of their own members, but quickly receded before a storm of public indignation.
		In 1732, Colonel William Cosby arrived in the colony as Governor of the Royal Provinces.
		Governors raged, the Board of Trade and Cabinet protested and threatened, but the people were unmoved; and after a contest of nearly twenty year's duration Great Britain yielded from pure exhaustion.
	www.threerivershms.com /fallacies.htm (8986 words)

	Indians and the American Revolution
		Although the anger of the colonies was tempered by the knowledge that the freeze was a temporary measure and not necessarily permanent, it marked another example of the tightening noose placed by the home government over colonial freedom of action.
		The colonial representatives urged the Cherokees (and, in a later conference, the Creeks) to remain neutral and not be swayed by British arms or arguments.
		The response of the southern colonies was similar to that in the North.
	americanrevolution.org /ind1.html (6539 words)

	Notes on Conquest of the Western Sudan--Part I
		Colonial expenditures were reduced to a minimum and had to support penal colonies as well.
		When the colonial department was transferred to the Ministry of Commerce in 1889, the Ministry of the Navy no longer had authority of marines in the colonies.
		The troops were deployed by Colonial Department of the Minister of the Navy, and their officers were controlled by the Undersecretary for Colonies, a civilian, but they had the right to correspond with the Minister of the Navy on technical subjects such as pay, postings and promotions.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his311/archives/sec/kanya1.htm (9252 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1731 Connecticut/New York Boundary History
		Governor Van Twiller extinguished the Indian title, in 1633, to "an extensive tract of land called the Connittelsock, lying on the west bank of the river and sixty miles from its mouth." The Dutch clashed with the English during Van Twiller's time and later, as to jurisdiction of the territory.
		The later Governors of New Netherland persisted in endeavors to assert the Dutch right to the territory, but in 1650 Governor Stuyvesant entered into a provisional treaty with the Connecticut authorities whereby it was agreed that the
		On December 5, 1879, an agreement was made whereby the western boundary of Connecticut was fixed as the ex parse line surveyed by New York in 1860, the same as that which had been settled in 1731.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /1731.htm (859 words)

	Wavering and Undefined Policy
		Two agents were appointed, one for the northern district that is to say, for certain of the northern colonies and the territory not embraced in the colonial limits and another for the southern district.
		Although primarily relating to the colonies of Quebec, East Florida, and West Florida, it is evident from the distinct statements therein that it was intended, as regards the points referred to in the quotation, to be of general application.
		However, there are two or three treaties in regard to lands in the south, outside of the colonies, which should be mentioned, as the boundaries fixed therein are referred to in one or two of the treaties in the accompanying schedule.
	www.nanations.com /land/wavering_policy.htm (926 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In that year, Robinson was appointed as Governor of Hong Kong, the youngest in Hong Kong colonial history, from which he served until March of 1865.
		In 1869, Robinson was made Governor of Ceylon and K.C.M.G. From 3 June 1872 to March 1879, he served as the Governor of New South Wales.
		Robinson's declaration that the advice of his ministers to patch up a settlement with the filibustering Boers was equivalent to a condonation of crime, led to the expedition of Sir Charles Warren and the annexation of Bechuanaland early in 1885.
	www.capepostalhistory.com /governors-english/SirHerculesRobinson.html (1160 words)

	The Pakhtu/Pashto Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The study of the literary history of Pashto in the colonial period is often a neglected field.
		As the best-known authority and chief pioneer of the colonial period, he rendered invaluable contributions towards preservation of Pashto literature.
		The other inherent shortcoming of their colonial rule was a policy of subjugation of natives and exploitation of the resources for the economic benefit of Great Britain, which considered itself a superior power.
	www.pakhtun.com /PakhtuBritishEmpire.htm (4885 words)

	Bolivia (09/06)
		An important body of native baroque religious music of the colonial period was recovered in recent years and has been performed internationally to wide acclaim since 1994.
		During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called "Upper Peru" or "Charcas" and was under the authority of the Viceroy of Lima.
		For the first time in history, Bolivians chose their departmental prefects (similar to governors) by popular vote on December 18, 2005; the prefects were then formally appointed by the President.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35751.htm (5031 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peru - Colonial Administration \| Peruvian Information Resource
		The expansion of a colonial administrative apparatus and bureaucracy paralleled the economic reorganization.
		The viceroyalty was divided into audiences (audiencias--see Glossary), which were further subdivided into provinces or districts (corregimientos--see Glossary) and finally municipalities, which included a city or town, governed by town councils cabildos--see Glossary), composed of the most prominent citizens, mostly encomenderos in the early years and later hacendados (see Glossary).
		In any case, the crown was successful in managing the colonial export economy through the development of a bureaucratic and interventionist state, characterized by a plethora of mercantilistic rules that regulated the conduct of business and commerce.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/peru/peru20.html (732 words)

	First 100 Years of Printing in British N. America
		Bradford found it convenient to accept the invitation of governor Benjamin Fletcher of New York to become the official printer there in 1693, and he was not replaced until Reynier Jansen arrived in 1699.
		Both governors and legislatures were quick to take offense at any publications they found disagreeable, and there were sporadic cases of persecution for seditious libel, beginning with William Bradford in 1692 and continuing until the Revolution.
		There is no better account of the world of the American colonial printer than Franklin's, and his depiction of his life as a journeyman in Philadelphia, interrupted by an educational year and one half in London, is particularly pungent.
	www.reeseco.com /papers/first100.htm (11531 words)

	Spanish and Portuguese Colonial Possessions
		Like Hong Kong, the colony was a Chinese window on the larger world and a good source of foreign currency.
		Cuba, whose governors are at right, was one of the earliest Spanish colonies, and one of the last.
		Governor Antonio de Otermin narrowly missed being killed and had to evacuate the territory.
	www.friesian.com /newspain.htm (11546 words)

	Princeton University Eating Clubs \| Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1879 a group of students rented Ivy Hall and hired personnel.
		Cannon Club, Colonial Club, Court Club, and Quadrangle Club are the most well documented with Cannon Club having the most extensive material.
		Colonial Clubs and Ivy Club both have histories that span one hundred year periods.
	libweb.princeton.edu /libraries/firestone/rbsc/finding_aids/eat-club.html (2877 words)

	THE COLLECTOR’S GUIDE: 500 YEARS OF ENCOUNTERS
		1620 Plymouth Colony is established by the Pilgrims.
		The reredos carved from local stone is one of the most important artworks of Colonial New Mexico.
		is established at the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe.
	collectorsguide.com /sf/sffa02.shtml (921 words)

	Hello and Happy Thanksgiving from Donna's Holiday House
		In 1621 in a colony south of what became Plymouth, Massachusetts, the colonists had just completed their first harvest in their new home with the help of the native population.
		After the first harvest was completed by the Plymouth colonists in 1621, Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving and prayer, shared by all the colonists and neighboring Native Americans.
		In 1623 a day of fasting and prayer during a period of drought was changed to one of thanksgiving because the rain came during the prayers.
	medonnabp.tripod.com /thanksgiving1.htm (629 words)

	Thomas Fitch — Infoplease.com
		Norwalk, Conn. A lawyer, Fitch was an assistant in the colony (1734–35, 1740–50).
		The assembly elected him deputy governor in 1750, and for the next three years he was returned to that office by the qualified voters.
		Although he had been the chief author of the colony's protest against the Stamp Act, he felt duty-bound to take the oath of office required of governors by the act and was, as a result, consistently defeated for reelection thereafter.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0818797.html (301 words)

	The Role of the Victorian Army
		As this empire emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Royal Navy and the army were used to support the establishment of colonies, protect trading posts and suppress the activities of rivals such as the Dutch, Spanish and, most of all, the French.
		Some of these wars were wars of conquest, such as the Zulu war in 1879 [Follow for Trollope's comment on this colonial conflict.].
		Charles Gordon served as Governor General of the Sudan twice, similarly, Viceroys of India were often high ranking military officers (the last Viceroy in 1947 was Lord Louis Mountbatten, an admiral in the Royal Navy).
	www.victorianweb.org /history/army1.html (1846 words)

	Various Cape of Good Hope Land Grants and related histories.
		They never changed their policy but Governor Simon van der Stel (1691 to 1699) was able to significantly increase the food output by introducing cattle, sheep and fowls (chickens) and show that Individuals farming for themselves were more productive than communal farming..
		All the Governors before van der Stel, including Crudorp, were dismissed for violating their policy and issuing land grants to individuals.
		This Grant to Brisley on perpetual quitrent was authorised at Cape Town on 1st July 1879 and carries the official embossed "Public seal of the settlement at Cape Town".
	tokencoins.com /capeland.htm (3891 words)

	United Kingdom: Colonial Flags
		The governor flew the Union Jack with the badge of the colony in a laurel wreath in the centre of the St George's cross.
		We further submit that the Governors of Your Majesty's Dominions in Foreign Parts, and Governors of all ranks and denomination administering the Governments of British Colonies and dependencies be authorised to fly the Union Jack with the Arms of the Badge of the Colony emblasoned in the centre thereof.
		Saint Lucia: no disc; the governor wrote in 1919 that the badge was not used on the Blue Ensign, just the letters 'H.M.' in white, which stood for 'harbour master', not 'his Majesty'.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-coflg.html (2291 words)

	Rosemary Hunter \| Australian Legal Histories in Context \| Law and History Review, 21.3 \| The History Cooperative
		The imperial is what makes the colonial colonial, and assertions of colonial particularity inevitably contain within them the trace of the imperial other.
		Australian historical writing on the legal framework for colonial economic activity has tended to focus on land law (land as the economic base of settlement) and labor law (the Australian colonies being blessed with a rich history of experiments and innovations in labor regulation).
		Kercher's desire for colonial legal innovation, then, may turn out to be grounded in his notion of the needs of the colonial economy.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/21.3/comment_hunter.html (2811 words)

	JPRI Occasional Paper No. 8
		The Meiji government had already used a massacre of Ryukyuan sailors by Taiwanese aborigines in 1871 as a diplomatic pretext to claim that Ryukyuans were "subjects of Japan" in need of protection, and it organized a punitive "expedition" to Formosa in 1873.
		To make matters worse, the men appointed as governors of Okinawa prefecture in the Meiji era were often resentful of being assigned to a "remote" post, and sometimes took out their frustrations on the very people whose welfare had been entrusted to them.
		Their indignation sometimes led to a kind of yatsuatari (indiscriminate rage or scapegoating) in which those who are the object of prejudice seek to raise their status by aiming prejudice at others.
	www.jpri.org /publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html (5107 words)

	Edwin Samuel Montagu, 1879-1924
		Some of the ministers (department heads) were responsible to the legislative bodies, but others were responsible to the provincial governors.
		Only about 1 percent of the Indian population was granted the right to vote for representatives to the national legislative bodies, and about 3 percent received the right to vote in elections to the provincial bodies.
		The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms did not change the essential character of colonial rule and provoked protests by various strata of Indian society.
	www.montaguemillennium.com /familyresearch/h_1924_edwin.htm (421 words)

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