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Topic: 1885 in architecture

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	Architecture
		Cemeteries throughout the country are adorned with Egyptian architecture, ranging from the massive Egyptian arch spanning the entrance of the Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven
		Classical architecture draws on the Golden age of Athens and the Roman Republic, the ancient ancestors of the American Republic.
		Architectural styling made the monuments in these cemeteries as pleasing to the eye as the landscape.
	www.uni.edu /connors/Architecture.htm (1351 words)

	Greek Architecture
		Callicrates and Ictinus' attitude toward religious architecture ceased to be that of the superstitious priest-architect held subject to unvaryingly precise (and often hypnotically elaborate) repetition of prescribed forms and became instead that of the artist rationalist--adjusting, refining, and simplifying forms to make them quietly effective and satisfying to the eye.
		Greek architecture suddenly became that of this rich, powerful Hellenic empire and was forced to break out of the fixed, small-scale vocabulary of forms that had been satisfactory for the Periclean temple.
		This was no longer an architecture of detail and refinement but one of massive (if simple) construction and political show.
	www.crystalinks.com /greekarchitecture.html (2894 words)

	Ruffini Brothers, Architecture - Texas State Library
		The profession of architecture was in a transitional period at the time the Ruffinis began their careers. Prior to 1875, there was no real distinction made by most Americans between the term
		Architectural firms of two or more individuals were the exception at this period of American history.
		This section includes architectural vocabulary/terms used in the section on “Comparison of architectural styles” to provide readers of the exhibition with a clearer understanding of the architectural building elements being discussed.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /exhibits/ruffini/architecture&terms.html (1039 words)

	Cubist Architecture in Prague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		We consider the teaching of modern architecture on the individualization of materials, that is, the derivation of artistic form from the natural and physical qualities of the material to be materialistic and aimless, limiting the free creation of the architect to the interpretation of the material.
		Architectural beauty can only be a constructed beauty expressed through the materials, but residing in an almost dramatic counterweight to the material.
		For Janák and others reacting against Sezession-style architecture in the years before World War I, the banner of cubism was an important way of calling attention to the need for a new emphasis in the development of a truly Czech style.
	www.mala.bc.ca /%7Ejohnstoi/praguepage/cubismlecture.htm (3236 words)

	programs of study_uo architecture
		This course engages a fundamental framework of architectural experience realizing that inhabited space is the unique concern of the art of architecture and that architectural space is a means by which people measure their existence and expand their awareness.
		The course is design centered and intended to foster the ability to quickly test architectural designs against fundamental ECS criteria informed by an ethic of wise and conservative use of environmental resources.
		Major developments in American architecture from 1885 to the present; emphasizes academics, the impact of international modernism, and the rediscovery of eclectic symbolism.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~archuo/programs/courses.htm (4427 words)

	Architecture in Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		This is why monumental buildings are lacking and folk traditions have dominated architecture - especially in the use of wood, based on centuries of craftmanship and experience with the material.
		In 1905 several architectural contests were launched, and a major ground rule was the use of a Norwegian style.
		Architecturally, the Police Headquarters has been followed up by several similar structures in which a sub-division of the building's main body, as in the example with the open hand, creates open spaces which can be covered in glass.
	www.reisenett.no /norway/facts/culture_science/architecture_in_norway.html (6366 words)

	architecture@Everything2.com
		Numerous people have made the association between the physical structure of buildings and the layout and design of computers, including Christopher Alexander.
		Architecture is so much more than the average person realizes.
		Real architecture has more to do with philosophy and psychology than it does with construction.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=architecture (282 words)

	Historical Essays - Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission
		Charlotte's most historic architecture today dates from the 1890s through the 1920s when the city took the lead among Carolina urban centers, assuming the place as a financial and management center that had been long held by august Charleston.
		The model for much of the architecture of the early nineteenth century was directly or indirectly that of ancient Greece and Rome.
		The shift in architectural taste away from Victorian styles was seen in Charlotte commercial and institutional buildings as well as residences in the 1900s and 1910s.
	www.cmhpf.org /essays/ArchEssay.html (7450 words)

	Modern Architecture:
		Thesis: Modern architecture’s main goal and purpose is to enhance the human experience in such a way that the human becomes the subject rather than just an occupant.
		Architecture is an important part of any society, and reflects that society’s ethos.
		They wanted to use principles of Classical architecture in their most pure form: without ornamentation of any kind (3).
	web.pdx.edu /~moot/other/modernarchitecture (803 words)

	The DRC model
		This architecture with four explicit representational levels could not arise from the use of backpropagation with a neural network hardwired to have only two explicit representational levels (input units and output units); yet it is certainly logically possible that the human reading system has such an architecture.
		In the case of the PSMP model, the network architecture consists of three layers, with 105 input units fully connected to 100 hidden units which are in turn fully connected to 61 output units (with reciprocal connections from output units to hidden units in the case of the attractor version of the network).
		These practical facts about the network architecture would prevent the development of this functional architecture by backpropagation, even if that were the correct functional architecture, and even if the backpropagation learning algorithm were capable of developing such a functional architecture when provided with a large enough number of hidden units.
	www.maccs.mq.edu.au /%7Emax/DRC/DRC.html (16633 words)

	Styles in American Architecture
		The Eighteenth Century: Georgian (1714-1776) English-inspired colonial architecture.
		The "Corporate Style" (c.1800-1900) Practical architecture for engineering and commercial purposes; especially early factories.
		Wrightian, or Organic Architecture (1920-1959) F.L. Wright's later style.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/amstyles.html (381 words)

	Michael's Architecture Page: Chicago
		Chicago is an important city in the history of architecture for many reasons.
		The Chicago Architecture Foundation (CAF) is a non-profit organization that advances pubic interest and appreciation of architecture.
		If you are even somewhat interested in architecture, the CAF tours are a great way to see Chicago's architecture, and learn more about Chicago history.
	www.michael.leland.name /chicago/index.html (720 words)

	Art of Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Architecture is the study of building structure and design, but the art does not have to be limited to the process of making floorplans and construction.
		Edward Hopper did not plan structures, but he studied architecture extensively which can be seen in many of his works, especially in his lighthouse series.
		During most of these years, from 1885 to 1959, he was a prolific architect, with close to 500 of his designs built (and hundreds more remaining unbuilt) making Wright the most abundantly creative genius of American architecture.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/busbea/fall00/architecture.html (358 words)

	Architecture \| Visual arts, architecture & Arkansas museums preserve Arkansas heritage
		Their design, construction and decoration reflect both common, daily lifestyle issues and the need to present a level of architectural distinctiveness sufficient to render even the humblest edifice unique.
		The Hornibrook House (1888) in Little Rock, now The Empress Bed and Breakfast, is the best example of ornate Victorian architecture in Arkansas and is the most important existing example of Gothic Queen Anne style in the region.
		Finally, in 1885, the two-story hyphens were constructed and remain today.
	www.arkansasheritage.com /visual_arts/architecture (760 words)

	Glossary
		Characterized in architecture by round arches, large domes, and extensive use of mosaic; characterized in painting by formal design, frontal and stylized figures, and a rich use of color, especially gold, in generally religious subject matter.
		Romanesque A style of European architecture prevalent from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, with round arches and barrel vaults influenced by Roman architecture and characterized by heavy stone construction.
		In architectural drawings, the ratio of the measurements in the drawing to the measurements in the building.
	www.ackland.org /tours/classes/glossary.html (6453 words)

	architecture
		The Gothic Revival style of the All Saints campus reflects the traditional values prominent in church architecture, as well as the preferences of the 1920s.
		Constructed of stone quarried from Bouquet Canyon in Southern California and roofed with Vermont slate, the church houses a large display of decorative arts in the style popular in the early years of the 20th century.
		architectural critic once remarked that it "has been said of the interior of All Saints that it possesses the atmosphere of accumulated prayer.
	www.allsaints-pas.org /history/architecture.htm (633 words)

	Prints Old & Rare - Architecture page
		Four copper-engraved images on one page from a 1798 architecture text, showing close-up views of decorative door and window frames.
		The stamp of a library which previously owned the print is barely visible in the center of the image.
		Title of the scene is "Senate House in King’s Parade." Shows an exterior view of the building, which was built in Cambride in 1730.
	www.printsoldandrare.com /architecture (394 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Description A Destination Unreachable message SHOULD be generated by a router, or by the IPv6 layer in the originating node, in response to a packet that cannot be delivered to its destination address for reasons other than congestion.
		If the reason for the failure to deliver is that the next destination address in the Routing header is not a neighbor of the processing node but the "strict" bit is set for that address, then the Code field is set to 2.
		Conta & Deering Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 1885 ICMPv6 (ICMP for IPv6) December 1995 In Report and Reduction messages, this field is is initialized to zero by the sender and ignored by receivers.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1885.txt (2726 words)

	St. Paul Real Estate: Architecture
		Gothic style homes can be almost overwhelming they are so ornate, but this one is a bit simpler and has examples of all of the details that can be found in elaborate Gothic style homes of the same period.
		Listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975 The Central Library is Italian Renaissance revival in style The exterior of the Library is of Tennessee marble, while the interior is finished in gray Mankato stone.
		This architectural style was popular in the 1920s and 1930s and can be found throughout the metro area.
	www.stpaulrealestateblog.com /st_paul_real_estate/architecture/index.html (3207 words)

	Washington County, Maine--Historic Sites
		Built in 1829 or 1840, this church's exterior was remodeled in 1870, and the design reflects Greek Revival influence with it's triangular gabled pediment, wide cornice and corner pilasters.
		A splendid example of the best in New England architecture, generations of families and hard work have also supported and woven this building into the fabric of the town.
		The entire downtown is an homogenous, cohesive grouping of 29 architecturally and/or historically significant buildings, built after the fire of 1886.
	www.sunrisecounty.org /pb/hist/histall.htm (7415 words)

	O.C. Architecture: Short History
		Those that survive came from the drawing boards of an Akron architectural firm, Weary and Kramer, who described themselves as "specialists in court house, jail and prison architecture." Affable practitioners, they offered several versions of the Peters tower and invited the college to choose among them.
		Gilbert's architectural conservatism was matched by the formalism of his long-range campus landscape plan, which he worked up in collaboration with President Henry Churchill King and the Olmsted Brothers of Boston, sons and successors of America's greatest landscape architect.
		The best Oberlin example of Neo-Georgian architecture is the President House on Forest Street, designed by Clarence Ward for Physics Professor S.R. Williams in 1920 and acquired by the college for President Wilkins in 1927.
	www.oberlin.edu /~EOG/gbslides/AShortHistory.html (3076 words)

	Architecture of Elsah, Illinois Index
		Ultimately, however, the architecture of the Village is decidedly of midwestern character.
		Because Elsah's growth spurt occured mostly prior to 1865, the architectural influence which prevailed was the sedate and harmonizing classical Greek.
		The style's development marks another important shift in the patterns of American architecture because it was the first post-Civil War style to break from the studied motifs of the Greek and Gothic Revivals.
	www.elsah.org /architecture.html (2820 words)

	Architecture
		The author was Chairman of the Department of Architecture, Harvard University Graduate School of Design.
		Checklist of 184 architectural drawings, plans and elevations, along with their provenance, in the Wight Collection.
		The illustrations, in addition to picturing architecture, also illustrated implements, stained glass windows, and other items associated with churches.
	www.dupontbooks.com /architecture.htm (640 words)

	Architecture of the Windy City
		Nearby, another excellent example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie School of architecture is the Robie House.
		No architectural visit would be complete without a visit to the granddaddy of baseball stadiums.
		For a detailed excursion, the Chicago Architecture Foundation offers more than 50 walking or bus tours, conducted by knowledgeable guides. The foundation is located in the historic Railway Exchange Building at 224 S. Michigan Avenue.
	www.travellady.com /articles/article-architecture.html (304 words)

	Architecture
		The skyscraper is the most important development in 20th century architecture.
		Preachers at time called the Woolworth Building the "Cathedral of Commerce" because of its Gothic details and its 3-story lobby with gold mosaics, one of which depicts Woolworth holding his building, just as medieval paintings depicted the donors of churches offering their works to God.
		In 1922 an important architectural competition was held.
	www.bluffton.edu /~humanities/art/19c/arch/skyscraper.html (939 words)

	AMON CARTER MUSEUM: TEXAS BIRD’S-EYE VIEWS: BROWSE
		But interior railroads also permitted farmers and brokers to send their cotton north and east to avoid paying what they considered to be the exorbitant fees of the Galveston Wharf Company (called “the Octopus” by some), which had a virtual monopoly over Galveston shipping.
		In many ways, Koch’s view is a tribute to the architecture of Nicholas J. Clayton, arguably the most outstanding architect in the state at the time.
		By 1885 developers had also begun to pay attention to the beach on the gulf side of the island in an effort to develop tourism and increase riders on the passenger trains and trolleys.
	www.birdseyeviews.org /zoom.php?city=Galveston&year=1885&extra_info= (487 words)

	Ontario Architecture Styles Page
		This Bank of Montreal building was built in 1885 by Darling and Curry.
		There are an unusually high frieze with windows, a large cornice, and an attic floor with stylized triglyphs and guttae.
		The inspiration shows the relatively unadorned surfaces of Greek architecture as opposed to the more ornate Roman.
	www.ontarioarchitecture.com /Beauxarts.htm (1021 words)

	Sid Richardson Collection of Western Art - Architecture in Downtown Fort Worth
		This building is a replica of the original 1885 building that part of the original two blocks of Sundance Square.
		Architects for the project were Thomas E. Woodward and Associates of Dallas and the General Contractor was Thos.
		The cast iron columns in the front of the building are from the 1885 structure.
	www.fortwortharchitecture.com /richmus.htm (106 words)

	Chinese Architecture: Hong Kong, China
		The landscape is constantly changing, as perfectly sound buildings are replaced by taller and "more modern" structures almost on a monthly schedule.
		It is interesting to trace the evolution of the Hong Kong architecture in this region from the Peak.
		The most fascinating way to the Peak is on the Peak Tram, inaugurated in 1885, as you varied scenery from tropical vegetation to the evolving landscape of the island.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /hongkong/HONGKONGOVERVIEW.htm (252 words)

	Georgian Architecture
		Georgian architecture was the style of the 18th century, especially from the reign of King George I who ascended the throne in 1711, until the American Revolution (King George III).
		Building during this period closely adheres to English precedents, which were made accessible through printed books on architecture.
		From Fiske Kimbal, Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and the Early Republic, 1922.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/georgian.html (104 words)

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