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Topic: 1894 in archaeology

	1894 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Archaeology - Architecture - Art - Literature - Music
		1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
		May 11 - Pullman Strike: Three thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a "wildcat" (without union approval) strike in Illinois.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1894 (1126 words)

	Archaeology - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As regards archaeology, there was no question of excavations, as they were generally impossible at the time.
		We know that this dig could not be completed, and that a later expedition of the British School of Archaeology of Jerusalem, directed by Diana Kirkbride, worked on revising and completing the conclusions (RB 1960, 65-92), and on distinguishing better the different periods between the end of the first century A.D. and the fourth century.
		The four superior levels, uncovered in the first fieldtrip, are characterized by the "cornet", a decoration painted in pastel, fanshaped engravings, chisel, and strange wall paintings in poor condition and difficult to interpret.
	www.op.org /ebaf/archeo/en/histo.html (9682 words)

	Archaeology - Seminar Series
		This research was into the earliest occupation of Britain, with particular reference to open-air sites situated at high-levels in the landscape (rather than the river gravel sites or caves that have been the traditional focus for investigations) and the analysis of handaxe-making and use.
		This is a discussion of regional archaeology and its strengths and weaknesses using New England, New South Wales as a case study.
		Through a synthesis of genetics, archaeology and climatology an extraordinarily clear view of human origins has been revealed, overturning the commonly held view that modern humans left Africa from the north and the south in several waves to populate Europe and Asia.
	www.archaeology.arts.uwa.edu.au /seminar_series (3902 words)

	What is Archaeology?
		A commentary by Kris Hirst on the development of archaeology from the earliest treasure hunters to the development of scientific technique.
		He looks at (amongst other things) the earliest days of archaeology in the 18th century, the beginnings of civilisation, the relationship between archaeology and the state, and new perspectives in archaeology.
		A poll conducted for the Society of American Archaeology in 2000 finds, amongst other things, that most Americans support the goals and practice of archaeology, endorse laws protecting archaeological sites and artifacts, and think archaeology is important to today's society...
	www.gla.ac.uk /archaeology/resources/archcont/whatis.html (523 words)

	South Dakota Archaeology Bibliography
		Traces the development of archaeology in the state through the personalities of individuals who have researched its prehistory, the changing trends in theories and techniques, and the establishment of state and federal laws that have led to current archaeological programs.
		Its emphasis is on the history of South Dakota archaeology, not the cultures of the prehistoric societies.
		A study of changes in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Arikara ceramics and their relationship to the complex of social, economic, and political influences to which Arikara potters were exposed.
	www.larryjzimmerman.com /SDarch/sdbib.html (15257 words)

	Heritage Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Considered a second class citizen by some historians and alienated by the purist prehistorian the archaeologist who uses text to assist in analysis and interpretation is tolerated but often misunderstood by both disciplines.
		However, a unilateral approach to the understanding of the philosophy of both disciplines of history and archaeology is essential if a reliable typology is to be agreed.
		If the research of the mining landscape is to continue as a common interest of the historian and archaeologists alike it must be on the basis of understanding and a marriage of thought, to borrow Sibyl Jack’s analogy (Jack 1993).
	www.heritagearchaeology.com.au /Publications/Wat_02.htm (5597 words)

	Current Archaeology Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The archaeology of the Western isles (the Outer Hebrides) is dominated by the mysterious and exotic structures known as brochs and wheelhouses.
		where archaeology is used to recover the original garden layouts of some of the great gardens of the late 17th/early 18th century.
		Some of the most lively and unusual archaeology is that carried out by the amateurs who can follow their own star and produce work of the highest possible standards.
	www.archaeology.co.uk /ca/issues/vol12x.htm (5278 words)

	eBay.co.uk - 1894, Art, Antiquarian Books Pre-1940, Europe items at low prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		22ct gold half sovereign 1894 not scrap Q.Victoria NR
		1894 GB front with Holbeck Leeds squared circle (GS95)
		Spain Melilla 1894 local used Isla de Luzon ship scarce
	search.ebay.co.uk /1894_W0QQfsooZ1QQfsopZ1 (384 words)

	Adela C. Breton Papers, American Philosophical Society
		Between 1894 and 1908, Breton took thirteen excursions to the Mayan archaeological sites in Yucatan, Mexico, researching the artwork and producing valuable watercolor paintings of the ruins.
		Between 1894 and 1908, the intrepid Breton took thirteen excursions to archaeological sites in Yucatan, where she became an important part of the budding Mayanist community.
		Alfred P. Maudsley encouraged her to use her skills as a watercolorist to document the fragile and rapidly deteriorating archaeological sites, and her illustrations of Chichén Itzá (especially the Temple of Jaguars), Acancéh, and Teotihuacán provide irreplaceable evidence of the original colors and appearance of the murals and other artwork.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/b/breton.htm (1389 words)

	Am. Archaeology
		American archaeology as a professional or academic discipline also took time to develop from amateur antiquarians or pure relic seekers (pot-hunters).
		This develpoment was compounded by the prejudice toward Native American culture and a bias that actually blinded many early antiquarians from recognizing that the many mounds found in the East were actually components of Native American cultures.
		However, in 1960 L. Binford proposed a "New Archaeology" that delved into general laws and cognition that has emerged into what was called processual archaeology; changing to specific cases of the process of cultural change and explanation derived from ecological and cultural factors.
	daphne.palomar.edu /ais130/Lectures/AmArchaeo.htm (1332 words)

	Numerals, Numeration, and Numerical Notation Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Arithmetical procedure in Minoan Linear A and in Minoan-Greek Linear B. American Journal of Archaeology 62: 363-369.
		Newsletter of the Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University 23: 35-36.
		Potts, Daniel T. The archaeology of Elam: formation and transformation of an ancient Iranian state.
	www.phrontistery.info /nnsbib.html (8619 words)

	Chess Archaeology
		1894 brought numerous individual club matches in New York, including participants of the strength of Harry Nelson Pillsbury and Jackson Whipps Showalter.
		The next year the Metropolitan Chess League was formed, complete with a formal constitution, adopted in October 1894, and including representation by each of the six chess clubs involved: the Manhattan, City, Brooklyn, Newark, Staten Island and Metropolitan.
		That rivalry, however, according to Article 4 of its Constitution, was limited to “any regularly organized Chess Club within 10 miles of New York City” on being elected to participate by a two third vote of the members present at the League’s annual meeting.
	www.chessarch.com /excavations/0021_franmanh/telegraph.shtml (7652 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Middle Kingdom : Dynasty 12 : Senusret I
		The valley temple associated with the pyramid complex has not been found, but the ruins of the mortuary temple remain.
		It was ruined during its excavation in 1894 (early archaeology often destroyed the sites they were excavating, and the concept of detailed mapping of the sites was not yet practiced.
		INside the mortuary temple, eight large standing statues and ten sitting statues were found.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn12/02senusret1.html (611 words)

	Archaeology - Mississippian Period
		The Duck River Cache, so-named for its area of origin, is thought by many to be the greatest archaeological find in Tennessee.
		The Cache consists of 46 chipped stone ceremonial implements found on the Link Farm in Humphreys County, Tennessee, in 1894.
		The fantastic stone forms include hooks, disks, batons, axes, and bi-pointed "sword shapes"; these "swords" measure up to 28 inches in length and represent some of the finest flint knapping in North America.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /permex/archaeol/xrm-text.htm (767 words)

	Tomfolio.com: Archaeology, Archaeology
		Archaeology of the Four Corners Power Projects Publisher: Museum of New Mexico Press Santa Fe, NM 1962.
		A. Ghosh And D. Agarwal Radiocarbon And Indian Archaeology New 570pp.
		Albright, William Foxwell The Archaeology Of Palestine A Survey Of The Ancient Peoples And Cultures Of The Holy Land Publisher: Penguin 1954.
	www.tomfolio.com /bookssub.asp?subid=186 (2892 words)

	The Archaeology of Ethnicity in America: Archaeology and Ethnic Politics: Archaeology in the Nineteenth Century
		The Archaeology of Ethnicity in America: Archaeology and Ethnic Politics: Archaeology in the Nineteenth Century
		Historical archaeologists ask how Indians were selecting goods that were most useful to them, how they adapted these goods to their purposes, and how they are expressions of creolization).
		And archaeology did establish the antiquity of native settlement.
	www.indiana.edu /~arch/saa/matrix/aea/aea_24.html (857 words)

	Bibliography, References and Sources
		American journal of Archaeology VI (1890) for entries on "Constantinople" and "Saida".
		Ball, Mary Tarcisia, sister, 1894- Nature and the vocabulary of nature in the works of Saint Cyprian / by Sister Mary Tarcisia Ball.
		Isserlin, B. Motya : a Phoenician and Carthaginian city in Sicily : a report of the excavations undertaken during the years 1961-65 on behalf of the University of Leeds, the Institute of Archaeology of London...
	www.phoenicia.org /bibliogr.html (8125 words)

	North American Archaeology
		Following the Society for American Archaeology statement on ethics in the box on the right, this newly renovated course will encourage students to not only learn the basic content involved in North American ancient culture histories, but will seek to understand how the archaeological approach reflects and implements the seven principles as indicated:
		Basic Archaeological Skills : Students of archaeology must also understand the epistemological ramifications of the discipline:how they come to know what they know about ancient peoples¼ life ways:ranging from understanding the basic skills archaeologists employ in the field to varied ways they understand and interpret what they encounter under the ground.
		Throughout this course we will be noting the use of the techniques employed by archaeologists — both laboratory analysis and subsequent interpretation — to explain, rather than merely describe, the dynamics of life during ancient times in North America.
	www.indiana.edu /~arch/saa/matrix/naa/naa_web/syllabus.html (7305 words)

	Oman (on ScienceFizz.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Information about a research project from the German Institute of Archaeology, to investigate early oasis settlements in the Al Hajar massif.
		Project description for the Oman Archaeology Network proposed by the Oman Studies Center.
		Its aim is to bring together archaeologists with a special interest in Oman.
	sciencefizz.com /Social_Sciences/Archaeology/Regional/Middle_East/Oman (422 words)

	Southwestern Archaeology - Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Message #30 From: AzTeC SW Archaeology SIG To: "'Matthias Giessler'" Subject: Historic Hershey's Cocoa Metal Tins Date: Fri, 23 Jan 1998 19:28:09
		Metal tins for cocoa were introduced in 1894 and discontinued in February 1988.
		I am attaching a physical summary and chronology of cocoa tins compiled for a similar request made several years ago.
	www.swanet.org /zarchives/gotcaliche/alldailyeditions/98jan/30.html (113 words)

	Beazley Archive - Links
		University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		Internet Archaeology is the world's first fully refereed electronic journal for archaeology.
		Archaeology on the Internet A Web-based article by Dr Jonathan Moffett
	www.beazley.ox.ac.uk /BeazleyAdmin/Script2/Links.htm (534 words)

	The Archaeology of Hissarlik
		The eighth settlement, built atop the remains of this last Bronze Age city, was unmistakably a Greek town, and was assigned to the beginning of the seventh century.
		Archaeology could provide no clue, no trace of any human habitation between the extinction of Troy VIIb, supposedly ca.-1100, and the beginning of the Greek city slightly before -700.
		Thus a Dark Age was called upon to envelop Troy.
	www.varchive.org /nldag/archiss.htm (1443 words)

	Ruldolph Etzenhouser's 1894 From Palmyra... #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Evidences of the same class relative to the early scenes in New York, Ohio, Missouri and Illinois, the character of the Saints, etc. Three prominent court decisions, that of Kirtland Temple, Ohio, 1880; the Canada Court on the rights of the Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints, 1893, and the Temple Lot case of 1894.
		The title, "From Palmyra, New York, to Independence, Missouri," is not indicative of continuous narrative but embracing material facts during that lapse of years.
		Don McGuire, Chief Dept. Mines and Archaeology of Utah, contributing to Salt Lake Tribune, in its issue for October 29th, 1893, says...
	www.sidneyrigdon.com /1894Etz1.htm (11921 words)

	Astronomy History Links Page
		In 1894 he established the Lowell Observatory near Flagstaff, Arizona.
		Clive L. Ruggles Dr. Ruggles is a professor in Archaeoastronomy at the School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
		An online guide of over 2000 web pages to Stonehenge, stone circles, dolmens, ancient standing stones, cairns, barrows, hillforts and archaeology of megalithic Europe.
	astronomywebguide.com /links_astronomyhistory.html (6503 words)

	Industrial Archaeology Review
		The Archaeology of the Canal Warehouses of North-West England and the Social Archaeology of industrialisation (M. Chemical Industry, Salt, Soap, Gunpowder Manufacture etc.
		'Lime-kilns on the Gloucestershire-Herefordshire Border' (D. 'The Offham Chalkpit Tramway: its History and Archaeology' (T.E. EVANS and R.G. 'Closeburn Limeworks Scheme: a Dumfriesshire Waterpower Complex' (R.J. 'Lime Burning on the Gower Peninsula's Limestone Belt' (L.A. 'The Langcliffe Quarry and Limeworks' (M.R.G. 'The History and Archaeology of the Calke Abbey lime-yards' (G. PALMER and P.
		The Ephemeral Archaeology of the Miniature Railway (A. The Landscape Archaeology of the Vale of Ffestiniog (D. Rainton Bridge South Waggonway (G. Rolt Memorial Lectures
	www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk /arevind.htm (2979 words)

	Toronto History Heritage Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There is no publicly funded historical research in the Rouge Park area or in the Province of Ontario, as current paths of developmental destruction devour what little remains of the few important sites.
		The process shows how archaeology is used to facilitate development of known archaeological sites - no matter what is found.
		Heritage Destruction and Ontario Archaeology shows some of the reasons why Ontario archaeology is a national and international disgrace...
	www.blackhole.on.ca /index_history.html (9387 words)

	African Archaeology
		First article written by an African (male) Ekpo Eyo in the West African Journal of Archaeology in 1974.
		West African Journal of Archaeology 1971- Thurstan Shaw
		“In the desire to be scientific, archaeology seems to me to be losing touch with humanity”
	www.stpt.usf.edu /arthurj/Africa_History_Theory.htm (714 words)

	USCWC -- Archaeology, Women, and Children
		Historical Archaeology of Loudoun Valley and Harper's Ferry
		Texas AandM Archaeology of Tyler Texas Civil War Camp
		Hammond and the Confederate Flag on July 4, 1894
	www.cwc.lsu.edu /cwc/links/links7.htm (355 words)

	Find in a Library: The history of archaeology
		Find in a Library: The history of archaeology
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/049906f31214a1b5a19afeb4da09e526.html (43 words)

	Rare Archaeology Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 9 Volumes with Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 17 volumes
		by Society of Biblical Archaeology Copyright: 1872 London: Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1872-1901.
		1ST Edition by Percival Lowell Publisher: HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO@ Copyright: 1894 Notes: Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1894.
	www.mysterious-america.net /rarearchaeologyb.html (989 words)

	Biblical Archaeology Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		13660 Ninth Line,Stouffville, Ontario, Canada, L4A 7X3Near East Archaeology Society, BAS - Wednesday, January 14, 2004 at 14:49:46 (EST)
		1221 Linden Ave, LaSalle, IL 61301; Author: Bible Believer's Archaeology (BibleHistory.Net) -- Saturday, December, 18 2004 at 9:38:29 PM Anthony Pecorro:
		1710 Merle Huff Ave., Norwalk, Iowa, 50211; B.Div, MCh.Ed., MCh.Media, archaeology enthusiast.
	www.bib-arch.org /names.asp (17308 words)

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